View source for Deinococcus

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Deinococcus radiodurans.jpg
| image_caption = A tetrad of ''D. radiodurans''
| taxon = Deinococcus
| authority = Rainey et al. 1997
| parent_authority = Brooks and Murray 1981
| type_species = ''[[Deinococcus radiodurans]]''
| type_species_authority = Raj et al. 1960 ex Brooks and Murray 1981
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = 
See text.
| synonyms = 
* ''Deinobacter'' <small>Oyaizu et al. 1987</small>
}}

'''''Deinococcus''''' (from the {{langx|el|δεινός}}, ''deinos'', "dreadful, strange" and κόκκος, ''kókkos'', "granule"<ref name=main>{{lpsn|d/deinococcus.html|Deinococcus}}</ref>) is in the formerly [[monotypic]] family '''Deinococcaceae''', and one genus<ref>Brooks BW, Murray RGE (1981) Nomenclature for" Micrococcus radiodurans" and other radiation-resistant cocci: Deinococcaceae fam. nov. and Deinococcus gen. nov., including five species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 31: 353.</ref> of three in the order Deinococcales<ref>Ekman JV, Raulio M, Busse HJ, Fewer DP, Salkinoja-Salonen M (2010) Deinobacterium chartae gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely radiation resistant [[biofilm]]-forming bacterium isolated from a Finnish paper mill. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.</ref><ref>Albuquerque L, Sims C, Nobre MF, Pino NM, Battista JR, et al. (2005) ''Truepera radiovictrix'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a new radiation-resistant species and the proposal of ''Trueperaceae'' fam. nov. FEMS Microbiology Letters 247: 161-169.</ref> of the bacterial phylum ''[[Deinococcota]]'' highly resistant to environmental hazards. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them [[Gram-positive]] stains, but they also include a second membrane and are therefore closer in structure to [[Gram-negative]] bacteria. ''Deinococcus'' survive when their DNA is exposed to high doses of gamma and UV radiation. Whereas other bacteria change their structure in the presence of radiation, such as by forming endospores, ''Deinococcus'' tolerate it without changing their cellular form and do not retreat into a hardened structure. They are also characterized by the presence of the carotenoid pigment [[deinoxanthin]] that give them their pink color. They are usually isolated according to these two criteria. In August 2020, scientists reported that [[bacteria]] from Earth, particularly ''Deinococcus'' bacteria, were found to survive for three years in [[outer space]], based on studies conducted on the [[International Space Station]]. These findings support the notion of [[panspermia]], the hypothesis that [[life]] exists throughout the [[Universe]], distributed in various ways, including [[space dust]], [[meteoroid]]s, [[asteroid]]s, [[comet]]s, [[Minor planet|planetoid]]s or [[Contamination|contaminated]] [[spacecraft]].<ref name="CNN-20200826">{{cite news |last=Strickland |first=Ashley |title=Bacteria from Earth can survive in space and could endure the trip to Mars, according to new study |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/26/world/earth-mars-bacteria-space-scn/index.html |date=26 August 2020 |work=[[CNN News]] |access-date=26 August 2020 }}</ref><ref name="FM-20200826">{{cite journal |author=Kawaguchi, Yuko |display-authors=et al. |title=DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer Space |date=26 August 2020 |journal=[[Frontiers in Microbiology]] |volume=11 |page=2050 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2020.02050 |pmid=32983036 |pmc=7479814 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Molecular signatures ==
Members of ''Deinococcus'' can be distinguished from all other bacteria through molecular signatures known as [[conserved signature indels]] (CSIs) and proteins (CSPs). An earlier study on ''Deinococcus'' identified nine CSIs and 58 CSPs which were exclusively shared by members of this genus.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Ho|first1=Jonathan|last2=Adeolu|first2=Mobolaji|last3=Khadka|first3=Bijendra|last4=Gupta|first4=Radhey S.|date=October 2016|title=Identification of distinctive molecular traits that are characteristic of the phylum "''Deinococcus–Thermus''" and distinguish its main constituent groups|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003|journal=Systematic and Applied Microbiology|volume=39|issue=7|pages=453–463|doi=10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003|pmid=27506333 |issn=0723-2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Some of the identified CSPs such as the DNA damage repair protein PprA and the single-stranded [[DNA-binding protein]] DdrB are thought to have functional roles in the DNA repair mechanism and radioresistance phenotype of ''Deinococcus''.<ref name=":0"/>

In a more recent work focused on DNA repair proteins an additional 22 CSIs were identified as specific to this genus, including a 30 amino acid insert in the [[UvrA|UvrA1]] protein that is suggested to play in a role in the resistance ability of ''Deinococcus'' species against radiation and oxidation damage.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Hassan|first1=F. M. Nazmul|last2=Gupta|first2=Radhey S.|date=2018-03-08|title=Novel Sequence Features of DNA Repair Genes/Proteins from Deinococcus Species Implicated in Protection from Oxidatively Generated Damage|journal=Genes|volume=9|issue=3|pages=149|doi=10.3390/genes9030149|pmid=29518000 |issn=2073-4425|pmc=5867870|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The ''uvrA1'' gene in ''Deinococcus'' was found to form a novel genetic linkage with the genes of the proteins dCSP-1 (a transmembrane protein found only in ''Deinococcus'' species), [[DsbA]] and [[DsbB]]. The latter two proteins play a central role in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins via oxidation-reduction of cysteine rich motifs (CXXC).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Inaba|first1=Kenji|last2=Ito|first2=Koreaki|date=April 2008|title=Structure and mechanisms of the DsbB–DsbA disulfide bond generation machine|journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research|volume=1783|issue=4|pages=520–529|doi=10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.11.006|pmid=18082634 |issn=0167-4889|doi-access=free}}</ref> The above cluster of genes forms a novel operon unique to ''Deinococcus'' species and the encoded proteins are predicted to function together to combat against DNA damage caused by reactive oxidative species from radiation.<ref name=":1"/>

The 30 aa CSI present in UvrA1 and another 5-7 aa CSI present in DsbA are located on surface loops of the proteins. The surface exposed loops/patches formed by these CSIs are thought to mediate protein-protein interactions with the transmembrane protein dCSP-1, thus facilitating a sequence of electron transfers that ultimately ameliorates oxidative damage.<ref name=":1"/>

== Comparative genomics ==
[[File:Deinococcus genomes compared.png|thumb|[[Sequence homology|Orthologous]] gene comparison between three sequenced ''Deinococcus'' strains. The numbers correspond to the number of shared orthologs between two or all three species.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Groot |first1=Arjan de |last2=Dulermo |first2=Rémi |last3=Ortet |first3=Philippe |last4=Blanchard |first4=Laurence |last5=Guérin |first5=Philippe |last6=Fernandez |first6=Bernard |last7=Vacherie |first7=Benoit |last8=Dossat |first8=Carole |last9=Jolivet |first9=Edmond |last10=Siguier |first10=Patricia |last11=Chandler |first11=Michael |last12=Barakat |first12=Mohamed |last13=Dedieu |first13=Alain |last14=Barbe |first14=Valérie |last15=Heulin |first15=Thierry |date=2009-03-27 |title=Alliance of Proteomics and Genomics to Unravel the Specificities of Sahara Bacterium Deinococcus deserti |journal=PLOS Genetics |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e1000434 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000434 |issn=1553-7404 |pmc=2669436 |pmid=19370165 |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
Although all species of the genus ''Deinococcus'' are related by definition, they exhibit substantial differences across their [[genome]]s. Most species appear to have about 3,000 genes, but only a fraction of them are shared in other species. For example, a 3-species comparison among ''[[Deinococcus radiodurans|D. radiodurans]]'', ''[[Deinococcus deserti|D. deserti]]'', and ''[[Deinococcus geothermalis|D. geothermalis]]'' shows that about two thirds of each genome is shared by all three species, but close to a third is specific and only found in one of the species (see figure). Once more genomes are included in such comparisons, the core genome will almost certainly be much smaller.<ref name=":2" />

==Taxonomy==
{{See also|Bacterial taxonomy}}
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN) <ref>{{cite web |author = J.P. Euzéby | url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/deinococcus |title=Deinococcus | access-date=2022-07-20 |publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)}}</ref> and [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI).<ref>{{cite web |author = Sayers|display-authors = etal| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=1297&lvl=6&lin |title=DeinococcusThermus |access-date=2022-07-20 |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database}}</ref> {{As of|2011|8}}, there were 47 species of ''Deinococcus'' described.

===Phylogeny===
Root node corresponds to Deinococcaceae.

Branch abbreviation key:
* ''Db.'' = ''Deinobacterium''
* ''D.'', ''Dc.'' = ''Deinococcus''
* (A) = GTDB genus ''Deinococcus''_A
* (B) = GTDB genus ''Deinococcus''_B
* (C) = GTDB genus ''Deinococcus''_C, also known as "''Deinococcus'' species-group 2"
* (*) = GTDB genus ''Deinococcus'', or ''Deinococcus'' s.s.

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based [[The All-Species Living Tree Project|LTP]]_10_2024<ref>{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_10_2024 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref>
! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based [[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]] 09-RS220<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 09-RS220 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=bac120_r220.sp_labels |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
|- 
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%
|1={{clade
  |label1=(A) + ''Db.''
  |1={{clade
    |1=''D. peraridilitoris'' <small>Rainey et al. 2007</small><ref>Rainey FA, Ferreira M, Nobre MF, Ray K, Bagaley D, Earl AM, Battista JR, Gómez-Silva B, McKay CP, da Costa MS. ''Deinococcus peraridilitoris'' sp. nov., isolated from a coastal desert. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2007 Jul;57(Pt 7):1408-12.</ref>
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Deinobacterium|Deinobacterium chartae]]'' <small>Ekman et al. 2011</small>
      |2={{clade
        |1=''D. pimensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
        |2={{clade
          |1=''D. papagonensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
          |2=''D. yavapaiensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
  |2={{clade
  |1={{clade
    |label1=(B)
    |1=''D. maricopensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
    |2={{clade
      |label1=(C)
      |1={{clade
        |1=''D. roseus'' <small>Asker et al. 2008</small><ref name="asker"/>
        |2={{clade
          |1=''D. cellulosilyticus'' <small>Weon et al. 2007</small><ref>Weon HY, Kim BY, Schumann P, Son JA, Jang J, Go SJ, Kwon SW. ''Deinococcus cellulosilyticus'' sp. nov., isolated from air. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2007 Aug;57(Pt 8):1685-8.</ref>
          |2=''D. misasensis'' <small>Asker et al. 2008</small><ref name="asker">Asker D, Awad TS, Beppu T, Ueda K. ''Deinococcus misasensis'' and ''Deinococcus roseus'', novel members of the genus ''Deinococcus'', isolated from a radioactive site in Japan. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2008 Mar;31(1):43-9.</ref>
           }}
         }}
      |label2=(*)
      |2={{clade
        |1={{clade
          |1={{clade
            |1=''D. irradiatisoli'' <small>Kim et al. 2018</small>
            |2=''D. persicinus'' <small>Jeon et al. 2016</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
             }}
          |2={{clade
            |1=''D. alpinitundrae'' <small>Callegan et al. 2008</small><ref name=callegan>Callegan RP, Nobre MF, McTernan PM, Battista JR, Navarro-González R, McKay CP, da Costa MS, Rainey FA. Description of four novel psychrophilic, ionizing radiation-sensitive ''Deinococcus'' species from alpine environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2008 May;58(Pt 5):1252-8.</ref>
            |2={{clade
              |1=''D. detaillensis'' <small>Zhang et al. 2021</small>
              |2=''D. psychrotolerans'' <small>Tian et al. 2019</small>
               }}
             }}
           }}
        |2={{clade
          |1={{clade
            |1=''D. sonorensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
            |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                |1=''D. aquiradiocola'' <small>Asker et al. 2009</small><ref>Asker D, Awad TS, Beppu T, Ueda K. ''Deinococcus aquiradiocola'' sp. nov., isolated from a radioactive site in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Jan;59(Pt 1):144-9.</ref>
                |2=''D. ruber'' <small>Kim et al. 2017</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                |1=''D. altitudinis'' <small>Callegan et al. 2008</small><ref name="callegan"/>
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''D. claudionis'' <small>Callegan et al. 2008</small><ref name="callegan"/>
                  |2=''D. radiomollis'' <small>Callegan et al. 2008</small><ref name="callegan"/>
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
          |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
              |1=''D. radiophilus'' <small>(ex Lewis 1973) Books and Murray 1981</small><ref>Lewis NF. Radio-resistant Micrococcus radiophilus sp. nov. isolated from irradiated Bombay duck (''Harpodon nehereus''). Curr. Sci. (India)1976, v. 42, no. 14, p. 504</ref>
              |2={{clade
                |1=''D. proteolyticus'' <small>Brooks and Murray 1981</small><ref>Kobatake, M., Tanabe, S., Hasegawa, S. Nouveau micrococcus radioresistant a pigment rouge, isole de feces de ''Lama glama'', et son utilisation comme indicateur microbiologique de la radiosterilisation. C.R. Seances Soc. Biol. Fil. (1973)167, 1506–1510.</ref>
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''D. lacus'' <small>Park et al. 2018</small>
                  |2=''D. piscis'' <small>Shashidhar and Bandekar 2009</small><ref>Shashidhar R, Bandekar JR. ''Deinococcus piscis'' sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from a marine fish. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Nov;59(Pt 11):2714-7</ref>
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                |1={{clade
                  |1=''D. budaensis'' <small>Makk et al. 2016</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                  |2=''D. hopiensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
                   }}
                |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                   |1=''[[Deinococcus murrayi|D. murrayi]]'' <small>Ferreira et al. 1997</small><ref name="ferreira"/>
                   |2=''D. terrestris'' <small>Wang et al. 2020</small>
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''D. phoenicis'' <small>Vaishampayan, Venkateswaran & Schwendner 2014</small>
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[[Deinococcus geothermalis|D. geothermalis]]'' <small>Ferreira et al. 1997</small><ref name="ferreira">Ferreira AC, Nobre MF, Rainey FA, Silva MT, Wait R, Burghardt J, Chung AP, da Costa MS. ''Deinococcus geothermalis'' sp. nov. and ''Deinococcus murrayi'' sp. nov., two extremely radiation-resistant and slightly thermophilic species from hot springs. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1997 Oct;47(4):939-47.</ref>
                      |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                          |1=''D. aluminii'' <small>Kim et al. 2018</small>
                          |2=''D. metallilatus'' <small>Kim et al. 2015</small>
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                            |1=''D. aestuarii'' <small>Yin et al. 2022</small>
                            |2=''D. aetherius'' <small>Yang et al. 2010</small><ref>Yang Y, Itoh T, Yokobori S, Shimada H, Itahashi S, Satoh K, Ohba H, Narumi I, Yamagishi A. ''Deinococcus aetherius'' sp. nov., isolated from the stratosphere. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010 Apr;60(Pt 4):776-9</ref>
                             }}
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''[[Deinococcus aerius|D. aerius]]'' <small>Yang et al. 2009</small><ref>Yang Y, Itoh T, Yokobori S, Itahashi S, Shimada H, Satoh K, Ohba H, Narumi I, Yamagishi A. ''Deinococcus aerius'' sp. nov., isolated from the high atmosphere. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Aug;59(Pt 8):1862-6.</ref>
                            |2=''[[Deinococcus apachensis|D. apachensis]]'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name=rainey>Rainey FA, Ray K, Ferreira M, Gatz BZ, Nobre MF, Bagaley D, Rash BA, Park MJ, Earl AM, Shank NC, Small AM, Henk MC, Battista JR, Kämpfer P, da Costa MS. Extensive diversity of ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria recovered from Sonoran Desert soil and description of nine new species of the genus ''Deinococcus'' obtained from a single soil sample. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Sep;71(9):5225-35. Erratum in: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Nov;71(11):7630.</ref>
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                |1={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                    |1=''D. petrolearius'' <small>Xi et al. 2019</small>
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''D. citri'' <small>Ahmed et al. 2014</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>  
                      |2=''D. gobiensis'' <small>Yuan et al. 2009</small><ref>Yuan M, Zhang W, Dai S, Wu J, Wang Y, Tao T, Chen M, Lin M. ''Deinococcus gobiensis'' sp. nov., an extremely radiation-resistant bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Jun;59(Pt 6):1513-7</ref>
                       }}
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                      |1=''D. metalli'' <small>Feng et al. 2015</small>
                      |2=''D. radioresistens'' <small>Srinivasan et al. 2016</small>
                       }}
                    |2={{clade
                      |1={{clade
                        |1=''D. koreensis'' <small>Baek et al. 2018 non Kim, Kang & Srinivasan 2017</small>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''D. rufus'' <small>Wang et al. 2018</small>
                          |2=''D. yunweiensis'' <small>Zhang et al. 2007</small><ref>Zhang YQ, Sun CH, Li WJ, Yu LY, Zhou JQ, Zhang YQ, Xu LH, Jiang CL. ''Deinococcus yunweiensis'' sp. nov., a gamma- and UV-radiation-resistant bacterium from China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2007 Feb;57(Pt 2):370-5.</ref>
                           }}
                         }}
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''D. aerophilus'' <small>Yoo et al. 2010</small><ref name="yoo"/>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                            |1=''[[Deinococcus frigens|D. frigens]]'' <small>Hirsch et al. 2006</small><ref name="hirsch">Hirsch P, Gallikowski CA, Siebert J, Peissl K, Kroppenstedt R, Schumann P, Stackebrandt E, Anderson R. ''Deinococcus frigens'' sp. nov., ''Deinococcus saxicola'' sp. nov., and ''Deinococcus marmoris'' sp. nov., low temperature and draught-tolerating, UV-resistant bacteria from continental Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2004 Nov;27(6):636-45.</ref>
                            |2={{clade
                              |1=''[[Deinococcus marmoris|D. marmoris]]'' <small>Hirsch et al. 2006</small><ref name="hirsch"/>
                              |2=''[[Deinococcus saxicola|D. saxicola]]'' <small>Hirsch et al. 2006</small><ref name="hirsch"/>
                               }}
                             }}
                          |2={{clade
                            |1={{clade
                              |1=''D. aerolatus'' <small>Yoo et al. 2010</small><ref name="yoo">Yoo SH, Weon HY, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim BY, Kwon SW. ''Deinococcus aerolatus'' sp. nov. and ''Deinococcus aerophilus'' sp. nov., isolated from air samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010 May;60(Pt 5):1191-5.</ref>
                              |2=''D. humi'' <small>Srinivasan et al. 2012</small>
                               }}
                            |2={{clade
                              |1=''D. swuensis'' <small>Lee et al. 2015</small>
                              |2=''D. radiopugnans'' <small>Brooks and Murray 1981</small><ref>Davis, N.S., Silverman, G.J., Mausurosky, E.B.  Radiation-resistant, pigmented coccus isolated from haddock tissue. J. Bacteriol. 1963;86, 294–298.</ref>
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                      |1=''D. reticulitermitis'' <small>Chen et al. 2012</small><ref>Chen W, Wang B, Hong H, Yang H, Liu SJ. ''Deinococcus reticulitermitis'' sp. nov., isolated from a termite gut.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2011 Feb 18</ref>
                      |2=''D. taklimakanensis'' <small>Liu et al. 2017</small>
                       }}
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''D. carri'' <small>Kim et al. 2015</small>
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''D. xinjiangensis'' <small>Peng et al. 2009</small><ref>Peng F, Zhang L, Luo X, Dai J, An H, Tang Y, Fang C. ''Deinococcus xinjiangensis'' sp. nov., isolated from desert soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Apr;59(Pt 4):709-13.</ref>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''D. antarcticus'' <small>Dong et al. 2015</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''D. cavernae'' <small>Zhu et al. 2022</small>
                            |2=''D. fonticola'' <small>Makk et al. 2019</small>
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                      |1={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                          |1=''[[Deinococcus deserti|D. deserti]]'' <small>de Groot et al. 2005</small><ref>de Groot A, Chapon V, Servant P, Christen R, Saux MF, Sommer S, Heulin T. ''Deinococcus deserti'' sp. nov., a gamma-radiation-tolerant bacterium isolated from the Sahara Desert. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2005 Nov;55(Pt 6):2441-6.</ref>
                          |2=''D. malanensis'' <small>Zhu et al. 2017</small>
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''D. hohokamensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
                          |2=''D. navajonensis'' <small>Rainey and da Costa 2005</small><ref name="rainey"/>
                           }}
                         }}
                      |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                          |1=''D. aquatilis'' <small>Kämpfer et al. 2008</small><ref>Kämpfer P, Lodders N, Huber B, Falsen E, Busse HJ. ''Deinococcus aquatilis'' sp. nov., isolated from water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2008 Dec;58(Pt 12):2803-6.</ref>
                          |2=''D. puniceus'' <small>Lee et al. 2014</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                            |1=''[[Deinococcus radiodurans|D. radiodurans]]'' <small>(ex Raj et al. 1960) Brooks and Murray 1981</small><ref>Anderson, A W; H C Nordan, R F Cain, G Parrish, D Duggan (1956). "Studies on a radio-resistant micrococcus. I. Isolation, morphology, cultural characteristics, and resistance to gamma radiation". Food Technol. 10 (1): 575–577.</ref>
                            |2=''D. wulumuqiensis'' <small>Wang et al. 2010</small><ref name="wang">Wang W, Mao J, Zhang Z, Tang Q, Xie Y, Zhu J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Shi Y, Goodfellow M. ''Deinococcus wulumuqiensis'' sp. nov., and ''Deinococcus xibeiensis'' sp. nov., isolated from radiation-polluted soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010 Sep;60(Pt 9):2006-10</ref>
                             }}
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''[[Deinococcus ficus|D. ficus]]'' <small>Lai et al. 2006 emend. Kämpfer 2009</small><ref>Lai WA, Kämpfer P, Arun AB, Shen FT, Huber B, Rekha PD, Young CC. ''Deinococcus ficus'' sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Ficus religiosa L. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2006 Apr;56(Pt 4):787-91</ref>
                            |2={{clade
                              |1=''D. enclensis'' <small>Thorat et al. 2015</small>
                              |2=''D. terrigena'' <small>Ten et al. 2019</small>
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                    |2={{clade
                      |1={{clade
                        |1=''D. arcticus'' <small>Wang et al. 2019</small>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                            |1=''D. aquaedulcis'' <small>Yin et al. 2022</small>
                            |2=''D. multiflagellatus'' <small>Kim et al. 2018</small>
                             }}
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''D. arboris'' <small>Bae et al. 2022</small>
                            |2=''D. betulae'' <small>Bae et al. 2022</small>
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''D. hibisci'' <small>Moya et al. 2018</small>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                            |1=''D. sedimenti'' <small>Lee et al. 2017</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                            |2={{clade
                              |1=''[[Deinococcus indicus|D. indicus]]'' <small>Suresh et al. 2004</small><ref>Suresh K, Reddy GS, Sengupta S, Shivaji S. ''Deinococcus indicus'' sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium from an aquifer in West Bengal, India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2004 Mar;54(Pt 2):457-61.</ref>
                              |2={{clade
                                |1=''D. caeni'' <small>Im et al. 2008</small><ref name="im"/>
                                |2={{clade
                                  |1=''D. depolymerans'' <small>Asker et al. 2011</small><ref>Asker D, Awad TS, McLandsborough L, Beppu T, Ueda K. ''Deinococcus depolymerans'' sp. nov., a gamma- and UV-radiation-resistant bacterium, isolated from a naturally radioactive site. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2011 Jun;61(Pt 6):1448-53</ref>
                                  |2={{clade
                                    |1=''D. aquaticus'' <small>Im et al. 2008</small><ref name=im>Im WT, Jung HM, Ten LN, Kim MK, Bora N, Goodfellow M, Lim S, Jung J, Lee ST. ''Deinococcus aquaticus'' sp. nov., isolated from fresh water, and ''Deinococcus caeni'' sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2008 Oct;58(Pt 10):2348-53.</ref>
                                    |2={{clade
                                      |1=''D. knuensis'' <small>Lee et al. 2017</small>
                                      |2=''D. seoulensis'' <small>Lee et al. 2016</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                                       }}
                                     }}
                                   }}
                                 }}
                               }}
                             }}
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''D. radiotolerans'' <small>Cha et al. 2015</small>
                            |2={{clade
                              |1={{clade
                                |1=''D. grandis'' <small>(Oyaizu et al. 1987) Rainey et al. 1997</small> <ref>Oyaizu H, Stackebrandt E, Schleifer KH, Ludwig W, Pohla H, Ito H, Hirata A, Oyaizu Y, Komagata K. A radiation-resistant rod-shaped bacterium, ''Deinobacter grandis'' gen. nov., sp. nov., with peptidoglycan containing ornithine. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 62-67.</ref><ref>Rainey FA, Nobre MF, Schumann P, Stackebrandt E, Da Costa MS. Phylogenetic diversity of the deinococci as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparison. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 510-514</ref>
                                |2=''D. daejeonensis'' <small>Srinivasan et al. 2012</small> <ref>Srinivasan S, Kim MK, Lim S, Joe M, Lee M. ''Deinococcus daejeonensis'' sp. nov., isolated from sludge in a sewage disposal plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2011 Jul 15</ref>
                                 }}
                              |2={{clade
                                |1={{clade
                                  |1=''D. saudiensis'' <small>Hussain et al. 2016</small><ref name=Deinococcus/> 
                                  |2=''D. soli'' <small>Cha et al. 2016 non Zhang et al. 2011</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                                   }}
                                |2={{clade
                                  |1=''D. actinosclerus'' <small>Joo et al. 2016</small><ref name=Deinococcus>{{cite journal|last1=Parte|first1=A.C.|title=Deinococcus|website=[[LPSN]]|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/deinococcus}}</ref>
                                  |2={{clade
                                    |1=''D. arenae'' <small>Lee et al. 2016</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                                    |2=''D. kurensis'' <small>Akita et al. 2021</small><ref name=Deinococcus/>
                                     }}
                                   }}
                                 }}
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
     }}
   }}
}}
|
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|1={{Clade
  |1={{Clade
    |1=''[[Deinobacterium|Deinobacterium chartae]]''
    |2={{Clade
    |label1=(C)
    |1={{Clade
      |1=''Deinococcus misasensis''
      |2={{Clade
        |1=''Deinococcus cellulosilyticus''
        |2=''Deinococcus roseus''
         }}
       }}
     }}
     }}
  |2={{Clade
  |label1=''Dc.''
  |1={{Clade
    |label1=(A)
    |1={{Clade
      |1=''D. peraridilitoris''
      |2={{Clade
        |1=''D. pimensis''
        |2=''D. yavapaiensis''
         }}
       }}
    |2={{Clade
      |label1=(B)
      |1=''D. maricopensis''
      |label2=(*)
      |2={{Clade
        |1={{Clade
          |1={{Clade
            |1=''D. ruber'' 
            |2={{Clade
              |1=''D. aquiradiocola''
              |2={{Clade
                |1=''D. altitudinis''
                |2=''D. claudionis''
                 }}
               }}
             }}
          |2={{Clade
            |1=''D. irradiatisoli''
            |2={{Clade
              |1={{Clade
                |1=''D. alpinitundrae''
                |2="''D. rubellus''"
                 }}
              |2={{Clade
                |1=''D. detaillensis''
                |2=''D. psychrotolerans''
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
        |2={{Clade
          |1={{Clade
            |1=''D. radiophilus''
            |2={{Clade
              |1=''D. piscis''
              |2=''D. proteolyticus''
               }}
             }}
          |2={{Clade
            |1={{Clade
              |1=''D. hopiensis''
              |2={{Clade
                |1=''D. phoenicis''
                |2={{Clade
                  |1={{Clade
                    |1=''D. budaensis''
                    |2={{Clade
                      |1=''[[Deinococcus murrayi|D. murrayi]]''
                      |2=''D. terrestris''
                       }}
                     }}
                  |2={{Clade
                    |1={{Clade
                      |1=''[[Deinococcus geothermalis|D. geothermalis]]''
                      |2=''D. metallilatus''
                       }}
                    |2={{Clade
                      |1={{Clade
                        |1=''D. aestuarii''
                        |2="''D. planocerae''" <small>Lin et al. 2017</small>
                         }}
                      |2={{Clade
                        |1=''[[Deinococcus aerius|D. aerius]]''
                        |2=''[[Deinococcus apachensis|D. apachensis]]''
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
            |2={{Clade
              |1={{Clade
                |1=''D. aquatilis''
                |2=''D. puniceus''
                 }}
              |2={{Clade
                |1={{Clade
                  |1=''D. gobiensis''
                  |2={{Clade
                    |1=''D. fonticola'' [incl. ''D. cavernae'']
                    |2={{Clade
                      |1=''D. reticulitermitis''
                      |2={{Clade
                        |1=''[[Deinococcus radiodurans|D. radiodurans]]''
                        |2=''D. wulumuqiensis''
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                |2={{Clade
                  |1={{Clade
                    |1=''D. ficus''
                    |2={{Clade
                      |1=''D. deserti''
                      |2=''D. malanensis''
                       }}
                     }}
                  |2={{Clade
                    |1={{Clade
                      |1={{Clade
                        |1=''D. metalli''
                        |2=''D. koreensis''
                         }}
                      |2={{Clade
                        |1=''D. aerophilus''
                        |2={{Clade
                          |1={{Clade
                            |1=''D. humi''
                            |2=''D. radiopugnans''
                             }}
                          |2={{Clade
                            |1=''D. aerolatus''
                            |2={{Clade
                              |1=''[[Deinococcus frigens|D. frigens]]''
                              |2=''[[Deinococcus marmoris|D. marmoris]]''
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                    |2={{Clade
                      |1={{Clade
                        |1=''[[Deinococcus indicus|D. indicus]]''
                        |2={{Clade
                          |1=''D. aquaticus''
                          |2=''D. seoulensis'' [incl. ''D. knuensis'']
                           }}
                         }}
                      |2={{Clade
                        |1={{Clade
                          |1=''D. arcticus''
                          |2={{Clade
                            |1=''D. aquaedulcis''
                            |2=''D. multiflagellatus''
                             }}
                           }}
                        |2={{Clade 
                          |1=''D. taeanensis'' <small>Lee et al. 2024</small>
                          |2={{Clade 
                            |1=''D. radiotolerans''
                            |2={{Clade
                              |1=''D. actinosclerus'' [incl. ''D. arenae''; ''D. kurensis'']
                              |2={{Clade
                                |1=''D. soli'' [incl. ''D. saudiensis'']
                                |2={{Clade
                                  |1=''D. grandis'' [incl. ''D. daejeonensis''; "''D. xianganensis''" <small>Zheng et al. 2014</small>]
                                  |2=''D. sedimenti''
                                   }}
                                 }}
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
     }}
   }}
}}
|}

Species incertae sedis:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* "''D. aquivivus''" <small>Kaempferet al. 2008</small>
* ''D. arenicola'' <small>Cheng et al. 2024</small>
* "''D. gammatolerans''" <small>Srinivasan, Kang & Kim 2017</small>
* "''D. guangxiensis''" <small>Sun et al. 2009</small>
* ''D. hibisci'' <small>Moya et al. 2018</small> (in LTP, not GTDB)
* "''D. koreense''" <small>Kim, Kang & Srinivasan 2017 non Baek et al. 2018</small>
* ''D. papagonensis'' <small>Rainey & da Costa 2005</small> (in LTP, not GTDB)
* "''D. populi''" <small>Li, Kudo & Tonouchi 2018</small>
* "''D. sahariens''" <small>Bouraoui et al. 2012</small>
* "''D. soli''" <small>Zhang et al. 2011 non Cha et al. 2016</small> (in GTDB, not LTP)
* ''D. xibeiensis'' <small>Wang et al. 2010</small><ref name="wang"/>
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[List of bacteria genera]]
* [[List of bacterial orders]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Portal bar|Biology}}
{{Extremophile}}
{{Bacteria classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3021315|from2=Q15260006}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]
[[Category:Polyextremophiles]]
[[Category:Deinococcales]]