View source for Daman and Diu

{{Short description|Former union territory in western India}}
{{about|the former union territory|the current union territory of India|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| name                   = Daman and Diu
| image                  = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = 
| photo2a = 
| photo2b = 
| size                            = 280
| spacing                         = 1
| position                        = centre
| border                          = 0
| color                           = white 
}}
| image_caption          = 
| nation                 = India
| status_text            = [[Union territory]]
| capital                = [[Daman, India|Daman]]
| year_start             = 1987
| date_start             = 30 May
| event_start            = 
| year_end               = 2020
| date_end               = 26 January
| event_end              = Formation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
| p1                     = Goa, Daman and Diu
| flag_p1                = Emblem of Goa, Daman and Diu.png
| s1                     = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
| flag_s1                = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png
| image_flag             = 
| symbol_type            = Seal
| image_coat             = Seal of Daman and Diu.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| image_map              = IN-DD.svg
| image_map_caption      = Map of Daman and Diu
| coordinates            = 
| legislature            = 
| house1                 = 
| house2                 = 
| political_subdiv       = [[Districts of India|2 districts]]
| title_leader           = [[Administrator of Daman and Diu|Administrator]]
| leader1                = Gopal Singh
| year_leader1           = 1987 (''first'')
| leader2                = [[Praful Khoda Patel]]
| year_leader2           = 2019 (''last'')
| title_deputy           = 
| deputy1                = 
| year_deputy1           = 
| deputy2                = 
| footnotes              = 
| stat_year1             = 
| stat_area1             = 112
| stat_pop1              = 242,911
| common_name            = 
}}
'''Daman and Diu''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|n|...|'|d|iː|uː}}; {{audio|Daman & Diu.ogg|locally}}) was a [[union territory]] in northwestern [[India]]. With an area of {{cvt|112|km2}}, it was the smallest administrative subdivision of India on the mainland. The territory comprised two districts, [[Daman district, India|Daman]] and [[Diu Island]], geographically separated by the [[Gulf of Khambat]]. The state of [[Gujarat]] and the [[Arabian Sea]] bordered the territory. A [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] colony since the 1500s, these territories were taken over by India with the [[Annexation of Goa]] in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] between 1961 and 1987. After the [[Goa Opinion Poll]], they became separate union territories. In 2019, a legislation was passed to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring union territory, [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], to form the new union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] with effect from 26 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indusdictum.com/2019/12/04/dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu-uts-merge-for-better-admin-efficiency-service-mos-home/|title=Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu UTs merge for 'better admin efficiency, service': MoS Home|first=The ID|last=Staff|date=4 December 2019|website=Indus Dictum|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111061240/https://indusdictum.com/2019/12/04/dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu-uts-merge-for-better-admin-efficiency-service-mos-home/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
For over 450 years, the coastal enclaves of Daman ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: Damão) and Diu on the Arabian Sea coast were part of [[Portuguese India]], along with [[Goa]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] were incorporated into the Republic of India on 19 December 1961, by a [[Operation Vijay (1961)|military conquest]] named Operation Vijay. [[Portugal]] did not recognise the Indian annexation of these territories until the [[Carnation Revolution]] of 1974. The territory has also been ruled by [[Kolis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=Daman+Diu+Koli&pg=PA136|title=Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide|last=Ward|date=1998|publisher=Orient Longman Limited|isbn=9788125013839|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&q=Daman+Diu+Koli&pg=PP19|title=Daman and Diu|last1=Singh|first1=K. S.|last2=Solanki|first2=B. R.|last3=Sinha|first3=N. K.|last4=Pereira|first4=Jaime F.|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9788171547616|language=en}}</ref>

The territories of Goa, Daman and Diu were administered as a single union territory until 30 May 1987, when Goa was granted statehood, leaving Daman and Diu as a separate union territories. Each enclave constituted one of the union territory's two [[district]]s. Daman and Diu are approximately 650 kilometres away from each other by road.

On 3 November 2019, Daman [[District magistrate|Collector]] Rakesh Minhas issued a [[Unlawful assembly#India|Section 144]] order banning peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire and ordered the conversion of Government High School, Bhimpore and the Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman into 'temporary jails'.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 November 2019|title=Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/section-144-daman-protests-evictions|access-date=2 March 2021|work=The Wire|language=en}}</ref> This was in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 November 2019|title=Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demolition-of-houses-section-144-in-daman-after-residents-protest-6103699/|access-date=2 March 2021|work=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> that had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing [[2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests]] resulted with the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. Few of the [[adivasi]] fisherfolk were re-housed whilst most languished traumatised and homeless on the streets near the rubble of their razed homes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2 March 2021|website=Justice Upheld|language=en}}</ref>

In December 2019, the Parliament of India passed legislation to merge Daman and Diu with the nearby union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] to create a new union territory to be known as [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Amrita Nayak |title=There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu |url=https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/ |access-date=22 August 2019 |work=The Print |date=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Govt plans to merge 2 UTs -- Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli {{!}} National |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/national/754685-govt-plans-to-merge-2-uts----daman-and-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=Devdiscourse |date=22 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/366_2019_LS_Eng.pdf |title=The Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Merger of Union Territories) Bill, 2019 |website=Lok Sabha |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Historical population
| source = [[Census of India]]<ref name="Census Population">{{cite web |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf |title=Census Population |work=Census of India |publisher=Ministry of Finance India |access-date=18 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073658/http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 1951 | 49000
| 1961 | 37000
| 1971 | 63000
| 1981 | 79000
| 1991 | 102000
| 2001 | 158000
}}
{{bar box
|title=Literacy rates in Daman and Diu
|titlebar=#ddd
|bars=
{{bar percent|Male|lightblue|91.5}}
{{bar percent|Female|pink|79.5}}
{{bar percent|Total|grey|87.1}}
}}

According to the 2011 census, Daman and Diu had a literacy rate of 87.1%, higher than the national average of 74.04%.<ref>census 2011</ref> Male and female literacy rates are 91.5 and 79.5 per cent respectively. The lowest female-to-male ratio in India (618 females per thousand males) was recorded in Daman and Diu.<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf |title=Ranking of States and Union territories by population size : 1991 and 2001 |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |pages=5–6 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192159/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf |archive-date=2 January 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The Daman district, with a sex ratio of 533:1000 (F:M), is among the lowest of all the districts.

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Daman and Diu<ref name= "Census 2011 website">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/daman+and+diu.html|title=Daman and Diu |access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621222156/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/daman+and+diu.html|archive-date=21 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|90.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|7.92}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|1.16}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.41}}
}}

[[Hinduism]] was the most common religion in Daman and Diu. [[Muslims]] were also now the second-largest religious group in the territory, followed by the indigenous [[Christians]]. The [[Catholic Christians]] of Daman and Diu were pastorally served by the Metropolitan [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]], which has its see in Goa, the [[primate (bishop)|primatial see]] of India.

===Languages===
{{Pie chart| thumb = right 
|caption=Languages of Daman and Diu (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=13–14 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
|label1=[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|value1=50.83
|color1 = skyblue
|label2=[[Hindi]]|value2=36.31
|color2= orange
|label3=[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|value3=4.53
|color3= red
|label4=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|value4=2.15
|color4= purple
|label5= [[Odia language|Odia]]
|value5 = 1.82
|color5= blue
|label6= [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
|value6= 0.58
|color6= brown
|label7= [[Malayalam]]
|value7=0.51
|color7= violet
|label8=[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|value8=0.49
|color8= lightblue
|label9 = Others
|value9= 2.78
|color9= grey
}}

[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] was the mother tongue of most of the territory's population, as they belong to the Gujarati-speaking [[Damaniya]] sub-caste. Along with Gujarati, [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] were also widely used. Daman and Diu were once part of a combined union territory along with [[Goa]] (a Konkani-speaking region) before Goa became a state in 1987.

The use of Portuguese, which was the territory's official language during the colonial period, was in decline and relegated to home use. It was also used as a [[liturgical]] language by the territory's Catholics. Standard Portuguese existed in a [[post-creole continuum]] while [[Daman and Diu Portuguese]] was spoken by about 10,000–12,000 people in Daman.

The languages taught in schools in Daman and Diu under the [[three-language formula]] were:<ref>{{cite web|title=51st REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 February 2018|page=125|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025959/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*First language: Gujarati
*Second language: Hindi
*Third language: English

== Administration ==
According to the [[Constitution of India]], the administration of Daman and Diu was carried out by an Administrator, appointed by the President of India as an agent of the President, not a head of state/government or a governor. He was assisted by several other officers in carrying out his duty.

===Districts===
The union territory of Daman and Diu had two districts:
* [[Diu District]], an area of {{cvt|40|km2}}. The main settlement is the town of [[Diu, India|Diu]].
* [[Daman District, India|Daman District]], an area of {{cvt|72|km2}}. The main settlement is the city of [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]].

== See also ==
{{Portal|Geography|India}}
* [[Battle of Diu]]
* [[Damania]]
{{clear right}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikivoyage|Daman and Diu}}
* [https://www.daman.nic.in/ Daman Administration's official website]
* [https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_goa-dep.html#Daman WorldStatesmen, including lists of Portuguese captains/governors of Damão and Diu]

{{Geographic Location
| Centre    = Daman and Diu
| North     = 
| Northeast = 
| East      = [[Gujarat]]
| Southeast = 
| South     = 
| Southwest = 
| West      = [[Arabian Sea]]
| Northwest = 
}}

{{Daman and Diu}}
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daman And Diu}}
[[Category:Daman and Diu| ]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Arabian Sea]]
[[Category:City-states]]
[[Category:Diu, India]]
[[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Portuguese India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1987]]
[[Category:Former union territories of India]]
[[Category:2019 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]
[[Category:India–Portugal relations]]
[[Category:Enclaves and exclaves]]