View source for David W. Taylor

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{{Other people|David Taylor}}
{{Infobox military person
|name         = David Watson Taylor
|birth_date         = {{Birth date|1864|3|4}}
|death_date         = {{Death date and age|1940|7|28|1864|3|4}}
|birth_place = [[Louisa County, Virginia]], C.S.
|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
|image        =David Watson Taylor in 1917.jpg
|caption      = Taylor in 1917
|nickname     = 
|allegiance= [[United States of America]]
|branch={{Naval|United States|navy-1864}}
|serviceyears =  
|rank         = [[Image:US-O8 insignia.svg|25px]] [[Rear admiral (United States)|Rear admiral]]
|commands     = 
|unit         = 
|awards       = [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal|Distinguished Service Medal]] <br/> [[Légion d'honneur|Legion of Honor]] <br/> [[John Fritz Medal]]<br>[[Franklin Medal]] (1917)
|laterwork    = 
}}
'''David Watson Taylor''' (March 4, 1864 &ndash; July 28, 1940) was an American [[naval architect]] and an [[engineer]] in the [[United States Navy]].  He served during [[World War I]] as Chief Constructor of the Navy, and Chief of the [[Bureau of Construction and Repair]]. Taylor is best known as the man who constructed the first experimental [[Ship model basin|towing tank]] ever built in the United States.

==Early life and education==
Taylor was born in Louisa County, Virginia, [[Confederate States of America]]. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1881, after graduating from Randolph-Macon College where he was a member of [[Phi Kappa Psi]].<ref name=gc1910pystages>{{cite book |title=Grand Catalogue of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity |date=February 1, 1910 |page=97 |via=Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuwCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA97 |access-date=January 22, 2022 |last1=Psi|first1=Phi Kappa}}</ref> He graduated from the Academy in 1885 at the head of his class, setting a scholarship record, which still stands today. He was then sent to Greenwich England in 1885 and received the highest honors of the [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich]] in 1888, again setting a record.

==Career==
[[File:US Experimental Model Basin - interior view, c. 1900.jpg|thumb|Experimental Model Basin, c. 1900]]
In August 1886, Taylor was appointed an assistant naval constructor. Early in his naval career he served on various stations and in 1909 acted as chief of the navy's [[Bureau of Construction and Repair]]. In 1895 he was the first American honored by award of a gold medal of the British [[Royal Institution of Naval Architects|Institute of Naval Architects]].<ref name="NAS_DWT">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/taylor-david-w.pdf  |title=National Academy Of Sciences Biographical Memoirs of David Watson Taylor |website=www.nasonline.org |date= |access-date=}}</ref> 

In 1898 he constructed and had charge of the first experimental tank for models of war vessels built in the United States. He was connected with boards dealing with hull changes of naval vessels.  In probably the greatest achievement of his career he created the "[[Taylor Standard Series]]" of 80 models with systematically varying proportions and prismatic coefficient.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/speedpowerofship00tayluoft/speedpowerofship00tayluoft/page/n3/mode/2up |title=The Speed and Power of Ships |author=D. W. Taylor |publisher=Washington |year=1910 |via=archive.org |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref>  This series is still used for preliminary estimates of ship resistance for twin screw, moderate to high speed naval ships.  The book was revised in 1933 with the addition of data on 40 new models.  The series data was re-analyzed using more recent methods of evaluating friction resistance, and the results were published in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13778584M/A_reanalysis_of_the_original_test_data_for_the_Taylor_standard_series. |title=A Reanalysis of the Original Test Data for the Taylor Standard Series |author=Dr. Morton Gertler |work=David Taylor Model Basin Report No. 806 |year=1954 |via=openlibrary.org |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> Both "Speed and Power" and the Reanalysis were republished by the [[Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers]] in 1998, the centennial of the EMB.

The Taylor Standard series allows variation of the slenderness ratio, beam to draft ratio, and prismatic coefficient.  While these are far from the only parameters that can be varied in a warship's hull design, it is possible to get a preliminary estimate of ship resistance from the series for essentially all warships, and many merchant ships, built since Taylor's time.  Taylor's main contribution was to recognize that these three simple parameters were the critical ones for ship performance.  A Taylor Standard Series estimate is accurate enough to plan the model test and to develop an idea of how much power will be required to achieve design speed, prior to model testing the actual hull form.  Today the Taylor Standard Series has been programmed in electronic form and is used in several ship "synthesis models" to do feasibility studies for new ships.

After the ''[[RMS Titanic]]'' disaster of 1912, he was assigned to investigate the problem of making ships more seaworthy through better hull construction. On this duty, he served under the [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]] and took a leading part in the International Conference on Safety at Sea, which grew out of the ''Titanic'' sinking.

===Taylor as Chief Constructor of the Navy during World War I===
On December 14, 1914, a few months after the outbreak of war in Europe, Taylor became chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair, with the rank of [[rear admiral]] on December 14, 1914.  He held that post throughout the war, along with the title of Chief Constructor of the Navy. 

Taylor's active interest in aviation was stimulated by his appointment as a representative of the government on the [[United States National Research Council|National Research Council]] in 1916. In January, 1917, he was senior member of the Joint Army and Navy Technical Board for Design and Construction of a [[Zeppelin]]-type [[airship]]. 

Through the World War, Taylor supervised the creation of numbers of new ships for naval service. For this work the navy bestowed upon him the [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal|Distinguished Service Medal]], with the citation: "For exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility as Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair." The [[France|French]] government made him a Commander of the [[Légion d'honneur|Legion of Honor]].

Taylor also aided in the development of the [[Curtiss NC|NC-type]] [[flying boat]], the first aircraft to make a [[transatlantic flight]].

Taylor remained the head of the Bureau of Construction and Repair until 1922.<ref name="NAS_DWT" />

===Aeronautical activities post World War I===
After his retirement from active service in 1923, Taylor focused his attention on aeronautics.  He played a major role in promoting aviation's technical development, serving on several committees of the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA), the precursor of the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]].  Taylor served as chairman of NACA's Subcommittee on Aeronautical Inventions and Designs after the subcommittee was organized in March 1927. Later that year, he was made chairman of the Subcommittee on Aerodynamics. 

Long recognized as an international authority on [[naval architecture]] and [[Marine propulsion|marine engineering]]. Taylor applied the principles of [[hydrodynamics]] to the problem of [[aerodynamics]]. Following this new field of aviation, Taylor became one of the foremost authorities in the world in aerodynamics. He specialized on problems connected with the design of aircraft propellers and of seaplane floats and flying-boat hulls.

In 1931, Taylor was awarded the [[John Fritz Medal]], the highest honor of the American engineering profession, "for outstanding achievement in marine architecture, for revolutionary results of persistent research in hull design, for improvements in many types of warships and for distinguished service as chief constructor for the United States Navy during the World War."

==Later life and death==
Shortly before his death, the navy's Research and Development community honored Taylor by naming its new model basin after him.  The new model basin constructed at [[Carderock, Maryland]], the finest facility of its kind in the world, was dedicated as the [[David Taylor Model Basin]] in his presence in 1939.  The Model Basin retains his name as a living memorial to this distinguished naval architect and marine engineer.  

Taylor died in [[Washington, D.C.]], on July 28, 1940.

==Legacy==
Taylor was influential in the development of the United States Navy's superiority. In addition to the Model Basin, the Navy has honored Taylor's legacy in several ways. In 1942 the [[destroyer]] [[USS David W. Taylor (DD-551)|''David W. Taylor'']] (DD-551) was named in his honor. The Navy's [[David W. Taylor Award]] recognizes outstanding scientific achievement, awarded for a contribution to the development of future maritime systems through the creation of technology based upon research. In 1907 he was conferred with Honorary Membership of the [[Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland]].<ref name=IESIS>{{cite web |title=Honorary Fellows of IESIS |url=http://www.iesis.org/honorary-fellows.html |website=www.iesis.org |date= |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref>

The [[Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers]] awards the [[David W. Taylor Medal]] for "notable achievement in [[naval architecture]] and/or [[Marine propulsion|marine engineering]]."

The [[SS President Cleveland (1947)|SS ''President Cleveland'']] 
was intended to be named USS ''Admiral D. W. Taylor''.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904062841/http://www.navsea.navy.mil/nswc/carderock/pub/who/heritage/taylor.aspx Navy biography of David Taylor]
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/2/CgZ0YXlsb3ISBWRhdmlk/ Arlington National Cemetery]
{{John Fritz Medal|state=collapsed}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Taylor, David}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Virginia]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich]]
[[Category:People from Louisa County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal]]
[[Category:United States Naval Academy alumni]]
[[Category:United States Navy admirals]]
[[Category:John Fritz Medal recipients]]
[[Category:American naval architects]]
[[Category:Recipients of Franklin Medal]]