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{{Short description|Solids, liquids, or gases harmful to people, other organisms, property or the environment}}
{{Redirect|HazMat|other uses|Hazmat (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Dangerous cargo|the 1954 film|Dangerous Cargo}}

[[File:HAZMAT training.jpg|thumb|right|An emergency medical technician team training as rescue (grey suits) and decontamination (green suits) respondents to hazardous material and toxic contamination situations]]
[[File:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg|thumb|The [[GHS hazard pictograms|pictogram]] for poisonous substances of the [[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals]]]]
'''Dangerous goods''' are substances that are a risk to health, safety, property or the [[Natural environment|environment]] during transport. Certain dangerous goods that pose risks even when not being transported are known as '''hazardous materials''' ([[syllabic abbreviation|syllabically abbreviated]] as '''HAZMAT''' or '''hazmat'''). An example of dangerous goods is [[hazardous waste]] which is [[waste]] that threatens [[public health]] or the environment.<ref name="RCRA">{{cite web |title=Resources Conservation and Recovery Act |url=http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/lrca.html#Solid%20Wastes |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130626171617/http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/lrca.html%23Solid%20Wastes |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 26, 2013 |publisher=US EPA}}</ref>

Hazardous materials are often subject to [[Regulation of chemicals|chemical regulations]]. Hazmat teams are personnel specially trained to handle dangerous goods, which include materials that are [[radioactive]], [[flammable]], [[explosive]], [[corrosive]], [[oxidizer|oxidizing]], [[asphyxiant gas|asphyxiating]], [[biohazard]]ous, [[Toxicity|toxic]], [[poison]]ous, [[pathogen]]ic, or [[allergen]]ic. Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.

Dangerous goods are often indicated by diamond-shaped signage on the item (see [[NFPA 704]]), its container, or the building where it is stored. The color of each diamond indicates its hazard, e.g., flammable is indicated with red, because fire and heat are generally of red color, and explosive is indicated with orange, because mixing red (flammable) with yellow (oxidizing agent) creates orange. A nonflammable and nontoxic gas is indicated with green, because all compressed air vessels were this color in France after World War II, and France was where the diamond system of hazmat identification originated.

{{TOC level|3}}

==Global regulations==
{{See also|Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals}}

The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. The [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] issues the ''[[UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods]]'', which form the basis for most regional, national, and international regulatory schemes. For instance, the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] has developed dangerous goods regulations for air transport of hazardous materials that are based upon the UN model but modified to accommodate unique aspects of air transport. Individual airline and governmental requirements are incorporated with this by the [[International Air Transport Association]] to produce the widely used [[IATA]] ''Dangerous Goods Regulations'' (DGR).<ref name="DGR">{{cite web|url=http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/cargo/dgr/Pages/index.aspx|publisher=[[IATA]]|title=Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423182809/http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/cargo/dgr/Pages/index.aspx|archive-date=2014-04-23}}</ref> Similarly, the [[International Maritime Organization]] (IMO) has developed the [[International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code]] ("IMDG Code", part of the [[International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea]]) for transportation of dangerous goods by sea. IMO member countries have also developed the [[HNS Convention]] to provide compensation in case of dangerous goods spills in the sea.

The [[Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail]] has developed the regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the [[Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail]]). Many individual nations have also structured their dangerous goods transportation regulations to harmonize with the UN model in organization as well as in specific requirements.

The [[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals]] (GHS) is an internationally agreed upon system set to replace the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries. The GHS uses consistent criteria for classification and labeling on a global level.

=== UN numbers and proper shipping names ===
{{See also|List of UN Numbers}}
Dangerous goods are assigned to UN numbers and proper shipping names according to their hazard classification and their composition. Dangerous goods commonly carried are listed in the Dangerous Goods list.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://unece.org/rev-21-2019 |title=Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations |publisher=United Nations |edition=Twentyfirst |volume=I |chapter=2.0.2 UN numbers and proper shipping names |access-date=25 April 2021 }}</ref>

Examples for UN numbers and [[proper shipping name]]s are:
* 1202 GAS OIL or DIESEL FUEL or HEATING OIL, LIGHT
* 1203 MOTOR SPIRIT or GASOLINE or PETROL
* 3090 [[Lithium metal battery|LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES]]
* 3480 [[Lithium-ion battery|LITHIUM ION BATTERIES]] including lithium ion polymer batteries

==Classification and labeling summary tables==
{{See also|GHS hazard pictograms}}

Dangerous goods are divided into nine classes (in addition to several subcategories) on the basis of the specific chemical characteristics producing the risk.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/unrec/English/Part2.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050028/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/unrec/English/Part2.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>

Note: The graphics and text in this article representing the dangerous goods safety marks are derived from the United Nations-based system of identifying dangerous goods. Not all countries use precisely the same graphics (label, [[placard]] or text information) in their national regulations. Some use graphic symbols, but without English wording or with similar wording in their national language. Refer to the dangerous goods transportation regulations of the country of interest.

For example, see the ''TDG Bulletin: Dangerous Goods Safety Marks''<ref>{{cite web|title=TDG Bulletin: Dangerous Goods Safety Marks|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/tdg-eng/Bulletin_-_Safety_Marks.pdf|publisher=[[Transport Canada]]|access-date=5 November 2015|date=January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014042756/http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/tdg-eng/Bulletin_-_Safety_Marks.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2015}}</ref> based on the Canadian [http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/tdg/clear-menu-497.htm  Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations].

The statement above applies equally to all the dangerous goods classes discussed in this article.

{{Hazardous Material Placards}}

== Handling and transportation ==

=== Handling ===
[[File:Dangerous chemicals cabinet in MPI-CBG.jpg|thumb|upright|A reinforced, fireproof cabinet for dangerous chemicals]]
Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and [[Waste disposal|disposal]]. Most countries regulate hazardous materials by law, and they are subject to several international treaties as well. Even so, different countries may use different class diamonds for the same product. For example, in Australia, anhydrous ammonia UN 1005 is classified as 2.3 (toxic gas) with subsidiary hazard 8 (corrosive), whereas in the U.S. it is only classified as 2.2 (non-flammable gas).<ref name="NIOSH">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2021 |title=Emergency Response Safety and Health Database |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750013.html |website=National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health}}</ref>

People who handle dangerous goods will often wear protective equipment, and metropolitan fire departments often have a response team specifically trained to deal with accidents and spills. Persons who may come into contact with dangerous goods as part of their work are also often subject to monitoring or health surveillance to ensure that their exposure does not exceed [[occupational exposure limit]]s.

Laws and regulations on the use and handling of hazardous materials may differ depending on the activity and status of the material. For example, one set of requirements may apply to their use in the workplace while a different set of requirements may apply to spill response, sale for consumer use, or transportation. Most countries regulate some aspect of hazardous materials.

=== Packing groups ===
[[File:Corrugated box - haz mat.jpg|thumb|Doublewall [[corrugated fiberboard]] box with dividers for shipping four bottles of corrosive liquid, UN 4G, certified performance for Packing Group III ]]
Packing groups are used for the purpose of determining the degree of protective packaging required for dangerous goods during transportation.
* Group I: great danger, and most protective packaging required. Some combinations of different classes of dangerous goods on the same vehicle or in the same [[Shipping container|container]] are forbidden if one of the goods is Group I.<ref>{{cite web | title=Land Transport Rule - Dangerous Goods | url=http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/rules/dangerous-goods-2005.html#s3cola | publisher=New Zealand Land Transport Agency | access-date=21 February 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510044816/http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/rules/dangerous-goods-2005.html#s3cola | archive-date=10 May 2010 }}</ref>
* Group II: medium danger
* Group III: minor danger among regulated goods, and least protective packaging within the transportation requirement

=== Transport documents ===
One of the transport regulations is that, as an assistance during emergency situations, written instructions how to deal in such need to be carried and easily accessible in the driver's cabin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide for Preparing Shipping Papers|url=https://hazmatonline.phmsa.dot.gov/services/publication_documents/Guide%20for%20Preparing%20Shipping%20Papers.pdf|publisher=US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508100131/https://hazmatonline.phmsa.dot.gov/services/publication_documents/Guide%20for%20Preparing%20Shipping%20Papers.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2016}}</ref>

Dangerous goods shipments also require a dangerous goods transport document prepared by the shipper. The information that is generally required includes the shipper's name and address; the consignee's name and address; descriptions of each of the dangerous goods, along with their quantity, classification, and packaging; and emergency contact information. Common formats include the one issued by the [[International Air Transport Association]] (IATA) for air shipments and the form by the [[International Maritime Organization]] (IMO) for sea cargo.<ref>{{cite book | title=Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations | publisher=United Nations| edition=Twentyfirst  |volume= II |url=https://unece.org/rev-21-2019  | access-date=25 April 2021 | chapter=Chapter 5.4 Documentation}}</ref>

=== Training ===
A license or permit card for hazmat training must be presented when requested by officials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hazmat transportation training requirements, An overview of 49 CFR parts 172-173 |url=https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Hazmat_Transportation_Training_Requirements.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017014557/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Hazmat_Transportation_Training_Requirements.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-17 |access-date=25 April 2021 |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration}}</ref>

== Society and culture ==

=== Global goals ===
The [[international community]] has defined the responsible management of hazardous waste and chemicals as an important part of [[sustainable development]] with [[Sustainable Development Goal 3]]. Target 3.9 has this target with respect to hazardous chemicals: "By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and [[soil pollution]] and contamination."<ref name=":17">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Furthermore, [[Sustainable Development Goal 6]] also mentions hazardous materials in Target 6.3: "By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials [...]."<ref>Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina. [https://sdg-tracker.org/good-health "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, Goal 3"] ''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' (2018).</ref>

==By country or region==

===Australia===
The [[Australian Dangerous Goods Code]]<ref>[https://www.ntc.gov.au/codes-and-guidelines/australian-dangerous-goods-code Australian Dangerous Goods Code] National Transport Commission</ref> complies with international standards of importation and exportation of dangerous goods in line with the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. [[Australia]] uses the standard international UN numbers with a few slightly different signs on the back, front and sides of vehicles carrying hazardous substances. The country uses the same "[[Hazchem]]" code system as the UK to provide advisory information to emergency services personnel in the event of an emergency.

===Canada===
Transportation of dangerous goods (hazardous materials) in [[Canada]] by road is normally a provincial jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite web|last=Safety|first=Government of Canada, Transport Canada, Safety and Security, Motor Vehicle|title=Information Links|url=https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/motorvehiclesafety/resources-links-index-47.htm#caprov|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417020409/http://tc.gc.ca/eng/motorvehiclesafety/resources-links-index-47.htm#caprov|archive-date=2015-04-17|website=www.tc.gc.ca}}</ref> The federal government has jurisdiction over air, most marine, and most rail transport. The federal government acting centrally created the federal ''[[Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992|Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act]]'' and regulations, which provinces adopted in whole or in part via provincial transportation of dangerous goods legislation. The result is that all provinces use the federal regulations as their standard within their province; some small variances can exist because of provincial legislation. Creation of the federal regulations was coordinated by [[Transport Canada]]. Hazard classifications are based upon the UN model.

Outside of federal facilities, labour standards are generally under the jurisdiction of individual provinces and territories. However, communication about hazardous materials in the workplace has been standardized across the country through [[Health Canada]]'s [[Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System|Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)]].

===Europe===
The [[European Union]] has passed numerous [[European Union directive|directives]] and regulations to avoid the dissemination and restrict the usage of hazardous substances, important ones being the [[Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive]] (RoHS) and the [[Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals|REACH]] regulation. There are also long-standing European treaties such as [[European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road|ADR]],<ref>{{cite web|title=About the ADR|publisher=UNECE |url=https://unece.org/about-adr|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061124/https://unece.org/about-adr |archive-date=2021-01-16 }}</ref> ADN and RID that regulate the transportation of hazardous materials by road, rail, river and inland waterways, following the guide of the UN model regulations.

[[European Union law]] distinguishes clearly between the law of dangerous goods and the law of hazardous materials.{{cn|date=May 2025}} The first refers primarily to the transport of the respective goods including the interim storage, if caused by the transport. The latter describes the requirements of storage (including warehousing) and usage of hazardous materials. This distinction is important because different directives and orders of European law are applied.

====United Kingdom====
The [[United Kingdom]] (and also Australia, Malaysia, and New Zealand) use the Hazchem warning plate system which carries information on how an emergency service should deal with an incident. The ''Dangerous Goods Emergency Action Code List'' (EAC) lists dangerous goods; it is reviewed every two years and is an essential compliance document for all emergency services, local government and for those who may control the planning for, and prevention of, emergencies involving dangerous goods. The latest 2015 version is available from the [[National Chemical Emergency Centre]] (NCEC) website.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dangerous Goods Emergency Action Code List 2017|url=http://the-ncec.com/the-dangerous-goods-emergency-action-code-list-2015/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417031033/http://the-ncec.com/the-dangerous-goods-emergency-action-code-list-2015/|archive-date=2015-04-17|access-date=2015-04-16|website=the-ncec.com}}</ref> Guidance is available from the [[Health and Safety Executive]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carriage of Dangerous Goods - ADR and the carriage regulations 2004|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/cdg/manual/adrcarriage.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.hse.gov.uk}}</ref>

=== New Zealand ===
[[New Zealand]]'s Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods 2005 and the Dangerous Goods Amendment 2010 describe the rules applied to the transportation of hazardous and dangerous goods in New Zealand. The system closely follows the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods<ref>{{cite web|title=Rev. 12 (2001) - Transport - UNECE|url=http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/12_e.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418191039/http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/12_e.html|archive-date=2015-04-18|website=www.unece.org}}</ref> and uses placards with Hazchem codes and [[UN numbers]] on packaging and the transporting vehicle's exterior to convey information to emergency services personnel.

Drivers that carry dangerous goods commercially, or carry quantities in excess of the rule's guidelines must obtain a D (dangerous goods) endorsement on their [[Driving licence in New Zealand|driver's licence]]. Drivers carrying quantities of goods under the rule's guidelines and for recreational or domestic purposes do not need any special endorsements.<ref>{{cite web|title=Transporting Hazardous or Dangerous Goods in a Truck or Car|date=3 May 2015|url=http://www.drivingtests.co.nz/resources/transporting-hazardous-or-dangerous-goods-in-a-truck-or-car/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201023225/http://www.drivingtests.co.nz/resources/transporting-hazardous-or-dangerous-goods-in-a-truck-or-car/|archive-date=2016-02-01}}</ref>

=== United States ===
[[File:Pennsylvania Tunnel Hazmat Restrictions Sign.svg|thumb|right|A picture of the U.S. DOT classes in use]]
Due to the increase in fear of [[terrorism]] in the early 21st century after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], funding for greater hazmat-handling capabilities was increased throughout the [[United States]], recognizing that flammable, poisonous, explosive, or radioactive substances in particular could be used for terrorist attacks.

The [[Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration]] regulates hazmat transportation within the territory of the US by ''[[Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations]]''.

The U.S. [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA) regulates the handling of hazardous materials in the workplace as well as response to hazardous-materials-related incidents, most notably through ''Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response'' (''[[HAZWOPER]]'').<ref name="hazwoper">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER)|url=https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9765|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210192348/http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9765|archive-date=10 February 2010|access-date=17 February 2010|publisher=Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)}}</ref> regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.120.

In 1984 the agencies OSHA, EPA, USCG, and NIOSH jointly published the first ''Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Guidance Manual''<ref name="hazwoper" /> which is available for download.<ref>{{Citation|author=DHHS ([[NIOSH]])|title=Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities|date=October 1985|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/85-115.html <!-- | urldate = December 17, 1998 -->|pages=142|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629133312/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/85-115.html|id=Pub. no. 85-115|access-date=2011-02-22|archive-date=June 29, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) regulates hazardous materials as they may impact the community and environment, including specific regulations for environmental cleanup and for handling and disposal of waste hazardous materials. For instance, transportation of hazardous materials is regulated by the [[Hazardous Materials Transportation Act]]. The [[Resource Conservation and Recovery Act]] and analogous state laws were also passed to further protect human and environmental health.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Taylor|first1=Penny|title=Transporting and Disposing of Dangerous Goods in the US: What You Need to Know|url=http://www.advancedchemical.net/transporting-and-disposing-of-dangerous-goods-in-the-us-what-you-need-to-know/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119040335/http://www.advancedchemical.net/transporting-and-disposing-of-dangerous-goods-in-the-us-what-you-need-to-know/|archive-date=19 January 2016|access-date=28 December 2015|publisher=ACT Environmental Services}}</ref>

The [[Consumer Product Safety Commission]] regulates hazardous materials that may be used in products sold for household and other consumer uses.

====Hazard classes for materials in transport====
Following the UN model, the DOT divides regulated hazardous materials into nine classes, some of which are further subdivided. Hazardous materials in transportation must be placarded and have specified [[packaging and labelling]]. Some materials must always be placarded, others may only require placarding in certain circumstances.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Werman|first1=Howard A.|title=Prehospital Emergency Care, 10e.|last2=Karren|first2=K|last3=Mistovich|first3=Joseph|publisher=[[Pearson Education]], Inc.|year=2014|editor1=Werman A. Howard|page=31|chapter=Protecting Yourself from Accidental and Work-Related Injury: Hazardous Materials|editor2=Mistovich J|editor3=Karren K}}</ref>

Trailers of goods in transport are usually marked with a four digit [[UN number]]. This number, along with standardized logs of hazmat information, can be referenced by first responders (firefighters, police officers, and ambulance personnel) who can find information about the material in the ''[[Emergency Response Guidebook]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Levins|first1=Cory|title=Dangerous Goods|url=http://www.airseacontainers.com/blog/dangerous-goods/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509152925/http://www.airseacontainers.com/blog/dangerous-goods/|archive-date=9 May 2016|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

====Fixed facilities====
Different standards usually apply for handling and marking hazmats at fixed facilities, including [[NFPA 704]] diamond markings (a consensus standard often adopted by local governmental jurisdictions), OSHA regulations requiring chemical safety information for employees, and CPSC requirements requiring informative labeling for the public, as well as wearing [[hazmat suit]]s when handling hazardous materials.

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[ADR (treaty)]] – international arrangements for carriage of dangerous goods
* [[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]] (ATSDR)
* [[Area classification]]
* [[ASTM International]] – an international standards organization
* [[CLP Regulation]]
* [[Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor]]
* [[Directive 67/548/EEC]]
* [[Environmental hazard]]
* [[Hazardous materials apparatus]]
* [[UN number]]
* [[Hazchem]]
* [[Highly hazardous chemical]]
* [[List of Extremely Hazardous Substances]]
* [[List of UN Numbers]]
* [[NFPA 704|National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard 704]] (US) (the "fire diamond")
* [[#Packing groups|Packing group]]
* [[Pipe marking]]
* [[Poison control center]]
* [[Redundant refrigeration system]]
* [[Salvage drum]]
* [[Spill pallet]]
* [[Waste oil]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Dangerous goods}}
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/iaea_imagebank/albums/72157632748140317 Processing Radioactive Materials] - large set of images by the [[IAEA]] showing automated package labelling and tracking for shipment of hazardous radioactive pharmaceuticals.
* [https://www.airseadg.com/learn/categorising-dangerous-materials/ Categorising Dangerous Materials] - blog post explaining UN classification of dangerous materials.
* [https://mintra.com/insights-and-news/13-03-18/the-9-classes-of-dangerous-goods The 9 Classes of Dangerous Goods] - blog post by [https://mintra.com/ Mintra] explaining the 9 classes of dangerous goods

{{Hazardous materials}}
{{Firefighting}}
{{Fire protection}}

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[[Category:Hazardous materials| ]]
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[[Category:Occupational hazards]]
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