View source for Dallas Texans (NFL)

{{Short description|Team of the National Football League (NFL) for one season, 1952}}
{{For|other teams named "Dallas Texans"|Dallas Texans (disambiguation){{!}}Dallas Texans}}
{{Distinguish|text=the [[Houston Texans]]}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Pre-modern NFL team
| name = Dallas Texans
| bgcolor = 00205B
| fontcolor = FFFFFFF
| helmet = 
| logo = DallasTexans52.gif
| founded = January 29, 1952 
| suspended =1953 
| relocated =
| location = [[Dallas, Texas]] (games 1–7) <br /> [[Hershey, Pennsylvania]] (games 8–12)
| field = [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] (games 1–7) <br /> [[traveling team]] (games 8–12)
| league = [[National Football League]]
| conference = [[Eastern and Western Divisions (NFL) 1933–69|National Conference]]
| division = 
| colors = Royal blue, silver, white <br> {{color box|#00205b|border=silver}}{{color box|silver|border=silver}}{{color box|white|border=silver}}
| history = '''Dallas Texans (1952)'''
| nickname = 
| coach = [[James Phelan (American football)|Jim Phelan]] 
| manager = 
| owners = Giles Miller and Connell Miller (games 1–7)<br /> [[National Football League|NFL]] (games 8–12)
| championships = 
| AFL 1 championships =
| AFL 2 championships =
| AFL 3 championships =
| AAFC championships =
| mascot = 
| website =
}}
The '''Dallas Texans''' played in the [[National Football League]] (NFL) for one season in [[1952 Dallas Texans season|1952]]. They posted a record of 1–11.

Initially based in [[Dallas]], the team was returned to the league in the middle of the season and became a [[traveling team]] based in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania]], and [[Akron, Ohio]].

Professional football returned to Dallas in 1960, as the American Football League (AFL) commenced operations with one of its eight charter members in Dallas, also called the Texans, while the NFL added the [[Dallas Cowboys]]. The AFL Dallas Texans would later move to [[Kansas City, Missouri]], and be re-branded as the [[Kansas City Chiefs|Chiefs]] in 1963.

After the team folded, the league awarded its assets to the new [[Baltimore Colts]], who retained the team's blue-and-white colors. However, neither the Colts nor the NFL recognize the Texans or their previous incarnations dating back to 1913 as part of the Colts' legacy. Thus, as of 2025, the Dallas Texans are the most recent NFL team to fold and not have its legacy included in that of any other team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dallas Texans {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/the-dallas-texans/ |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
After the [[1951 New York Yanks season|1951]] season, the financially troubled [[1951 New York Yanks season|New York Yanks]] franchise was put on the market by [[Ted Collins (manager)|Ted Collins]], who had founded the franchise in [[1944 Boston Yanks season|1944]] as the [[Boston Yanks]] before moving it to [[New York City]] in [[1949 New York Bulldogs season|1949]], rebranding them as the [[1949 New York Bulldogs season|Bulldogs]], and rebranded it again as the Yanks in [[1950 New York Yanks season|1950]]. After failing to find a buyer, Collins sold the team back to the League.

On January 29, 1952, a [[Dallas]]-based group led by a pair of young millionaires, brothers Giles and Connell Miller, completed the purchase of what was ostensibly a new franchise: the first-ever major league sports team based in [[Texas]].<ref name=ypcbm >{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZJJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q2oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4346%2C426733 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |title=Yanks' purchase completed by Miller |date=January 30, 1952 |page=16}}</ref> However, the Millers also acquired the entire Yanks roster in the sale;<ref name=CoffinCorner>{{cite web |url=https://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/17-05-621.pdf |title=How to Get from Dayton To Indianapolis By Way Of Brooklyn, Boston, New York, Dallas, Hershey and Baltimore|author1=Bob Carroll|publisher=[[Pro Football Researchers Association]]  |access-date=2025-02-02}}</ref> thus, for all intents and purposes, the brothers bought the Yanks and relocated them to Dallas. Purchase price for the team was $200,000 — with $100,000 paid up front and the balance paid in installments.<ref name=Ratliff>Harold V. Ratliff, "The Battle of the Texas Millionaires," ''Pro Football Stars,'' no. 2. Greenwich, CT: Whitestone Publications, 1960; pp. 20–21, 74–75.</ref> This comparatively vast expansion fee was charged to allow the league to buy out the Yanks' lease for the use of [[Yankee Stadium]].<ref name=Ratliff />

NFL owners voted 10–1 in favor of the sale and relocation, with [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] owner [[Art Rooney]] casting the lone dissenting vote.<ref name=Rooney>''75 Seasons: The Complete Story of the National Football League'', p. 103</ref>

Home games were set for the 75,000-seat [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]], home stadium of the [[Southern Methodist University]] Mustangs. Three names were considered for the new franchise: the Rangers, the Rebels, or the Texans.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-dallas-new-pro-grid-en/141883508/ "Dallas, New Pro Grid Entry, Starts Hunt for Texan Stars,"] ''Buffalo News,'' Jan. 21, 1952, p. 6.</ref> The last-mentioned was eventually the moniker chosen.

===1952 season===
The Millers believed that the growing state of Texas, with its longstanding support of college and high school football, would be a natural fit for the NFL to move farther south and west. With this in mind, Giles Miller declared, "There is room in Texas for all kinds of football."

However, the opening game against the [[New York Giants]] set the tone for the season and the franchise. While the Texans scored the first touchdown, they missed the extra point and did not score again, losing 24–6 in front of only 17,499 fans at the Cotton Bowl.

Fan interest quickly waned as the team collapsed to 0–9 and showed no sign of being competitive. In the four games the Texans played at the Cotton Bowl, they lost all four by an average of eighteen points, and drew a total of only 54,065 fans: this was by far the lowest in the League, and barely half of the 25,000 per game required for the team to break even. The nadir came in a November 9 game against the [[Los Angeles Rams]], a 27–6 blowout loss which attracted only 10,000 fans, and as it turned out, would be the last game the Texans would play in Texas.

By this time, the Millers had sustained losses of $250,000, a staggering sum by 1950s standards, and were unable to meet payroll. The situation was exacerbated by the woeful ticket sales and an inability to get any financial support from local businesses – an important factor even in this decade – to cover these debts, or even operating expenses. Unlike present economic arrangements in which the NFL's multi-billion-dollar television contracts essentially underwrite the league's franchises, teams in this era had no hope of remaining solvent without local support. NFL games were not carried on national TV at all until 1953,<ref>DuMont did carry [[1952 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] games in 1952, but the season-opening win against Dallas was not televised.</ref> and then only on the now-long-defunct [[NFL on DuMont|DuMont Television Network]], for a pittance compared to the contracts of today. Only two Texans games were televised: October 12 against the Bears in Chicago on ABC, and the Thanksgiving game (see below), also against the Bears, on DuMont.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.506sports.com/wiki/1952_NFL_Season | title=1952 NFL Season - 506 Archive }}</ref>

The Millers had seen enough and sold the team back to the league on November 14, with five games remaining in the season.<ref name=dtpfcf>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5K1MAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IzEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5248%2C3747426 |newspaper=Rome News-Tribune |location=Georgia |agency=INS |title=Dallas Texans, pro football club, folds |date=November 13, 1952 |page=17}}</ref> Afterwards, the NFL moved the franchise's operations temporarily to [[Hershey, Pennsylvania]] (though it kept the Dallas Texans name), and moved the Texans' last two home games out of Dallas, thus making them a [[traveling team]].

[[Image:DTvsNYG.jpg|thumb|Program from first-ever game played by Dallas Texans in 1952]]
The team played one of its remaining two relocated home games at the [[Rubber Bowl]] in [[Akron, Ohio]], where the franchise tallied its only win under the Texans moniker, an upset over the [[1952 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] of [[George Halas]], in front of a meager crowd of only 2,208 fans [[NFL on Thanksgiving Day|on Thanksgiving Day]].<ref>While various sources, including pro-football-reference.com, give an attendance of 3,000, a game recap in the next day's ''Akron Beacon Journal'' gives the attendance as 2,208.</ref> This remains the smallest crowd at any NFL game since 1939 (excluding 2020, when [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the National Football League|the COVID-19 pandemic]] severely limited attendance).

As a measure of how low the NFL ranked on the sports scene in the early 1950s, the Akron [[high school football|high school]] Championship Game played at the Rubber Bowl that morning attracted 14,284 fans, far outdrawing the afternoon's professional contest.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/149146894 Four Long Runs Gives East Series Title, ''Akron Beacon Journal'', November 28, 1952, p. 37]</ref>

Head coach [[James Phelan (football)|Jim Phelan]] jokingly suggested because of the small turnout, the Texans players should "go into the stands and shake hands with each fan," while Halas had been so certain that the Bears would overpower the lowly Texans that he started only his second-string players. The Texans jumped out to a 20–2 lead, and after a Bears rally, scored a touchdown with 34 seconds left for an upset 27–23 win.

With the victory, the NFL avoided having a franchise with a winless regular season, something that had not happened since {{nfly|1944}}.<ref>Both the [[Brooklyn Tigers]] and [[Card-Pitt]] — the latter being the merged (for that year) [[Chicago Cardinals]] and [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] — finished 0-10-0 in 1944. The only winless seasons since have been the 1960 Dallas Cowboys finishing 0-11-1, the 1976 [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] finishing 0-14-0, the 1982 [[Indianapolis Colts|Baltimore Colts]] finishing 0-8-1, and the [[2008 Detroit Lions season|2008 Detroit Lions]] and [[2017 Cleveland Browns season|2017 Cleveland Browns]] both finishing 0-16-0.</ref>

The team's final game was a 41–6 blowout loss at the hands of the [[1952 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]]: while this game had been scheduled to be played in Dallas, it was moved to [[Detroit]] after the league took over the team, thus forcing the Texans (who were the designated home team) to make their second trip of the year to [[Briggs Stadium]] – this game drew 12,252 fans, less than one-third of the average for the Lions' home games that year. Two weeks later, the Lions won the [[1952 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship]].

Halfback [[George Taliaferro]], the team's leading rusher, was selected to the [[1953 Pro Bowl|Pro Bowl]] at the end of the season.

===The end of the Texans===
For all intents and purposes, the conclusion of the Texans' brief history was written before they even played their last game. Unable to find a buyer for the team, but not wanting to outright contract the franchise (which would have unbalanced the schedule), the NFL quickly began to solicit bids from other cities. The week after the Texans' Thanksgiving upset, the NFL granted a new franchise to a [[Baltimore]]-based ownership group headed by [[Carroll Rosenbloom]], and awarded it the remaining assets (including the players) of the Texans organization.<ref name=srdfdfft>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DVspAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D-YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7155%2C345173 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Washington |agency=Associated Press |title=Defunct Dallas football team to play for Baltimore next year|date=December 2, 1952 |page=14 }}</ref> Rosenbloom named his new franchise the [[History of the Baltimore Colts|Baltimore Colts]] (after the [[Baltimore Colts (AAFC)|unrelated previous team]] from the competing [[All-America Football Conference]], which merged with the NFL in 1950).

The Colts do not claim the history of the Texans and their predecessors as their own, despite the Colts'  [[1953 Baltimore Colts season|inaugural roster]] including many of the players from the [[1952 Dallas Texans season|1952 Texans]], plus a number of players from the 1950-1951 Yanks.

As a result, the Texans are officially recognized as the last NFL team to permanently cease operations and not be included in the lineage of any current franchise.

===After the Texans===
Although the NFL rapidly grew more prosperous during the latter part of the 1950s (especially after the success of "The Greatest Game Ever Played", the [[1958 NFL Championship Game|1958 Championship Game]] at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] between the vaunted [[New York Giants]] and the developing Colts, leading to a later profitable nationwide television contract), the 1952 debacle in Dallas left the NFL leery of further expansion.

Seeking a franchise in his home state and unable to persuade NFL owners to reconsider, Texas oil scion [[Lamar Hunt]], with others, founded the [[American Football League]] as a direct competitor to the older NFL, with Hunt launching his own new [[Kansas City Chiefs|Dallas Texans]] franchise.

Threatened by the new league and its impact upon attendances, player contract rates, and the television market, the NFL quickly reconsidered its position on expansion. A second venture into Dallas in 1960, establishing what would become a far more successful team, the [[Dallas Cowboys]]. The Cowboys' first game as a franchise would be scheduled against the Steelers, eight years after the Steelers had voted against placing a team in Dallas. With fans in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] not forgetting this fact, combined with both teams being enormously successful in the following decades and [[America's Team|establishing]] [[Steeler Nation|large]] fan bases in doing so, this would eventually lead to the [[Cowboys–Steelers rivalry]].

Both franchises shared the Cotton Bowl stadium (also the home of [[SMU Mustangs football|Southern Methodist University's (SMU) Mustangs]]) for their first three seasons.<ref name=hthcidsr>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lDVWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7070%2C2906455 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Washington |agency=Associated Press |title=Head-to-head combat in Dallas as pro football leagues collide |date=September 24, 1960 |page=8}}</ref> The Cowboys were even more woeful on the field in their inaugural season, enduring a [[winless season]] with an 0-11-1 record, and would not post a winning record until 1966, while the AFL Texans, after going .500 over their first two seasons in the new league, would capture the [[1962 American Football League Championship Game|1962 AFL Championship]] after defeating the cross-state rival [[Houston Oilers]] in double overtime. Both teams also initially struggled to draw enough fans to the Cotton Bowl to turn a profit. However, Texans owner Hunt and Cowboys owner [[Clint Murchison, Jr.]] were far better financed than the Millers had been, and also had the patience to absorb the massive losses.

Nevertheless, by the Texans' 1962 championship season, they were being consistently outdrawn at the gate by the Cowboys even though they had made a far better account of themselves on the field. Hunt realized that there was not nearly enough fan support or corporate support to support both teams. He relocated his team to Kansas City and rebranded them as the [[Kansas City Chiefs|Chiefs]], the second and last of two occasions that a professional American football champion has played the following season in another city. The other occasion was in 1945, with the NFL's [[Cleveland Rams]]. One month after winning the championship, franchise owner Dan Reeves, who had sustained five years of substantial financial losses, a situation that was exacerbated by poor home crowds and the pending arrival of the AAFC's Browns (who were to commence play the next year), relocated the Rams to Los Angeles.

===Later use of the team name===

In 1974, the [[World Football League]] placed a team in Texas called the [[Shreveport Steamer|Houston Texans]]. The team transferred to [[Shreveport, Louisiana]] before the 1974 season was finished.

The Texans nickname was later revived by the NFL for the [[Houston Texans]], an expansion team awarded in [[2002 Houston Texans season|2002]] to fill the void left after the Oilers relocated to [[Nashville, Tennessee]] in 1997, subsequently being rebranded as the [[Tennessee Titans]].

==Notable players==
{{see also|List of Dallas Texans (NFL) players}}

===Pro Football Hall of Fame===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" style="background:navy; color:white;"|Dallas Texans Hall of Famers
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:navy; color:white;"|Players
|-
! No.
! Name
! Position
! Tenure
! Inducted
|-
| 70 || [[Art Donovan]] || [[Defensive tackle|DT]] || 1952 || 1968 
|-
| 75 || [[Gino Marchetti]] || [[Defensive end|DE]] || 1952 || 1972 
|}

===Others===
* Jack Adkisson, more famous as [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] - [[Fritz Von Erich]]
*[[Joe Campanella]], as [[Baltimore Colts]]' general manager in [[1967 Baltimore Colts season|1967]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colts.com/sub.cfm?page=football_dynamic&id=175 |title=The Official Website of the Indianapolis Colts |publisher=Colts.com |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025033337/http://www.colts.com/sub.cfm?page=football_dynamic&id=175 |archive-date=October 25, 2007 }}</ref>
*[[Brad Ecklund]]
*[[Weldon Humble]]
*[[Chuck Ortmann]]
*[[George Taliaferro]]
*[[Frank Tripucka]] 
*[[Buddy Young]]
*[[George Young (American football executive)|George Young]], Baltimore [[Baltimore City College|high school]] and [[NFL]] coach with the [[Baltimore Colts]], [[Miami Dolphins]] and general manager of the [[New York Giants]], then later NFL executive staff.

==First round draft selection==
{{main|1952 NFL draft}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Dallas Texans first-round draft picks
|-
! scope="col" style="background:navy; color:white;"|Year
! scope="col" style="background:navy; color:white;"|Player name
! scope="col" style="background:navy; color:white;"|Position
! scope="col" style="background:navy; color:white;"|College
! scope="col" style="background:navy; color:white;"|Notes
|- 
| 1952 || [[Les Richter]] || [[Guard (American football)|G]] || [[California Golden Bears football|California]] || Pick was actually made by the [[1951 New York Yanks season|New York Yanks]] on January 17: the Yanks picks were subsequently given to Dallas.
|}

After Richter, a star at the [[University of California]], made it clear he did not want to play for Dallas, he was traded to the [[Los Angeles Rams]], sending him closer to home. While the Rams sent a whopping eleven players to Dallas in exchange - still the second-biggest trade involving a single player in NFL history as of 2024 - the deal turned out to be very lopsided in the Rams' favor.

Richter went on to play nine seasons in Los Angeles and be elected to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]], while of the eleven players sent to Dallas, defensive back/end [[Tom Keane]] was the only one of the eleven who lasted in the League beyond 1952, making All-Pro for the [[Baltimore Colts]] in 1953 before he retired in 1955. Of the remaining ten players, four did not last beyond the Texans' only season, and six never played another down of professional football.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.profootballhof.com/news/richter-traded-for-11-players/ | title=Richter traded for 11 players &#124; Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site }}</ref>

==Season-by-season==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Year !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|W !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|L !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|T !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Finish!! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Coach
|-
| [[1952 Dallas Texans season|1952]] || 1 || 11 || 0 || 6th National||[[James Phelan (American football)|Jim Phelan]]
|}

===1952 results===
{{main|1952 Dallas Texans season}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Week !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Date !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Opponent !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|W-L-T !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Score !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Venue !! style="background:navy; color:white;"|Record
|-
| align=center|1  || September 28     || [[1952 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] || L || 24–6 || [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] || 0–1–0
|-
| align=center|2  || October 5       || [[1952 San Francisco 49ers season|San Francisco 49ers]] || L || 37–14 || Cotton Bowl || 0–2–0
|-
| align=center|3  || October 12      || [[1952 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] || L || 38–20 || [[Wrigley Field]] || 0–3–0
|-
| align=center|4  || October 18      || [[1952 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] || L || 24–14 || Cotton Bowl || 0–4–0
|-
| align=center|5  || October 26     || [[1952 San Francisco 49ers season|San Francisco 49ers]] || L || 48–21 || [[Kezar Stadium]] || 0–5–0
|-
| align=center|6  || November 2     || [[1952 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] || L || 42–20 || [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] || 0–6–0
|-
| align=center|7  || November 9       || [[1952 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] || L || 27–6 || Cotton Bowl || 0–7–0
|-
| align=center|8  || November 16       || [[1952 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]] || L || 43–13 || [[Briggs Stadium]] || 0–8–0
|-
| align=center|9  || November 23    || [[1952 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] || L || 42–14 || [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|East Stadium]] || 0–9–0
|-
| align=center|10 || November 27 || [[1952 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] || W || 27–23 || [[Rubber Bowl]] ([[Akron, Ohio]]) ^  || 1–9–0
|-
| align=center|11 || December 7  || [[1952 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]] || L || 38–21 || [[Shibe Park]] || 1–10–0
|-
| align=center|12 || December 13 || [[1952 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]] || L || 41–6 || Briggs Stadium ^ || 1–11–0
|}
^ moved from Dallas

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1950s/dallas_texans.jsp The Pro Football Hall of Fame page on the Dallas Texans.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121006230650/http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/dtx/1952.htm Season stats]

{{Dallas Texans (NFL)}}
{{Dayton Triangles}}
{{Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)}}
{{Boston Yanks}}
{{Defunct NFL teams}}

[[Category:Dallas Texans (NFL)| ]]
[[Category:American football teams established in 1952]]
[[Category:American football teams disestablished in 1952]]
[[Category:Defunct NFL teams]]
[[Category:Defunct American football teams in Texas]]
[[Category:American football teams in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]]
[[Category:Dayton Triangles]]
[[Category:Boston Yanks]]
[[Category:Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in Texas]]
[[Category:1952 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:National Football League in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]]
[[Category:Sports in Hershey, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Defunct American football teams in Pennsylvania]]