View source for Cywydd

{{Short description|Metrical forms in traditional Welsh poetry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
The '''cywydd''' ({{IPA|cy|ˈkəwɨ̞ð|IPA}}; plural {{lang|cy|cywyddau}}) is one of the most important metrical forms in traditional [[Welsh poetry]] ([[cerdd dafod]]).

There are a variety of forms of the cywydd, but the word on its own is generally used to refer to the {{lang|cy|cywydd deuair hirion}} ("long-lined couplet") as it is by far the most common type.

The first recorded examples of the cywydd date from the early 14th century, when it is believed to have been developed. This was the favourite metre of the [[Medieval Welsh literature|Poets of the Nobility]] from the 14th to 17th centuries and is still used in the 21st.

The cywydd consists of a series of seven-syllable lines in [[Couplet|rhyming couplets]], with all lines written in [[cynghanedd]]. One of the lines must finish with a stressed syllable, while the other must finish with an unstressed syllable. The rhyme may vary from couplet to couplet, or may remain the same. There is no rule about how many couplets there must be in a cywydd.

The {{lang|cy|cywydd deuair hirion}} and the related {{lang|cy|cywydd deuair fyrion}}, {{lang|cy|cywydd llosgyrnog}} and the {{lang|cy|awdl-gywydd}} all occur in the list of the twenty four [[traditional Welsh poetic meters]] adopted in the later [[Middle Ages]].

==See also==
* [[Englyn]]

==References==
* [[Meic Stephens]], 1986, ''The Oxford Companion to the Literature of Wales'', Oxford University Press.

{{expand Welsh|Cywydd|date=June 2020}}

{{Western medieval lyric forms}}

[[Category:Welsh poetry]]
[[Category:Medieval Welsh literature]]
[[Category:Welsh-language literature]]
[[Category:Western medieval lyric forms]]
[[Category:Poetic rhythm]]


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