View source for Dawee Chullasapya

{{Short description|Thai Air Force air marshal (1914–1996)}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = 
| name                = Dawee Chullasapya
| native_name         = ทวี จุลละทรัพย์
| native_name_lang    = th
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1914|08|08|df=y}}
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1996|05|18|1914|08|08|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Thonburi]], Siam
| death_place         = [[Bangkok]], Thailand
| image               = Dawee Chullasapya (9to12).jpg
| caption             = ACM Dawee Chullasapya in 1965
| office1             = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand]]
| primeminister1      = [[Kriangsak Chomanan]]
| term_start1         = 12 May 1979
| term_end1           = 3 March 1980
| primeminister2      = [[Seni Pramoj]]
| term_start2         = 20 April 1976
| term_end2           = 6 October 1976
| office3             = [[List of Defence Ministers of Thailand|Minister of Defence]]
| primeminister3      = [[Sanya Dharmasakti]]
| term_start3         = 14 October 1973
| term_end3           = 22 May 1974
| predecessor3        = [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]
| successor3          = [[Kruyn Sutathanin]]
| office4             = [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces]]
| monarch4            = 
| term_start4         = 1 October 1973
| term_end4           = 30 September 1974
| predecessor4        = [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]
| successor4          = [[Kris Sivara]]
| party               = [[Social Justice Party (Thailand)|Social Justice Party]]
| otherparty          = [[United Thai People's Party]]<br>[[Free Thai Movement]]
| spouse              = Aree Pinsang
| nickname            = 
| allegiance          = {{flag|Thailand}}
| serviceyears        = 
| rank                = [[File:RTA OF-9 (General).svg|15px]] [[General]] <br />[[File:RTN OF-9 (Admiral).svg|15px]] [[Admiral]]<br />[[File:RTAF OF-9 (Air Chief Marshal).svg|15px]] [[Air chief marshal]]
| branch              = {{Air force|Thailand}}
| commands            = [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces HQ]]
| unit                = 
| battles             = 
| awards              = 
| known_for           = Member of the [[International Olympic Committee]]
| signature           = ลายเซ็นทวี จุลละทรัพย์.png
}}

'''Dawee Chullasapya''' or '''Chullasap''' ({{langx|th|ทวี จุลละทรัพย์}}, {{RTGS|Thawi Chunlasap}}, {{IPA|th|tʰáwiː  t͡ɕunlásàp}}, 8 August 1914 – 18 May 1996) was a [[Royal Thai Air Force]] officer, and a member of the [[Seri Thai]].

Air chief marshal Dawee was widely considered a pillar of Thailand's sporting world. After a successful career in the military which saw him rise to Supreme Command chief of staff in 1961, he turned to politics and was appointed deputy defense minister in 1963. He later served as minister of transport and communications and of agriculture. Head of Thailand's National Olympic Committee for 22 years until his death, he was a member of the [[International Olympic Committee]] and a force behind the [[Southeast Asian Games]]. Dawee himself won a silver medal in [[sailing (sport)|sailing]] at the [[1970 Asian Games]].

After the October [[1973 Thai popular uprising]] he served as [[Ministry of Defence (Thailand)|defence minister]] and [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Headquarters]] until 1974. In 1976 and 1979/80 he was again [[Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand|deputy prime minister of Thailand]].

==Education==

He became a cadet at the Army Academy upon finishing secondary school, and graduated with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in 1935.

==Early career==
[[File:DaweeChullasapya1.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Pilot Dawee during World War II]]
Dawee soon joined the Air Force, and by 1938 had been promoted to [[flying officer]]. The young officer was soon enrolled in bombing and training courses with the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] and [[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]], and returned two years later to become commanding officer of the 3rd Fighter Squadron, whose base was at [[Don Mueang Royal Thai Air Force Base|Don Mueang]].

The conflict with French Indochina saw Dawee leading the 60th Fighter Squadron, which was composed of nine [[Hawk 75N]]s. On 24 January 1941, it was Dawee's fighters that escorted the  [[Ki-30 Nagoya]]s on the raid on the French airfield at [[Angkor Wat]].

[[Flight Lieutenant]] Dawee was a member of the last Thai military mission to Malaya in October 1941, and returned just days before the commencement of the [[Pacific War]].

==World War II==

===Early days===
At 08:00 on 8 December 1941, Flight Lieutenant Dawee Chullasapya and [[Pilot Officer]] Sangwaan Worasap rushed off in their Hawk 75Ns to pursue a lone Japanese reconnaissance plane cruising in the skies above Don Mueang. The chase was frantic, but ultimately the Japanese pilot was saved from being shot down when the two Thai pilots were ordered to stand down and return to base.

Dawee was sent later to serve as an attaché to [[General Yamashita]]'s headquarters at [[Alor Star]]. He accompanied the Japanese 25th Army to as far as [[Johore]] before being forced to return to [[Bangkok]] as a result of malarial infections.

===Working with Allies===
In March 1945, [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] Dawee was ordered to report to the Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief, who quickly presented the Wing Commander to the [[Pridi Phanomyong|Regent]] at his riverside residence. The  regent proceeded to explain that Dawee had been chosen to carry out liaison duties with the Allies in [[India]] on behalf of the [[Seri Thai]]. He was to leave on the night of 21 April by seaplane.

Dawee was to make the journey with three Americans: two [[Office of Strategic Services|OSS]] officers, Majors John Wester and Howard Palmer; and the [[Flying Tigers]]' "Black Mac" McGarry, who since being shot down in the Chiang Mai area in January 1942 had been in a POW camp. Also in tow were 2nd Lieutenant Wimon Wiriyawit, a Seri Thai officer, and Fon Saengsinkaew.

The party arrived in [[Madras]] some hours later, and Dawee continued on to [[Colombo]], where he met [[Sanguan Tularak]], a fellow Seri Thai agent. The sojourn in Ceylonese capital did not last long, however, as the Wing Commander was taken by Colonel John Coughlin of the OSS to meet [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]] at [[Kandy]]. There Dawee received his OSS codename, "Dicky Stone".

Wing Commander Dawee spent his time at Kandy studying aerial photographs of Thailand and assisting the bombing planners at [[South East Asia Command]] in selecting accurate Japanese military targets as opposed to Thai civilian ones. Dawee also received lessons in espionage and sabotage, and was forced to attend an intensive week-long OSS training course in [[Maryland]].

A  posting to [[Calcutta]] saw Dawee acting as a liaison officer at Mountbatten's American deputy, General [[Raymond B. Wheeler]]'s headquarters. The Thai again acted as a consultant to various USAAF bombing-run plans. He returned to Thailand a while later via seaplane. Dawee was to collect intelligence regarding Japanese troop dispositions, and to aid in the establishment of secret airfields for which the Allies could fly in agents and supplies to reinforce the Seri Thai.

The Wing Commander immediately reported back to Pridi's new residence at the [[Bang Pa-In Royal Palace|Bang Pa-In Summer Palace]], approximately 70&nbsp;km north of Bangkok.

The next week was spent surveying the Northeast for prospective airfield sites. The sites they chose was in [[Chaiyaphum Province]] and at Nonhan in Loei Province. The Royal Thai Air Force duly began construction, assisted in no little part by the Governor of Chaiyaphum, a man fully committed to the resistance, and by [[Khon Kaen]]'s chief Seri Thai officers, [[Tiang Sirikhanth]] and Chamlong Daoruang.

Dawee once more returned to Calcutta, and from there on he oversaw equipment drops by [[B-24]]s on [[Sakhon Nakhorn]], and accompanied a [[C-46]] to [[Kunming]] and [[Chungking]].

===Return to Thailand===
The airfields were ready by June, and Dawee was tasked to return to Thailand on board the first RAF [[C-47 Skytrain|C-47]] to fly into the country. [[Prince Yuthisathien Sawasdiwat]], a Seri Thai officer who had been parachuted in to evaluate the airfields, were waiting for him. On 14 June the plane landed, but the wheels sank into the ground. Once the supplies were unloaded, however, the airfield personnel were able to push the plane out of the mud and repair minor damage.

Dawee returned to Calcutta to pick up OSS Major Nicol Smith and Lloyd George, a civilian reports officer, and to bring them to Bangkok for direct talks with Pridi.

===End of war===
Dawee supervised the creation of a massive arms cache in the many classrooms of [[Thammasat University]], and returned to Calcutta on 10 August, where he celebrated the end of the war with the staff of SEAC.

==Postwar==
[[File:Dawee Chullasapya, Air Chief Marshal and Deputy Minister of Defense, Thailand (center), meets with Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara at the Pentagon.jpg|thumb|Dawee Chullasapya (center), meets with [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert S. McNamara]] at the Pentagon (1965)]]
Dawee accompanied [[Seni Pramoj]] back to Bangkok on September 16, and returned permanently on December 5, 1945, escorting the young King [[Ananda Mahidol]].

Dawee was the head of the organising committees for the [[1966 Asian Games|1966]] and [[1970 Asian Games]], both held in Bangkok. From 1973 to 1974, he was the [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters]]. In 1974, he became the president of the [[National Olympic Committee of Thailand]] and member of the [[International Olympic Committee]].<ref>{{Citation |url=http://library.la84.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1981/ore161/ORE161v.pdf |title=Thailand and Olympism |journal=Olympic Review |issue=161 |year=1981 |pages=175–180}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Dawee was vice minister of defence in [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]'s government from 1963 to 1969. In January 1969, he ordered the [[napalm]] bombing of [[Hmong people|Hmong]] villages in [[Phitsanulok Province]] who were suspected of fighting for the [[Communist Party of Thailand|communists]]. He stated: "They must be got rid of, once and for all."<ref>{{Citation |title=Air force napalms Hmong communist gurillas |work=Chronicle of Thailand: Headline News Since 1946 |publisher=Editions Didier Millet |year=2009 |page=165}}</ref> After Thailand had received a [[Constitution of Thailand#1968 constitution|new constitution in 1968]], Dawee joined the [[United Thai People's Party]], created by military leaders Thanom Kittikachorn and [[Praphas Charusathien]] in order to continue their rule under the guise of parliamentary system. Dawee became the secretary-general of that party. He then served as minister of communication and transport from 1969 to 1971.

After Thanom and Praphas’ [[self-coup]] in November 1971, that suspended the constitution, parliament and political parties again, Dawee served as minister of agriculture from 1972 to 1973. In December 1972, he led the negotiations with the Palestinian terrorist group [[Black September (group)|Black September]], who penetrated into the [[1972 Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis|Israeli embassy in Bangkok and held several hostages]]. Dawee could achieve the release of all the hostages and a bloodless end of the crisis. Instead of the hostages, Dawee and [[Chatichai Choonhavan]], then deputy foreign minister and future prime minister, accompanied the terrorists as surety on their freedom flight to Cairo.<ref>{{Citation |title=King Bhumibol Adulyadej: A Life's Work |publisher=Editions Didier Millet |year=2012 |page=126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/911728/the-big-issue-the-terrorists-who-didn%E2%80%99t|title = The big issue: The terrorists who didn't|newspaper = Bangkok Post| date=27 March 2016 | last1=Dawson | first1=Alan }}</ref>

After the [[1973 Thai popular uprising|popular uprising of 1973]], he was minister of defence under Prime Minister [[Sanya Dharmasakti]] and [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander of the Thai Armed Forces]] from 1973 to 1974. In December 1973, one and a half years before Thailand officially established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, Dawee and Chatichai {{mdash}}who was foreign minister by that time{{mdash}}were the first Thai government officials to visit [[Beijing]]. There, they negotiated a contract for the supply of 50,000 tons of diesel oil at a "friendship price" and promised to remove trade barriers between the two nations.<ref>{{citation|author=Gene T. Hsiao|title= The Foreign Trade of China: Policy, Law, and Practice|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|place=Berkeley/Los Angeles|year=1977|page=34}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Kim Woodard|place=Stanford, CA|title=The International Energy Relations of China|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=1980|page=226}}</ref>

In 1974, Dawee co-founded the [[Social Justice Party (Thailand)|Social Justice Party]], of which he became the chairman in 1976. He served as deputy prime minister and [[Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)|minister of public health]] under [[Seni Pramoj]], until the day of the [[Thammasat University massacre]], 6 October 1976. He was again deputy prime minister, this time under [[Kriangsak Chomanan]], from 1979 to 1980.

==Honours==
received the following royal decorations in the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Thailand|Honours System of Thailand]]:

* [[File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Knight Grand Cross of the Most Illustrious [[Order of Chula Chom Klao]]
* [[File:Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Knight Grand Cordon of the Most Exalted [[Order of the White Elephant]]
* [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Knight Grand Cordon of the Most Noble [[Order of the Crown of Thailand]]
* [[File:Order of Rama 2nd Class ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Knight Commander of the Honourable [[Order of Rama]]
* [[File:Bravery Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Bravery Medal
* [[File:Victory Medal - Indochina (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Victory Medal - [[Franco-Thai War]]
* [[File:Victory Medal - World War II (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Victory Medal - [[Pacific War]]
* [[File:Freeman Safeguarding Medal - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Freeman Safeguarding Medal, 1st Class
* [[File:Safeguarding the Constitution Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Safeguarding the Constitution Medal
* [[File:Medal for Service in the Interior - Asia (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Medal for Service Rendered in the Interior
* [[File:Border Service Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Border Service Medal
* [[File:Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Chakra Mala Medal
* [[File:The Boy Scout Citation Medal - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Boy Scout Citation Medal of Vajira, First Class
* [[File:King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] [[Ananda Mahidol|King Rama VIII]] Royal Cypher Medal, 4th
* [[File:King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King Rama IX]] Royal Cypher Medal, 2nd

===Foreign honours===

* {{flag|United States}} :
** [[File:Medal of Freedom stripe bronsepalme.svg|70x70px]] [[Medal of Freedom (1945)|Medal of Freedom]] with Bronze Palm (1947)
** [[File:US_Legion_of_Merit_Commander_ribbon.png|70x70px]] Commander of the [[Legion of Merit]] (1963)
** [[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|70x70px]] [[Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal|Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]]
** [[File:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|70x70px]] [[World War II Victory Medal]]
* {{flag|South Vietnam}} :
**[[File:VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[National Order of Vietnam]] (1955)
**[[File:Vietnam Kim Khanh Decoration ribbon-First Class.svg|70x70px]] Kim Khanh Decoration, First Class (1957)
* {{flag|Belgium}} :
**[[File:BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]] (1960)
* {{flag|Taiwan}} :
** [[File:Special Breast Order of Yun Hui.png|70x70px]] Order of the Yunhui, Special Class (1962)
** [[File:Order of the Cloud and Banner 1st.gif|70x70px]] Special Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Cloud and Banner]] (1960)
* {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] :
**[[File:ETH Order of the Star of Ethiopia - Grand Cross BAR.png|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Star of Ethiopia]] (1963)
* {{flag|Norway}} :
**[[File:St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav]] (1963)
* {{flag|Malaysia}}  :
**[[File:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_(Defender_of_the_Realm)-_PMN.svg|70x70px]] Honorary Commander of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1964. |url=https://www.istiadat.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1964.pdf}}</ref> (1964)
**[[File:Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia_-_SSM.svg|70x70px]] Honorary Grand Commander of the [[Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan. |url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/}}</ref>(1967)
*{{flag|South Korea}} :
**[[File:ROK Order of Service Merit (1st Class) Blue Stripes.png|70x70px]] [[Order of Service Merit]] with Blue Stripes, 1st Class (1966)
*{{flag|Indonesia}} :
**[[File:Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna rib.svg|70x70px]] [[Star of the Republic of Indonesia]], Adipurna Class (1966)
*{{Flag|Iran|1964}} :
**[[File:Order of the Lion and the Sun (Iran). Medal.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun|Order of Homayoun]] with Sash (1967)
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} :
**[[File:Order of the British Empire (Military) Ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Honorary Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (1968)
*{{flag|Japan}} :
**[[File:JPN Zuiho-sho (WW2) 1Class BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Sacred Treasure]] (1969)
*{{flag|Kingdom of Laos}} : 
**[[File:LAO Order of the a Million Elephants and the White Parasol - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol]] (1969)
*{{flag|Sweden}} : 
**[[File:Royal Order of the Sword - Commander Grand Cross BAR.svg|70x70px]] Commander Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of the Sword]] (1969)
*{{flag|Austria}} : 
**[[File:AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_3rd_Class_BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]] with Sash (1972)
*{{flag|Philippines}} :
**[[File:PHI Legion of Honor 2003 Commander BAR.svg|70x70px]] Commander of the [[Philippine Legion of Honor]]

===Military rank===
* [[General]], [[Admiral]] and [[Air Chief Marshal]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180801003623/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2506/D/090/2119.PDF] {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

===Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand rank===
* [[Volunteer Defense Corps (Thailand)|Volunteer Defense Corps General]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180731213232/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2508/D/058/1.PDF] {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{National Olympic Committee of Thailand Presidents}}
{{Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chullasapya, Dawee}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Thai Air Force air marshals|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Defence Forces (Thailand)|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th House of Representatives of Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Ministers of transport of Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Thai International Olympic Committee members|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Thai male sailors (sport)|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in sailing]]
[[Category:Sailors at the 1970 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Honorary grand commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Union of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Ministers of agriculture and cooperatives of Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Ministers of public health of Thailand|Dawee Chullasapya]]
[[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:20th-century Thai sportsmen|Dawee Chullasapya]]