View source for Csárdás

{{Short description|Hungarian folk dance}}
{{About|a type of folkdance|the specific composition by Vittorio Monti|Csárdás (Monti)|Csárdás compositions by Franz Liszt|Csárdás (Liszt)}}
[[File:Csárdás.tif|thumb|Csárdás]]
[[File:Czardas dance pattern.png|thumb|250px|Csárdás [[rhythm]].<ref name="Blatter">Blatter, Alfred (2007). ''Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice'', p. 28. {{ISBN|0-415-97440-2}}.</ref>]]
'''Csárdás''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɑr|d|æ|ʃ|}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|d|ɑː|ʃ}}; {{IPA|hu|ˈt͡ʃaːrdaːʃ|lang}}), often seen as '''Czárdás''', is a traditional [[Hungarian folk dance]], the name derived from ''{{Lang|hu|csárda}}'' (old Hungarian term for roadside [[tavern]] and restaurant). It originated in Hungary and was popularized by bands in Hungary as well as neighboring countries and regions such as of [[Slovenia]], [[Burgenland]], [[Croatia]], [[Transylvania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Vojvodina]] and [[Moravia]], as well as among the [[Banat Bulgarians]], including those in [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Pesnite na banatskite bǎlgari |journal=Regionalni Proučvanija Na Bǎlgarskija Folklor. Tom 4. Severozapadna Bǎlgarija: Obštnosti, Tradicii, Identičnost |last=Kaufman |first=Nikolaj |authorlink=Nikolay Kaufman |page=36 |language=Bulgarian |issn=0861-6558 |year=2002 }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Voivodina Hungarians national costume and dance 6.jpg|thumb|[[Hungarians in Serbia]], [[Doroslovo]], dancing the csárdás]]


The origin of the csárdás was a death dance, when the soldier fought with his opponent, watched him, watched his weak points, then as a victor killed him and danced in joy with the others.

So the origin of the csárdás can be traced back to the Turkish wars.

The csárdás is characterized by a variation in [[tempo]]: it starts out slowly (''[[Lassan (music)|lassú]]'') and ends in a very fast tempo (''[[Friska|friss]]'', literally "fresh"). There are other tempo variations, called ''ritka csárdás'', ''sűrű csárdás'' and ''szökős csárdás''. The music is in {{Music|time|2|4}} or {{Music|time|4|4}} [[time signature|time]]. The [[dance]]rs are both male and female, with the women dressed in traditional wide [[skirt]]s, which form a distinctive shape when they whirl.

{{Listen|type=music|title=Csárdás|filename=USAFB Czardas.ogg
|description="[[Csárdás (Monti)|Csárdás]]" (1904) by [[Vittorio Monti]], performed by the [[United States Air Force Band]]|pos=left}}
Classical composers who have used csárdás themes in their works include [[Emmerich Kálmán]], [[Franz Liszt]], [[Johannes Brahms]], [[Léo Delibes]], [[Johann Strauss II|Johann Strauss]], [[Pablo de Sarasate]], [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], [[Franz von Suppé]], [[Vittorio Monti]], and others. The csárdás "[[Klänge der Heimat]]" from [[Johann Strauss II|Strauss]]' [[operetta]] ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'', sung by the character Rosalinde, is probably the most famous example of this dance in vocal music. One of the best-known examples of instrumental csárdás is the [[Csárdás (Monti)|composition]] by [[Vittorio Monti]] for [[violin]] and [[piano]]. This virtuoso piece has seven tempo variations.

The original folk csárdás, as opposed to the later international variants, is enjoying a revival in Hungary thanks to the [[táncház]] movement.
{{clear|left}}

The dance is also popular among [[Romani people in Hungary|Romani people]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.romarchive.eu/en/dance/hungary-overview-botolo-and-czardas/|title=Hungarian Dance Collection}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Márk Rózsavölgyi]], "the father of csárdás"

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Sárosi, Bálint, ''Zigeunermusik'' (Gypsy Music), 1977

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Csárdás}}
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3czardas.htm StreetSwing's Dance History Archives: Czardas or Csárdás]
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02115/html/1-1224.html Hungarian Lexikon] {{in lang|hu}}
* [https://www.cimbalom.nl/blank Hungarian csárdás – around 1200 audiofiles]
* {{YouTube|7OlIG5bv9Zs|Friss Csárdás}}

{{Hungarian Folk Music}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Csardas}}
[[Category:18th-century music genres]]
[[Category:Hungarian styles of music]]
[[Category:Hungarian dances]]
[[Category:Hungarian words and phrases]]
[[Category:Dance forms in classical music]]
[[Category:Romani dances]]