View source for Deep-submergence rescue vehicle

{{Short description|Submersible used for rescue of people from disabled submarines and submersibles}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2014}}
[[File:DSRV-Mystic.jpg|thumb|350px|The US Navy's {{ship|DSRV-1|Mystic}} docked to a {{Sclass|Los Angeles|submarine|0}} attack submarine]]

A '''deep-submergence rescue vehicle''' ('''DSRV''') is a type of [[deep-submergence vehicle]] used for rescue of personnel from disabled [[submarine]]s and [[submersible]]s. While DSRV is the term most often used by the [[United States Navy]], other nations have different designations for their equivalent vehicles.

==List of deep submergence rescue vehicles==
===Australia===
[[Australian Submarine Rescue Vehicle Remora|ASRV ''Remora'']] was the Australian navy's DSRV.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24845190-31477,00.html |title=Rescue system for submarines a failure |last=Stewart |first=Cameron |date=26 December 2008 |work=The Australian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206021852/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0%2C25197%2C24845190-31477%2C00.html |archive-date=6 February 2009 |access-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is based on a [[diving bell]] design.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

===China===
[[File:Submarine Rescue Exercise at RIMPAC 160713-N-GW536-005.jpg|thumb|Forum Energy Technologies (FET) built LR-7 being retrieved by The Chinese navy submarine rescue ship Changdao]]
The [[People's Republic of China]] has three [[Type 925 submarine support ship|Type 925 Dajiang class]] and three [[Type 926 submarine support ship|Type 926 class]]. Each ship is equipped with either two [[Type 7103 DSRV]] or one [[LR7]] crewed submersible undersea rescue vehicle.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

===Europe===
France, Norway and the UK share the [[NATO Submarine Rescue System]] programme.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

====Italy====
[[File:US Navy 050628-N-1464F-001 The Italian submarine rescue vehicle SRV-300 is launched from the Italian salvage ship Anteo.jpg|thumb|The Italian Navy rescue vehicle ''SRV-300'' launched from the Italian salvage ship ''Anteo''<ref>[http://www.marina.difesa.it/uominimezzi/navi/Pagine/Anteo.aspx Anteo (A 5309)]</ref>]]

[[Italy]] operates {{ship|Italian ship|Anteo|A5309|2}}, equipped with the SRV-300 submersible in a submarine rescue role <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/thefleet/ships/Pagine/Anteo.aspx |title=Marina Militare |website=www.marina.difesa.it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114620/http://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/thefleet/ships/Pagine/Anteo.aspx |archive-date=2014-08-26}}</ref>
* The SRV-300, built by [[Drass (company)|Drass-Galeazzi]], was delivered in 1999 and can operate up to {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} depth, hosting 12 persons in the rescue compartment. The submarine, modified as deployable in 2010 (and maybe updated for operations up to {{convert|450|m|ft|abbr=on|0|disp=comma}} depth), operates from the mother ship ''Anteo''.
* SRV-300 replaced MSM-1S/USEL, which was built by Cantieri Navali Breda (Venezia), launched on 11 November 1978, 13.2 t displacement, fitting 10 persons in the rescue compartment.
* SRV-300 will be replaced by a new version under development, the DRASS Galeazzi SRV-650 with a maximum depth of {{convert|650|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} and with an hosting capability of 15 persons in the rescue compartment, developed for operations from the new Italian future mother ship ARS / USSP .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drassgaleazzi.com/galleria_specifica.asp?G_ID=3&M_ID=4 |title=Drass Tecnologie Sottomarine |publisher=Drassgaleazzi.com |access-date=2014-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019063342/http://www.drassgaleazzi.com/galleria_specifica.asp?G_ID=3&M_ID=4 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Sweden ====
The [[Swedish Navy]] operates the submarine rescue ship {{HSwMS|Belos|A214|6}} which can carry the Swedish submarine rescue vessel [[URF (Swedish Navy)|URF]] (Swedish: ''Ubåtsräddningsfarkost'') as well as the British [[LR5]].

==== United Kingdom (NATO) ====
{{main|LR5}}
The [[United Kingdom]] operates the ''[[LR5]]'' submersible in a submarine rescue role built by [[Forum Energy Technologies|Forum Energy Technologies's Subsea Division]]. It previously operated the ''LR3'' built by [[Forum Energy Technologies|Slingsby Engineering, which became part of Forum Energy Technologies (FET)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/submarines/LR3.htm|title=LR3 - National Maritime History - NMH|publisher=Rnsubmus.co.uk|access-date=2014-02-13|archive-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232036/http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/submarines/LR3.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===India===
[[File:Indian Navy conducts maiden trials of its first Deep-submergence rescue vehicle (5).jpg|thumb|[[Indian Navy]] DSRV launched from a salvage ship]]
The [[Indian Navy]] inducted its first DSRV in November 2018 and second in 2019. They were acquired from James Fisher Defence in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Navy's Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV) Capability |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=184581 |website=pib.nic.in |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Navy's submarine rescue capability gets a boost - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-navys-submarine-rescue-capability-gets-a-boost/articleshow/66259739.cms |website=The Times of India |date=17 October 2018 |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Navy Acquires Deep Submarine Rescue Capabilities |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-navy-acquires-deep-submarine-rescue-capabilities-1931648 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>

It has the capability to rescue stranded mariners from depths of up to {{Convert|650|m|ft|abbr=on}} (and a detection range of 1 kilometre) and can run for about 3 hours. It also is equipped with an advanced [[Side-scan sonar|Side-Scan SONAR]], [[Robotic arm|Multifunctional Robotic Arms]] and advanced [[Camera]]s. As per an official, it takes a minimum 96 hour prep-time for the rescue operations to begin. One each is deployed on either coast of India, homeported at '''''[[Visakhapatnam]]''' (headquarters of [[Eastern Naval Command]]) and '''[[Mumbai]]''' (headquarters of [[Western Naval Command]]).'' They are Air-Transportable and launched from ships.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-20 |title=What is Deep Submarine Rescue Vehicle Demonstrated by Indian Navy At Exercise Milan 2024? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/what-is-deep-submarine-rescue-vehicle-demonstrated-by-indian-navy-at-exercise-milan-2024-article-107857461 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-21 |title=At Milan-24, Navy offers its submarine rescue capability |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/at-milan-24-navy-offers-its-submarine-rescue-capability-9172115/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, the Navy mobilised one of its DSRV to assist The [[Indonesian Navy]] in search and rescue efforts for the Indonesian Submarine [[KRI Nanggala (402)|KRI Nanggala]] which was reported missing.

These DSRVs will be deployed from the [[Nistar-class diving support vessel]]s which are under construction. These will aid submarine operations of the Indian Navy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Saurav |first=Jha |title=India's Undersea Deterrent |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/indias-undersea-deterrent/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408081504/https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/indias-undersea-deterrent/ |archive-date=8 April 2016 |access-date=2016-04-09 |website=The Diplomat}}</ref>

* DSAR 1
* DSAR 2

===Japan===
[[File:Japanese DSRV aboard Chihaya.jpg|thumb|The JMSDF DSRV ''Angler Fish 2'' aboard the submarine rescue ship JDS ''Chihaya'']]
The [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] operate two DSRVs with dedicated mother ships.
* {{ship|JS|Chihaya}} – ''Chihaya'' (ちはや, ASR-403).
* {{ship|JS|Chiyoda|2016}} – ''Chiyoda'' (ちよだ, ASR-404)

===South Korea===
The [[Republic of Korea Navy|Korean navy]] operates a submarine rescue ship called ''[[Cheonghaejin-class submarine rescue ship|Cheong Haejin]]''. It has a dedicated mother ship. The model is based on a modified British design.

===Russia===
[[Russia]] is believed to have one vessel of the [[Bester-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle|''Bester'' class]] and four of the [[Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle|''Priz'' class]], which was involved in the failed attempt to rescue the crew of [[Russian submarine Kursk (K-141)|''Kursk'']].

* {{Ship|Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle|AS-28||2}} (''Priz'' class)
* {{Ship|Russian submarine|AS-34||2}} (''Priz'' class)

===Singapore===
{{MV|Swift Rescue}}, launched 29 November 2008, is Singapore's first and only [[Submarine rescue ship|submarine recovery vessel]]. It is equipped with a deep submergence rescue vehicle.

The vessel consisted of a Submarine Support and Rescue Vessel (SSRV) SSRV mother vessel proper and an integrated Submarine Rescue Vehicle (SRV), built by ST Marine at its Benoi Shipbuilding Yard in Singapore with its UK joint venture partner JFD based on its proprietary Deep Search and Rescue (DSAR) 500 Class submarine rescue vehicle platform, It also has an underwater drone ROV and a helipad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MV Swift Rescue Submarine Support and Rescue Vessel (SSRV)|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/mv-swift-rescue-submarine-support-rescue-vessel/|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Naval Technology|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The Republic Of Singapore Navy has signed submarine rescue agreement with Australia, Indonesia,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonistics.com/2012/07/singapore-indonesia-ink-submarine-rescue-pact/|title=Singapore, Indonesia Ink Submarine Rescue Pact|date=July 11, 2012}}</ref> Malaysia, Vietnam,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://defencereviewasia.com/republic-of-singapore-navy-and-vietnam-peoples-navy-sign-submarine-rescue-memorandum-of-agreement/|title=Republic of Singapore Navy and Vietnam People's Navy Sign Submarine Rescue Memorandum of Agreement|first=Defence Review|last=Asia|date=September 11, 2013}}</ref> and United States to assist in submarine rescue efforts for their respective submarine fleets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MV Swift Rescue {{!}} Republic of Singapore Navy|url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/navy/MV_Swift_Rescue.HTM|access-date=2020-06-10|website=www.mindef.gov.sg|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=shipstamps.co.uk • View topic - SWIFT RESCUE|url=https://shipstamps.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?t=13647|access-date=2020-06-10|website=shipstamps.co.uk}}</ref>

===United States===
{{main|Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle|Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System}}
The mode of deployment for these [[United States]] submersibles is: fly the vehicle to the port closest to the incident; attach the vehicle to a host [[submarine]]; the host submarine travels to the incident site; rescue. The DSRVs were originally designed to work with {{USS|Pigeon|ASR-21|6}} and {{USS|Ortolan|ASR-22|6}}, but those two vessels have since been decommissioned and replaced by the [[Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System]].

* {{ship|DSRV-1|Mystic}} - Deactivation begun on 1 October 2008. Replaced with remotely operated tethered [[Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System|SRDRS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2008/10/navy_minisubs_100208/ |title=Long-serving rescue submarine replaced |publisher=Navytimes.com |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref>
* {{ship|DSRV-2|Avalon}} - currently at the Central Coast Maritime Museum, [[Morro Bay, California]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morrobaymaritime.org/fleet.html |title=Fleet |publisher=www.morrobaymaritime.org |access-date=2015-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223030116/http://morrobaymaritime.org/fleet.html |archive-date=2016-02-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Operation====
[[File:DSRV 2 Avalon 1.jpg|thumb|{{ship|DSRV-2|Avalon}} being loaded onto a [[Lockheed C-5 Galaxy]] for transport]]
The Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) is designed to rescue 24 people at a time at depths of up to {{convert|600|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}. Their maximum operating depth is {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}. Power is provided by two large batteries, one fore, and one aft that power the electrical, hydraulic and life support systems. The DSRV uses mercury in a completely sealed system to allow themselves to match any angle (up to 45°) in both pitch and roll so as to "mate" (attach) to a downed submarine that may be at an angle on the sea floor. The DSRV is capable of being transported by Air Force [[Lockheed C-5 Galaxy|C-5]] to anywhere in the world within 24 hours.

It is then loaded onto a "Mother Submarine" (MOSUB). The MOSUB then carries the DSRV to the rescue site where several trips are made to rescue all personnel. Rescue is usually accomplished by ferrying rescuees from the stranded sub to the MOSUB, however, they can also be taken to a properly equipped surface support ship.

In addition to a number of U.S. Navy submarines being outfitted for MOSUB capabilities, several NATO countries also have submarines outfitted to carry the U.S. Navy DSRV for rescue capability as needed. Both the UK and French Navies have such submarines.

The interior of the DSRV is composed of three spheres. The forward sphere is the "Control Sphere" where the DSRV's pilot and copilot operate the vehicle. The two aft spheres (known as Mid Sphere and Aft Sphere) are used to seat the rescuees or to install equipment for additional operations. Maneuvering is accomplished using four thrusters and one main [[propeller]].

==See also==
*{{annotated link|Escape trunk}}
*{{annotated link|Submarine rescue ship}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Deep submergence rescue vehicles}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBFYIW-EARM&t=83s Deep-Submergence Rescue Vehicle - US Navy 1973]
* [http://www.janes.com/defence/naval_forces/news/jni/jni010219_2_n.shtml Current submarine rescue services], [[Jane's Information Group]]
* {{cite journal |author=Eckenhoff, RG |title=Pressurized Submarine Rescue |journal=Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory Technical Report |volume=NSMRL-1021 |year=1984 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/8416 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415180700/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/8416 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |access-date=2013-03-15}}

{{Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries}}
{{Underwater diving|other}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deep-submergence rescue vehicles| ]]
[[Category:Lifeboats]]
[[Category:Ship types]]