View source for Cyprinus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Typical carps
| fossil_range = [[Miocene]]–recent

| image = Cyprinus carpio.jpeg
| image_caption = Wild-type [[common carp]] (''C. carpio'')
| taxon = Cyprinus
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| type_species = ''[[Cyprinus carpio]]''
| type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 19 living [[species]]<br />5 possibly recently [[extinct]]<br />1 fossil
| synonyms =
* ''Mesocyprinus'' <small>Fang, 1936</small>
}}

'''''Cyprinus''''' {{IPAc-en|s|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|aɪ|n|ə|s}} is the [[genus]] of '''typical carps''' in family [[Cyprinidae]]. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the [[common carp]] (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this [[invasive species]] has also been [[Introduced species|introduced]] to many other regions around the world.<ref>{{cite web | title = Cyprinus carpio | url = http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Cyprinus+carpio | publisher= [[ISSG]] | date = 4 October 2010 | access-date= 26 February 2017}}</ref> ''Cyprinus'' are closely related to some more [[barb (fish)|barb]]-like genera, such as ''[[Cyclocheilichthys]]'' and ''[[Barbonymus]]'' (tinfoils). The crucian carps (''[[Carassius]]'') of western [[Eurasia]], which include the [[goldfish]] (''C. auratus''), are apparently not as closely related.<ref>de Graaf ''et al.'' (2007)</ref>

This genus's most widespread and well-known member is the common carp (''C. carpio'') [[species complex]]. Although traditionally considered a single species, recent authorities have split the European and West Asian populations from the East Asian, with the latter named ''[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus|C. rubrofuscus]]'' ([[syn.]] ''C. carpio haematopterus'').<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Huckstorf, V. |date=2012 |title=''Cyprinus rubrofuscus'' |volume=2012 |page=e.T166052A1108337 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T166052A1108337.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{FishBase | genus = Cyprinus | species = rubrofuscus | id=59920 | month = February | year = 2017}}</ref> Members of the species complex are famed as a [[food fish]] and have been widely traded and introduced since [[ancient history|antiquity]], but in certain areas has multiplied inordinately and become a [[Pest (organism)|pest]]. In its long use it has been [[domesticated]], and a number of [[breed]]s have been developed for food and other purposes. The [[koi]] (from [[Japanese (language)|Japanese]] ''nishikigoi'', 錦鯉) are well-known carp breeds, [[Selective breeding|selectively bred]] for being enjoyed by spectators from above. Strictly speaking, ''koi'' is simply the Japanese name of the East Asian carp.

The other [[species]] of typical carp are generally found in more restricted areas of eastern [[Asia]], centered on the [[Yunnan]] region. In some cases, they are [[Endemism|endemic]] to a single [[lake]], most notably [[Lake Erhai]], as well as [[Lake Dian]], [[Fuxian Lake]], [[Lake Jilu]], [[Lake Qilihu]], [[Lake Xingyun]] and [[Lake Yi-Lung]], which are all in Yunnan proper. Several of these species are seriously threatened and five are possibly already [[extinct]]: ''[[Cyprinus yilongensis|C. yilongensis]]'' (Lake Yi-Lung), ''[[Cyprinus yunnanensis|C. yunnanensis]]'' (Lake Qilihu),  ''[[Cyprinus daliensis|C. daliensis]]'' (Lake Erhai), ''[[Cyprinus megalophthalmus|C. megalophthalmus]]'' (Lake Erhai) and ''[[Cyprinus fuxianensis|C. fuxianensis]]'' (Fuxian Lake).<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Zhou, W. |date=2011 |title=''Cyprinus yilongensis'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T6179A12546193 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T6179A12546193.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite iucn |author=Cui, K. |date=2011 |title=''Cyprinus yunnanensis'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T166169A6186294 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T166169A6186294.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref><ref>Wang, Wang, Li, Du, Yang, Lassoie, and Hassan (2013). ''Six decades of changes in vascular hydrophyte and fish species in three plateau lakes in Yunnan, China.'' Biodivers. Conserv. 22: 3197–3221. [[doi: 10.1007/s10531-013-0579-0]]</ref>

== Species ==
[[File:Six koi.jpg|thumb|Japanese [[koi]] (ornamental domesticated carp) with various colors]]
The following species are currently recognized in the genus.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Cyprinus | month = February | year = 2017}}</ref>

* ''[[Cyprinus acutidorsalis]]'' <small>[[Chen Hsiang-Lin|H. L. Chen]] & H. Q. Huang, 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus barbatus]]'' <small>[[Chen Hsiang-Lin|H. L. Chen]] & H. Q. Huang, 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus carpio]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]</small> [[File:Common carp (white background).jpg|70 px]]
* ''[[Cyprinus chilia]]'' <small>[[Wu Hsien-Wen|H. W. Wu]], [[Yang Gan-Rong|G. R. Yang]], [[Yue Pei-Qi|P. Q. Yue]] & [[Huang Hong-Jin|H. J. Huang]], 1963</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus dai]]'' <small>([[Nguyễn Văn Hảo|V. H. Nguyễn]] & [[Doan Le Hoa|L. H. Doan]], 1969)</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus daliensis]]'' <small>[[Chen Hsiang-Lin|H. L. Chen]] & H. Q. Huang, 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus exophthalmus]]'' <small>[[Mai Đinh Yên|Đ. Y. Mai]], 1978</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus fuxianensis]]'' <small>Yang et al., 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus hieni]]'' <small>[[Nguyen Thai Tu|T. T. Nguyen]] & [[Hồ Anh Tuấn|A. T. Ho]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus hyperdorsalis]]'' <small>[[Nguyễn Văn Hảo|V. H. Nguyễn]], 1991</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus ilishaestomus]]'' <small>[[Chen Hsiang-Lin|H. L. Chen]] & H. Q. Huang, 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus intha]]'' <small>[[Nelson Annandale|Annandale]], 1918</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus longipectoralis]]'' <small>[[Chen Hsiang-Lin|H. L. Chen]] & H. Q. Huang, 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus longzhouensis]]'' <small>Y. J. Yang & H. Q. Huang, 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus megalophthalmus]]'' <small>[[Wu Hsien-Wen|H. W. Wu]] et al., 1963</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus melanes]]'' <small>([[Mai Đinh Yên|Đ. Y. Mai]], 1978)</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus micristius]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1906</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus multitaeniatus]]'' <small>[[Jacques Pellegrin|Pellegrin]] & [[Pierre Chevey|Chevey]], 1936</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus pellegrini]]'' <small>[[Tchang Tchung-Lin|T. L. Tchang]], 1933</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus qionghaiensis]]'' <small>[[Liu Chen-Han|C. H. Liu]], 1981</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus quidatensis]]'' <small>[[Nguyen Thai Tu|T. T. Nguyen]], [[Le Viet Thang|V. T. Le]], [[Le Thi Binh|T. B. Le]] & [[Nguyễn Xuân Khoa|X. K. Nguyễn]], 1999</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus]]'' <small>[[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1803</small> <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Cyprinus rubrofuscus Bleeker.jpg|70 px]]</span>
* [[extinct|†]]''[[Cyprinus yilongensis]]'' <small>Yang et al., 1977</small>
* ''[[Cyprinus yunnanensis]]'' <small>[[Tchang Tchung-Lin|T. L. Tchang]], 1933</small>

=== Fossil species ===
* [[fossil|†]]''[[Cyprinus priscus]]'' <small>von Meyer</small> (fossil species from Miocene Germany)

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}

* {{aut|de Graaf, Martin; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Samallo, Johannis & Sibbing, Ferdinand A.}} (2007): Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small ''Barbus'' species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation. ''[[Animal Biology (journal)|Anim. Biol.]]'' '''57'''(1): 39–48. <small>{{doi|10.1163/157075607780002069}}</small> (HTML abstract)

{{Taxonbar|from=Q134653}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cyprinus| ]]
[[Category:Cyprininae]]
[[Category:Carp]]
[[Category:Fauna of Yunnan]]
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish genera]]