View source for Daniel Brewster

{{short description|American politician (1923–2007)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Daniel Brewster
| image               = Danielbrewster.jpg
| jr/sr               = United States Senator
| state               = [[Maryland]]
| term_start          = January 3, 1963
| term_end            = January 3, 1969
| predecessor         = [[John Marshall Butler]]
| successor           = [[Charles Mathias]]
| state1              = [[Maryland]]
| district1           = {{ushr|MD|2|2nd}}
| term_start1         = January 3, 1959
| term_end1           = January 3, 1963
| predecessor1        = [[James Devereux]]
| successor1          = [[Clarence Long]]
| office2             = Member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]]
| term_start2         = 1950
| term_end2           = 1958
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = 
| birth_name          = Daniel Baugh Brewster Jr.
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1923|11|23}}
| birth_place         = [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2007|8|19|1923|11|23}}
| death_place         = [[Glyndon, Maryland]], U.S.
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|Carol Leiper DeHavenon|1954|1967|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Anne Moen Bullitt]]|1967|1969|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|Judy Aarsand|1976}}
| children            = 5
| relatives           = [[Benjamin H. Brewster]] (great-grandfather)
| education           = [[Princeton University]]<br>[[Johns Hopkins University]]<br>[[University of Maryland, Baltimore]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| allegiance          = [[United States]]
| branch              = [[United States Marine Corps]]
| rank                = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
| serviceyears        = 1942–1946 (active)<br>1946–1972 (reserve)
| unit                = [[United States Marine Corps Reserve]]
| battles             = [[World War II]]<br>{{*}}[[Battle of Guam (1944)|Battle of Guam]]<br>{{*}}[[Battle of Okinawa]]
| mawards             = [[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]]<br>[[Purple Heart]] (2)
}}
'''Daniel Baugh Brewster Sr.''' (November 23, 1923 – August 19, 2007) was an American  attorney and politician from the state of [[Maryland]]. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], he served in both chambers of the [[United States Congress]] as a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1959 to 1963 and as a member of the [[United States Senate]] from 1963 to 1969. Previously, he served as a member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] from 1950 to 1958 and  from [[Maryland's 2nd congressional district]] from 1959 to 1963. After his Senate career, and following a lengthy court battle, Brewster pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of accepting an illegal gratuity.

==Early life, education, and military service==
Daniel Baugh Brewster, Sr. was born on November 23, 1923, in [[Baltimore County, Maryland]], in the Green Spring Valley Region. He was the oldest of six children of Ottolie Y. (Wickes) and Daniel Baugh Brewster.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/16/archives/daniel-baugh-brewster-vice-president-of-fidelity-trust-co-of.html?sq=Daniel%2520Baugh%2520Brewster&scp=3&st=cse Obituary: "Daniel Baugh Brewster"] ''New York Times.'' May 16, 1934.</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/08/24/the-fall-and-rise-of-dan-brewster-life-close-to-the-land/358114de-4315-4550-97cd-0d183aafe835/|title=The Fall and Rise of Dan Brewster: Life Close to the Land |work=Washington Post |last=Kernan |first=Michael |date=August 24, 1978}}</ref> Brewster was born into a wealthy family and was "raised in comfort on a beautifully appointed farm in Maryland fox-hunting country". ''[[Washington Post|The Washington Post]]'' described him as an "inheritor of the Baugh Chemical fortune". His father died when he was 10 years of age.<ref name="auto1"/>

===Education===
Brewster was educated at the [[Gilman School]] in [[Baltimore|Baltimore City]] and at [[St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)|St. Paul's School]] in [[Concord, New Hampshire]]. He attended college at [[Princeton University]] and [[Johns Hopkins University]] before the U.S. entry into [[World War II]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=b000813|title=Brewster, Daniel Baugh (1923-2007) |website=bioguideretro.congress.gov |access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

After the war, Brewster again attended Johns Hopkins.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Brewster |first=Daniel B. |date=February 9, 1966 |title=Statement of Daniel B. Brewster |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBA2AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA238 |magazine=U.S. Senate Hearing Record: Subcommittee On Judicial Machinery of the Committee On the Judiciary |location=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=238 |via=[[Google Books]] |quote="... I also attended both institutions and am a graduate of the University of Maryland..."}}</ref> He then enrolled at the [[University of Maryland, Baltimore|University of Maryland Law School]], from which he graduated with an [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] degree in June 1949.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 4, 1949 |title=To Graduate From U. of M. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-mje-college-grad-u-of/57339797/ |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |location=Baltimore, MD |page=9 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the bar]] in November 1949 and began practicing law in [[Towson, Maryland]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1949 |title=94 Admitted To State Bar |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-admitted/137097631/ |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |location=Baltimore, MD |page=11 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
[[File:1943 Marine Uniform BW headshot.jpg|left|thumb|346x346px|19-year-old Marine Lieutenant Daniel B. Brewster was wounded seven times during the battles for Guam and Okinawa and was awarded both the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.]]

===Military service===
In 1942, Brewster enlisted in the [[United States Marine Corps]].<ref name="auto" /> He was commissioned from the ranks in 1943. During [[World War II]], he served in the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific theatre]], including participating in the [[Battle of Guam (1944)|Battle of Guam]] and the [[Battle of Okinawa]]. For his actions during the war, he received a [[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]]. He was wounded seven times, receiving a [[Purple Heart]] and a Gold Star in lieu of a second award.<ref name="auto2" /> He left active duty in 1946 but continued in the [[Marine Forces Reserve|Reserve]] until 1972, reaching the rank of colonel.<ref name=ArchiveUM>{{cite web 
 |access-date=December 19, 2008 
 |url=http://www.lib.umd.edu/archivesum/actions.DisplayEADDoc.do?source=MdU.ead.histms.0064.xml&style=ead 
 |title=Daniel Brewster papers 
 |publisher=Archival Collections at the University of Maryland Libraries 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117003403/http://www.lib.umd.edu/archivesum/actions.DisplayEADDoc.do?source=MdU.ead.histms.0064.xml&style=ead 
 |archive-date=January 17, 2010 
 }}</ref>

==Political career==
===Maryland House of Delegates (1950-1958)===
Brewster, a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]],<ref name=ArchiveUM/> was elected as to the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] in 1950.<ref name="auto"/> At age 26, he was one of the youngest members of Maryland's state legislature in history.<ref name="auto1" /> He served in the House of Delegates until 1958.<ref name="auto"/>
[[File:1958 Brewster for Congress Poster.jpg|left|thumb|303x303px|A 1958 campaign poster for Daniel Brewster in his run for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]].]]

===U.S. House of Representatives (1959-1963)===
In 1958, Brewster was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] from the 2nd district of Maryland, defeating the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] candidate, [[J. Fife Symington Jr.]] He was a member of the House during the Eighty-sixth (1959–1961) and Eighty-seventh Congresses (1961–1963), serving on the [[United States House Committee on Armed Services]] and on the subcommittee on Military Personnel, Manpower Utilization, and Emergency Defense Transportation.<ref name=ArchiveUM/> As a member of the House, Brewster voted for the [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h102|title=HR 8601. PASSAGE. -- House Vote #102 -- Mar 24, 1960|website=GovTrack.us}}</ref>
[[File:132 1962 DBB JFK in Oval office.jpg|left|thumb|[[John F. Kennedy|President John F. Kennedy]] invites Daniel Brewster to meet with him in the [[Oval Office]] after endorsing Brewster's campaign for the United States Senate in 1962.]]

===U.S. Senate (1963-1969)===
In 1962, Brewster ran for the [[United States Senate]] seat vacated by the retiring Republican senator [[John Marshall Butler]]. He defeated Congressman [[Edward Tylor Miller]] to become the first Democrat elected to the Senate from Maryland since 1946.<ref name=ArchiveUM/> Brewster served in the Senate from 1963 to 1969. In the Senate, Brewster voted in favor of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Acts of 1964]] and the [[Civil Rights Act of 1968]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346|title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN … -- Senate Vote #346 -- Mar 11, 1968|website=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s409|title=HR. 7152. PASSAGE. -- Senate Vote #409 -- Jun 19, 1964|website=GovTrack.us}}</ref> as well as the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]] and the confirmation of [[Thurgood Marshall]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1965/s78|title=TO PASS S. 1564, THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965. -- Senate Vote #78 -- May 26, 1965|website=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176|title=CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT.|work=GovTrack.us}}</ref> Brewster was instrumental in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.<ref name=nytobit>{{cite news|title=Daniel B. Brewster, 83, Former Senator, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/washington/27brewster.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A10%22%7D|access-date=10 October 2014|work=The New York Times|date=27 August 2007}}</ref>

Brewster sought re-election to the Senate in 1968. However, "his complicated personal life, his support of the Vietnam War and his increasingly serious problems with alcohol took their toll", and he was defeated by Republican [[Charles Mathias]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001900/001976/html/sun21aug2007.html|title=Senator, war hero backed civil rights |work=Baltimore Sun |date= August 21, 2007|last1=Kay |first1=Liz|last2=Rasmussen |first2=Frederick}}</ref>

In 1978, Brewster stated that the greatest mistake he made in his public life was his support for the Vietnam War.<ref name="auto1"/>
[[File:1964-6 DBB LBJ Oval Office post-Wallace Thanks.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lyndon B. Johnson|President Lyndon Johnson]] invites Senator Daniel Brewster to the [[Oval Office]] to thank him for running as Johnson's stand-in in the 1964 Maryland Democratic presidential primary.]]

===1964 presidential election===
In 1964, Brewster ran in the [[Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1964|Democratic presidential primaries]] against segregationist [[George Wallace]]. As [[Lyndon Johnson]] refused to run nationally, "[[favorite son]]s" were run in his place against Wallace, such as [[Matthew E. Welsh]] of Indiana and [[John W. Reynolds (Wisconsin governor)|John W. Reynolds]] of Wisconsin. Brewster won his state's primary but was embarrassed by Wallace's showing of 43 percent; he barely carried Baltimore County.<ref name="Balt640530">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-primary-vote-now-offic/131110716/|date=May 30, 1964|page=7|title=Primary Vote Now Official: Brewster Defeats Wallace By 52,247|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=September 2, 2023}}</ref><!-- Sat -->

==Legal troubles==
In 1969, Brewster was [[indictment|indicted]] on 10 [[felony|criminal]] counts of [[Political corruption|solicitation and acceptance of bribes]] while a United States senator,<ref name="Grossman2003">{{cite book
|title=Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed
|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalcorrupt0000gros
|url-access=registration
|first=Mark |last=Grossman
|publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2003
|chapter=United States versus Brewster, 408 US 501 (1972)
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicalcorrupt0000gros/page/343 343–344] |isbn=1-85109-492-X }}</ref> as well as two counts of accepting illegal gratuities.<ref name="ArchiveUM" /> The charges stemmed from a campaign contribution by [[Spiegel (catalog)|Spiegel, Inc.]], a mail-order firm.  Brewster maintained his innocence.<ref name="BostonGlobe_Lamb_20070822">{{cite news|access-date=December 19, 2008
|url=http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2007/08/22/daniel_baugh_brewster_served_in_us_senate/
|title=Daniel Baugh Brewster; served in US Senate
|first=Yvonne Shinhoster |last=Lamb
|work=The Boston Globe
|agency=The Washington Post
| date=August 22, 2007}}</ref>

At trial, the judge dismissed five of the charges, saying that Brewster's actions were protected under the [[Speech or Debate Clause]] of the U.S. Constitution. The prosecution appealed directly to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], which heard the case in 1971 and 1972. In June 1972, the Court held 6 to 3 in ''United States v. Brewster'' that the taking of illegal bribes was not protected speech, as taking of a bribe was not part of the "performance of a legislative function".<ref name="Grossman2003" /><ref>{{cite journal |first=Sam J. Jr. |last=Ervin |title=The ''Gravel'' and ''Brewster'' Cases: An Assault on Congressional Independence |journal=[[Virginia Law Review]] |volume=59 |issue=2 |year=1973 |pages=175–195 |doi=10.2307/1071992 |jstor=1071992 }}</ref>

The charges were reinstated. Brewster stood trial and was found "not guilty" of the bribery charges but was convicted of accepting an unlawful gratuity "without corrupt intent." However, in August 1974,<ref name="Grossman2003" />  his conviction was overturned on appeal due to the trial judge's improper instructions to the jury.<ref name="ArchiveUM" /> In 1975, he pleaded [[nolo contendere|no contest]] to a single misdemeanor charge of accepting an illegal gratuity "without corrupt intent" and was fined and allowed to keep his law license. The government dropped the other charges.<ref>{{cite news | work =The New York Times | date = June 26, 1975 | title = Ex-senator Brewster pleads no contest | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1975/06/26/archives/exsenator-brewster-pleads-no-contest-is-fined.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/battles-baxmeyer.html|title=The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Battlefield to Baxmeyer|website=politicalgraveyard.com}}</ref>[[File:1967 DBB Military Color (March).jpg|thumb|Daniel Brewster retired from the [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] as a [[Colonel]] after thirty years of service.]]
==Post-Senate career==
After leaving the Senate, Brewster took up farming in [[Glyndon, Maryland]].<ref name="auto" />

As of 1978, Brewster operated his farm, worked as an alcoholism counselor at a veterans' hospital, led the Governor's Advisory Council on Alcoholism, and worked at "a quarter-way house in Baltimore".<ref name="auto1"/>

==Personal life and death==
Brewster married Carol Leiper DeHavenon of Philadelphia in 1954. The couple had two sons, Daniel Baugh Brewster, Jr. (born 1956) and Gerry Leiper Brewster (born 1958).<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/09/AR2010020903808.html Obituary: "Carol L. Brewster"] ''Washington Post.'' February 10, 2010.</ref>

In 1967, Brewster "attended the funeral of William Bullitt, the U.S. ambassador to France. There, he became reacquainted with [[Anne Moen Bullitt|Anne Bullitt]], Mr. Bullitt's daughter and Mr. Brewster's first fiancee, who had jilted the senator while he was overseas during the war". Brewster divorced his first wife.<ref name="auto2"/> On April 29, 1967, he married Anne Bullitt (1924–2007) at [[Glyndon, Maryland]].<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E4DE113AF931A3575AC0A9619C8B63&scp=1&sq=Anne%20Moen%20Bullitt%20Biddle&st=cse Obituary: "Anne Moen Bullitt Biddle"] ''New York Times.'' September 2, 2007.</ref> Brewster's second marriage also ended in divorce.<ref name="auto2"/>

Brewster was an alcoholic. According to his account, his drinking began to spiral out of control in 1964; by 1969, he was "'drinking with a vengeance'", and he almost died following an "alcoholic collapse". He sought inpatient rehabilitation multiple times, and reportedly became sober in 1973.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 1976, Brewster married Judy Lynn Aarsand after meeting her at an alcohol treatment facility.<ref name="auto2"/> The couple had three children, Danielle (born 1977) and twins Jennilie and Dana (born 1979).<ref name=ArchiveUM/> Judy died on October 11, 2024, at her home in [[Stuart, Florida]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rasmussen |first1=Frederick N. |title=Judy L. Brewster, businesswoman and wife of the late Maryland US Sen. Daniel B. Brewster, dies |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/10/25/judy-l-brewster-dies/ |access-date=October 25, 2024 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=October 25, 2024}}</ref>

Brewster survived large cell lymphoma and leukemia in the 1980s.<ref name="auto2"/>

Brewster died of liver cancer on August 19, 2007, at age 83. He was the last living former U.S. senator who left office in the 1960s.<ref name=nytobit/><ref name=BostonGlobe_Lamb_20070822/>  He is buried at [[St. Thomas Church (Owings Mills, Maryland)|Saint Thomas' Episcopal Church Cemetery, Owings Mills, Maryland]].<ref name="auto" />

==Legacy==
Several individuals who served on Brewster's Senate staff in the 1960s later became politically prominent, including [[Nancy Pelosi]] and [[Steny Hoyer]].<ref name=WashingtonPost_Weisman-Romano_20061116>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/15/AR2006111501521.html |title=Pelosi Splits Democrats With Push For Murtha |author=Weisman, Jonathan and Lois Romano |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 16, 2006}}</ref>

In 2023, a biography of Brewster by John W. Frece, ''Self-Destruction: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of U.S. Senator Daniel B. Brewster'', was published by [[Loyola University Maryland]]'s Apprentice House Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War Hero and U.S. Senator Danny Brewster Had It All, and It Nearly Killed Him. What Happened? {{!}} Apprentice House Press / Loyola University Maryland |url=https://www.apprenticehouse.com/war-hero-and-u-s-senator-danny-brewster-had-it-all-and-it-nearly-killed-him-what-happened/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[[List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes]]
*[[List of federal political scandals in the United States]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[James P. Devereux]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Maryland|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Maryland's 2nd congressional district]]|years=1959–1963}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Clarence Long]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George P. Mahoney]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of United States Senators from Maryland|U.S. Senator]] from [[Maryland]]<br>([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 3]])|years=[[1962 United States Senate election in Maryland|1962]], [[1968 United States Senate election in Maryland|1968]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Barbara Mikulski]]}}
|-
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Marshall Butler]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States senators from Maryland|U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Maryland]]|years=1963–1969|alongside=[[J. Glenn Beall]], [[Joseph Tydings]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles Mathias]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{USSenMD}}
{{United States presidential election, 1964}}
{{USCongRep-start|congresses= 86th–90th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Maryland]]}}
{{USCongRep/MD/86}}
{{USCongRep/MD/87}}
{{USCongRep/MD/88}}
{{USCongRep/MD/89}}
{{USCongRep/MD/90}}
{{USCongRep-end}}
{{Benjamin Franklin}}
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Maryland General Assembly]]
[[Category:Bullitt family]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1964 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Maryland]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver cancer in the United States]]
[[Category:Democratic Party United States representatives from Maryland]]
[[Category:Democratic Party United States senators from Maryland]]
[[Category:Franklin family]]
[[Category:Gilman School alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Politicians from Baltimore]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps colonels]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II]]<!-- Please leave both Marine Corps categories -- appropriate as Brewster enlisted and was later commissioned -->
[[Category:United States Marine Corps reservists]]
[[Category:University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century United States senators]]
[[Category:20th-century United States representatives]]