View source for DRG Class 61

{{Infobox locomotive
| name             = DRG 61&nbsp;001
| bgcolor          = A00
| color            = FFF
| image            = 2011-03-05-eisenbahnmuseum-nuernberg-by-RalfR-27.jpg
| alt              = 
| caption          = Model of 61&nbsp;001 in the Nuremberg Transport Museum
| powertype        = Steam
| designer         = 
| builder          = [[Henschel & Sohn]]
| ordernumber      = 
| serialnumber     = 22500
| buildmodel       = 
| builddate        = 1935
| totalproduction  = 
| rebuilder        = 
| rebuilddate      = 
| numberrebuilt    = 
| whytetype        = {{whyte|4-6-4|T}}
| uicclass         = 2′C2′ h2t
| DRGtype          = St 37.18
| driver           = <!-- e.g. 1st, 2nd  or 3rd coupled axle -->
| gauge            = {{track gauge|sg}}
| leadingdiameter  = {{convert|1100|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter   = {{convert|2300|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|1100|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve     = 
| wheelbase        = 
|  wheelspacing    = {{ubl|{{convert|2350|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2075|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2550|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2550|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2475|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|<u>{{convert|2350|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} {{=}}</u>}}
|  engine total    = {{convert|14350|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|  leading         = 
|  drivers         = <!-- USA terminology -->
|  coupled         = <!-- British terminology -->
|  trailing        = 
| length           = 
|  over headstocks = {{convert|17175|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|  over buffers    = {{convert|18475|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| width            = 
| height           = {{convert|4200|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| frametype        = 
| axleload         = {{convert|18.9|t|abbr=on}}
|  leadingbogie/pony= <!-- load on leading bogie or pony wheel -->
|  coupled all     = <!-- when the load on all coupled wheels are the same -->
|  coupled 1       = <!-- load on 1st coupled wheel -->
|  coupled 2       = <!-- load on 2nd coupled wheel -->
|  coupled 3       = <!-- etc. -->
|  trail bogie/pony= <!-- load on trailing bogie or pony wheel -->
|  tenderbogieload = <!-- load per tender bogie, use "Truck 1:<br/>Bogie 2:" if different -->
|  tenderaxle      = <!-- use "Axle 1:", etc with "<br/>" for line breaks -->
| weightondrivers  = {{convert|56.7|t|abbr=on}}
| emptyweight      = {{convert|100.5|t|abbr=on}}
| serviceweight    = {{convert|129.1|t|abbr=on}}
| locoweight       = 
| fueltype         = Coal
| fuelcap          = {{convert|5|t|abbr=on}}
| watercap         = {{convert|17|m3|impgal usgal|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| tendercap        = 
| sandcap          = 
| fireboxtype      = <!-- Round-top, Belpaire, combustion chamber, etc. -->
|  firearea        = {{convert|2.75|m2|abbr=on}}
| boiler           = <!-- Watson Standard no. x, etc -->
|  boilertype      = <!-- Domeless, etc -->
|  pitch           = {{convert|3000|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|  diameterinside  = 
|  lengthinside    = {{convert|5000|mm|ftin|frac=8|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
|  smalltubediameter= {{convert|54|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 88 off
|  largetubediameter= {{convert|143|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 33 off
| boilerpressure   = {{convert|20|bar|kgf/cm2 psi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| safetyvalvetype  = <!-- Salter spring balance, Ramsbottom, Pop, etc. -->
| feedwaterheater  = 
|  fireboxarea     = {{convert|14.2|m2|abbr=on}}
|  tubearea        = {{convert|67.7|m2|abbr=on}}
|  archarea        = 
|  fluearea        = {{convert|70.0|m2|abbr=on}}
|  tubesandflues   = 
|  totalsurface    = {{convert|151.9|m2|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype  = 
|  superheaterarea = {{convert|69.2|m2|abbr=on}}
| cylindercount    = Two, outside
| cylindersize     = {{convert|460|x|750|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| cylinderpressure = 
| valvegear        = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Heusinger (Walschaerts)]]
| valvetype        = 
| valvetravel      = 
| valvelap         = 
| valvelead        = 
| transmission     = 
| trainheating     = 
| locobrakes       = [[Knorr Bremse|Hildebrand-Knorr]] automatic ''Schnellbahnbremse'' with auxiliary brakes and [[counterweight brake]]. Operating on both sides of all [[Coupled wheel|coupled]] and [[carrying wheels]].
| locobrakeforce   = 
| trainbrakes      = 
| safety           = 
| coupling         = 
| maxspeed         = {{convert|175|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| indicatedpower   = {{convert|1450|PS|kW hp|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput      = 
| tractiveeffort   = 
| factorofadhesion = 
| operator         = {{ubl|[[Deutsche Reichsbahn]]|[[Deutsche Bundesbahn]]}}
| operatorclass    = 
| powerclass       = 
| numinclass       = 
| fleetnumbers     = 61&nbsp;001
| officialname     = 
| nicknames        = 
| axleloadclass    = 
| locale           = 
| deliverydate     = 
| firstrundate     = 
| lastrundate      = 
| retiredate       = 
| withdrawndate    = November 1952
| preservedunits   = 
| restoredate      = 
| scrapdate        = 
| currentowner     = 
| disposition      = 
| notes            = 
}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name             = DRB 61&nbsp;002
| bgcolor          = A00
| color            = FFF
| image            = DRG 61002-museum-dresden.jpg
| alt              = 
| caption          = O-scale model of 61&nbsp;002 in the Dresden Transport Museum
| powertype        = Steam
| designer         = 
| builder          = [[Henschel & Sohn]]
| ordernumber      = 
| serialnumber     = 23515
| buildmodel       = 
| builddate        = 1939
| totalproduction  = 
| rebuilder        = 
| rebuilddate      = 
| numberrebuilt    = 
| whytetype        = {{whyte|4-6-6|T}}
| uicclass         = 2′C3′ h3t
| DRGtype          = St 38.19
| driver           = Divided: inner cylinder to 1st coupled axle, outer to 2nd
| gauge            = {{track gauge|sg}}
| leadingdiameter  = {{convert|1100|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter   = {{convert|2300|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|1100|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve     = 
| wheelbase        = 
|  wheelspacing    = {{ubl|{{convert|2350|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2100|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2550|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2550|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|2475|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|{{convert|1500|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} +|<u>{{convert|1500|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} {{=}}</u>}}
|  engine total    = {{convert|15025|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|  leading         = 
|  drivers         = <!-- USA terminology -->
|  coupled         = <!-- British terminology -->
|  trailing        = 
| length           = 
|  over headstocks = {{convert|17525|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|  over buffers    = {{convert|18825|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| width            = 
| height           = {{convert|4500|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| frametype        = 
| axleload         = {{convert|18.75|t|abbr=on}}
|  leadingbogie/pony= <!-- load on leading bogie or pony wheel -->
|  coupled all     = <!-- when the load on all coupled wheels are the same -->
|  coupled 1       = <!-- load on 1st coupled wheel -->
|  coupled 2       = <!-- load on 2nd coupled wheel -->
|  coupled 3       = <!-- etc. -->
|  trail bogie/pony= <!-- load on trailing bogie or pony wheel -->
|  tenderbogieload = <!-- load per tender bogie, use "Truck 1:<br/>Bogie 2:" if different -->
|  tenderaxle      = <!-- use "Axle 1:", etc with "<br/>" for line breaks -->
| weightondrivers  = {{convert|56.29|t|abbr=on}}
| emptyweight      = {{convert|112.9|t|abbr=on}}
| serviceweight    = {{convert|146.29|t|abbr=on}}
| locoweight       = 
| fueltype         = Coal
| fuelcap          = {{convert|6|t|abbr=on}}
| watercap         = {{convert|21|m3|impgal usgal|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| tendercap        = 
| sandcap          = 
| fireboxtype      = <!-- Round-top, Belpaire, combustion chamber, etc. -->
|  firearea        = {{convert|2.79|m2|abbr=on}}
| boiler           = <!-- Watson Standard no. x, etc -->
|  boilertype      = <!-- Domeless, etc -->
|  pitch           = {{convert|3060|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|  diameterinside  = 
|  lengthinside    = {{convert|5000|mm|ftin|frac=8|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
|  smalltubediameter= {{convert|54|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 80 off
|  largetubediameter= {{convert|143|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 35 off
| boilerpressure   = {{convert|20|bar|kgf/cm2 psi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| safetyvalvetype  = <!-- Salter spring balance, Ramsbottom, Pop, etc. -->
| feedwaterheater  = 
|  fireboxarea     = {{convert|14.3|m2|abbr=on}}
|  tubearea        = {{convert|61.5|m2|abbr=on}}
|  archarea        = 
|  fluearea        = {{convert|74.2|m2|abbr=on}}
|  tubesandflues   = 
|  totalsurface    = {{convert|150.0|m2|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype  = 
|  superheaterarea = {{convert|73.4|m2|abbr=on}}
| cylindercount    = Three
| cylindersize     = {{convert|390|x|660|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| cylinderpressure = 
| valvegear        = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Heusinger (Walschaerts)]]
| valvetype        = 
| valvetravel      = 
| valvelap         = 
| valvelead        = 
| transmission     = 
| trainheating     = 
| locobrakes       = [[Knorr Bremse|Hildebrand-Knorr]] automatic ''Schnellbahnbremse'' with auxiliary brakes and [[counterweight brake]]. Operating on both sides of all [[Coupled wheel|coupled]] and [[carrying wheels]].
| locobrakeforce   = 
| trainbrakes      = 
| safety           = 
| coupling         = 
| maxspeed         = {{convert|175|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| indicatedpower   = 
| poweroutput      = 
| tractiveeffort   = 
| factorofadhesion = 
| operator         = {{ubl|[[Deutsche Reichsbahn]]|[[Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR)]]}}
| operatorclass    = 
| powerclass       = 
| numinclass       = 
| fleetnumbers     = 61&nbsp;002
| officialname     = 
| nicknames        = 
| axleloadclass    = 
| locale           = 
| deliverydate     = 
| firstrundate     = 
| lastrundate      = 
| retiredate       = 
| withdrawndate    = 
| preservedunits   = 
| restoredate      = 
| scrapdate        = 
| currentowner     = 
| disposition      = Rebuilt to [[DR 18 201|18&nbsp;201]] in 1961
| notes            = 
}}
The two German '''DRG Class 61''' [[Steam locomotive|steam engines]] were [[express train]] locomotives specifically built by [[Henschel]] for the [[Henschel-Wegmann train]] in service with the [[Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft|Deutsche Reichsbahn]]. The Henschel-Wegmann train was an initiative of the German locomotive construction industry, intended to be able to demonstrate a powerful steam locomotive-hauled train alongside the emerging express [[diesel multiple unit]]s, such as the [[DRG Class SVT 877|Hamburg Flyer]].

== Construction ==
[[File:DRG Class 61 number 61 001 in 1935.ogv|left|thumb|61 001 and train at the Centenary of German Railways exhibition in 1935.]]
Because it was planned to run the train in shuttle services to a tight time schedule, it was necessary that the engine could run at top speed in both directions. This resulted in a [[tank locomotive]] rather than the [[Tender (rail)|tender locomotive]] design otherwise used for long-distance high-speed links. In order to be able to attain the high running performance aimed at, locomotives and coaches were designed to be especially light, albeit the coal and water supplies still had to be sufficient for a one-way trip on the planned route.

In building them, component designs from the [[Deutsche Reichsbahn]]'s standard steam locomotives (''[[Einheitsdampflokomotive]]n'') were used as far as possible, but in quite a number of areas other components were used. The [[boiler]] [[overpressure]] was set at the higher level of {{convert|20|atm|psi|1|abbr=on}}, whereas those of the standard locos were operated at {{convert|16|atm|psi|1|abbr=on}}. Both locomotives were fitted with a streamlined shell. The water tank tapered at the front and gave the engine driver and stoker a good all-round view of the line. The "cover plates" covered the drive completely.

In contrast to the first engine, 61&nbsp;002, which was built later, had a drive with three [[Cylinder (locomotive)|cylinders]] and larger supply tanks. To support the latter, the rear carrying bogie was extended to three axles. As a result of the more powerful drive, the punctuality of the train was improved - it had been unsatisfactory with 61&nbsp;001. In addition the second locomotive had [[smoke deflectors]] on top next to the smoke exhaust, which were not fitted to 61&nbsp;001.

== Operation ==
{{Multiple image
|align=left
| direction = vertical
|image1=WP Lokomotive 61 001.jpg
|caption1=61 001 in monochrome war paint in 1940
|image2=WP Stromlinienlokomotive 61002.jpg
|caption2=...or 61 002
}}
With its {{convert|2,300|mm|in|2|abbr=off|adj=on}} diameter [[driving wheels]], the locomotive itself achieved the planned speed of {{cvt|175|km/h|mph}} without any difficulty, but when hauling its [[Streamliner|streamlined]] train it could only reach {{cvt|160|km/h|mph}}. Nevertheless, the scheduled service between [[Dresden]] and [[Berlin]] was successfully delivered, the {{convert|176|km|adj=on}} long route being completed in just 102 minutes, a time that has not been beaten on this route even in the 21st century with the use of faster electric locomotives. However, it was pushed to complete the short turnaround allowed in Dresden because the locomotive had to turn around and fill up on coal and water.

When 61 001 was not available or having maintenance work carried out, a [[DRG Class 01]] or [[DRG Class 03]] headed the train. However, they could only reach top speeds of {{convert|130|km/h|mph}}.

Not long after construction had begun on 61 001, its variant 61 002 was planned and built at the start of 1939. In May of that year, the first factory trial runs were carried out and the locomotive was transferred on 12 June 1939 to the [[locomotive depot]] (''Bahnbetriebswerk'' or ''Bw'') at [[Grunewald (locality)|Grunewald]]. It was taken into service at the beginning of 1939/40, so it likely would not have hauled the streamlined train in regular passenger service due to the war and the [[Henschel-Wegmann train]] being reserved for [[Wehrmacht]] purposes.

After the train's operations ceased at the start of 1939, 61 001 was used for heating duties at ''Bw'' Berlin-Grunewald. From December 1940, it found itself once again in Dresden-Altstadt on express train services and was given conventional train and buffer equipment in November 1942. Its operations log shows that it was only sparingly used. From 1943 to the war's end, the Reichsbahn repair shop (''Reichsbahnsausbesserungswerk'' or ''RAW'') at Braunschweig was responsible for the engine. Between July 1945 and March 1946, it travelled about {{convert|40,000|km|mi}} hauling passenger trains.

== Survival post-1945 ==
Locomotive 61 001 found itself in the  British Zone at the end of the war and was allocated to ''Bw'' [[Hannover]], but seldom used. In 1947 it had a general inspection and on 23 October 1948 it was stationed in [[Bebra]], where it was in regular service until May 1949. After a brief withdrawal, it again clocked up distances of {{convert|3000|to|10000|km|mi|abbr=off}} per month from November 1950. On 2 November 1951 the engine suffered serious damage following an accident in Münster, whereupon it was retired on 14 November 1952 and scrapped in 1957.

[[Image:18201 Hersbruck 30062007 Wasser.JPG|thumb|18 201 (ex 61 002)]]
Locomotive 61 002 remained in Dresden and was employed in passenger train service there. As a one-off it was however always a problem to use it for regular operations. For the Engineering Trials and Development Unit at [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]] (''Versuchs- und Entwicklungsstelle für Maschinenwirtschaft'' or ''[[VES-M Halle]]'') under Max Baumberg, it was however interesting as an experimental engine for speeds over {{convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. It was converted in 1961 by the [[Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)|DR]] in [[East Germany]] in ''[[Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works|RAW Meiningen]]'' to a fast experimental locomotive with a [[Tender locomotive|tender]] and reclassified as [[DR 18 201|18 201]]. With a modern boiler, the outer [[Cylinder (locomotive)|cylinders]] of H 45 024, a newly welded inner cylinder and the carrying axle of a high pressure locomotive, [[DRG Class 45|H 45 024]], it reached speeds of up to {{convert|180|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. In 2002, number 18 201 was totally overhauled in the [[Meiningen]] steam engine shop and is now in the possession of the ''Steam Plus'' company (''Dampf-Plus GmbH'') owned by Christian Goldschagg and [[Axel Zwingenberger]].

==See also==
* [[Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft]]
* [[List of DRG locomotives and railbuses]]
* [[Lokomotiv-Versuchsamt Grunewald|Grunewald Locomotive Research Office]]
* [[MÁV Class 242]], a Hungarian streamlined 4-4-4T of similar age and purpose

== Literature ==
* {{cite book| first=Alfred| last=Gottwaldt| title=Die Baureihe 61 und der Henschel-Wegmann-Zug| publisher=EK-Verlag| location=Freiburg| year=2005| isbn=978-3-88255-161-7| language=de}}
* {{Hütter-60bis91|pages=12–14}}
* {{cite journal| first=Leonhard| last=Bergsteiner| title=175&nbsp;km/h mit Dampf. 70 Jahre Henschel-Wegmann-Zug| journal=Lok Magazin| issue=283| volume=44| year=2005| publisher=GeraNova Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH| location=München| issn=0458-1822| pages=68–72| language=de}}
* {{Weisbrod-EFA1.3|pages=12–17, 226–227}}

{{DRG locomotives}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Steam locomotives of Germany|61]]
[[Category:4-6-4T locomotives]]
[[Category:4-6-6T locomotives]]
[[Category:Streamlined steam locomotives]]
[[Category:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft locomotives|61]]
[[Category:Henschel locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1935]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Germany]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:2′C2′ h2t locomotives]]
[[Category:2′C3′ h3t locomotives]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]