View source for Croatian Americans

{{Short description|Americans of Croatian birth or descent}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Croatian Americans<br /> ''Američki Hrvati''
| image = Croatian USC2000 PHS.svg
| pop = '''414,714'''<ref name="USCensus">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=people%20reporting%20ancestry&t=Ancestry&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B04006&hidePreview=false|title=Table B04006 - PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY. - 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|work=US Census Bureau}}</ref>–'''1.2 million+ (est.)'''<ref name="Diaspora" />
| popplace = [[Pennsylvania]], [[Illinois]], [[Ohio]], [[California]], [[North Carolina]], [[Pacific Northwest]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Tennessee]], [[Louisiana]], [[Missouri]], [[Nevada]], [[Colorado]] and [[Minnesota]]. Relatively few also live in [[Montana]], [[New Mexico]], [[Delaware]], [[Texas]] or [[South Carolina]].
| langs = [[American English]] and [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
| rels = Predominantly [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]
| related = Slavic Americans, [[Croatian Canadians]], [[European Americans]], [[Czech Americans]], [[Polish Americans]], [[Serbian Americans]], [[Italian Americans]], [[Slovak Americans]], [[Lithuanian Americans]], [[Slovene Americans]], [[Hungarian Americans]]
}}
{{Croats}}
'''Croatian Americans''' or '''Croat Americans'''{{Cref2|a}} ({{langx|hr|Američki Hrvati}}) are [[Americans]] who have full or partial [[Croats|Croatian]] ancestry. In 2012, there were 414,714 American citizens<ref name="USCensus" /> of [[Croat]] or [[Croatia]]n descent living in the United States as per revised [[2010 United States Census]]. The figure includes all people affiliated with United States who claim Croatian ancestry, both those born in the country and [[naturalized]] citizens, as well as those with [[dual citizenship]] who affiliate themselves with both countries or cultures.

Croatian Americans identify with other [[European American]] ethnic groups, especially Slavic Americans and are predominantly of [[Roman Catholic]] faith. Regions with significant Croatian American population include  metropolitan areas of [[Chicago]], [[Cleveland]], [[New York City]], [[Southern California]] and especially [[Pittsburgh]], the seat of [[Croatian Fraternal Union]], [[fraternal benefit society]] of the [[Croatian diaspora]].<ref name=CFU /><ref name="pittsburgh" /> [[Croatia]]'s ''State Office for the Croats Abroad'' estimated that there are up to 1.2 million Croats and their descendants living in the United States.<ref name="Diaspora" />

==Demographics==

===Numbers===
According to the 2007 U.S. Community Survey, there were 420,763 Americans of full or partial Croatian descent.<ref name="2007-American-Community-Survey">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=424&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en|title=S0201 - Selected Population Profile in the United States - Population Group: Croatian (109-110), Data Set: 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Survey: American Community Survey|work=US Census Bureau}}{{Dead link|date=January 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> According to the [[1990 United States census]], there were over 544,270 Croatian Americans who identified themselves as being of Croatian descent or being born in Croatia.<ref name="Barkan2013">{{cite book|author=Elliott Robert Barkan|title=Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SOvskj0HNt8C&pg=PT1294|access-date=January 23, 2016|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-220-3|page=1294}}</ref> As of 2012, there were 414,714 American citizens.<ref name="USCensus" /> It is estimated by the [[Croatia]]'s ''State Office for the Croats Abroad'' that there are around 1,200,000 Croats and their descendants living in the United States today.<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/en/hmiu/croatian-diaspora-in-the-united-states-of-america/35|title=Croatian Diaspora in the United States of America|publisher=Republic of Croatia State Office for Croats Abroad|date=2013|access-date=January 23, 2016|archive-date=February 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206072611/http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/en/hmiu/croatian-diaspora-in-the-united-states-of-america/35|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the 2006–2010 [[American Community Survey]], the [[U.S. state|states]] with the largest Croatian American populations are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |title=Table B01003: 2006-2010 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>

* [[Pennsylvania]] (50,995)
* [[California]] (45,537)
* [[Illinois]] (44,065)
* [[Ohio]] (41,430)
* [[New York (state)|New York]] (26,607)
* [[Michigan]] (20,547)
* [[Florida]] (16,360)
* [[Wisconsin]] (15,775)
* [[Indiana]] (13,306)
* [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (13,268)
* [[New Jersey]] (13,154)

===History===
*1880 estimate: 20,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr/Croatian-Americans.html|title=Croatian Americans - History, Modern era, The first croatians in america, Missionaries|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>
*1980 census: 252,970<ref>{{cite web|first1=Angela|last1=Brittingham|author2=G. Patricia de la Cruz|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for United States: 1980|work=US Census Bureau|access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>
*1990 census: 544,270<ref name="Ancestry:2000">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |title=Ancestry:2000 - Census 2000 Brief C2KBR-35 |work=US Census Bureau |date=June 2004 |access-date=January 23, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/http%3A//www%2Ecensus%2Egov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr%2D35%2Epdf |archive-date=December 4, 2004 }}</ref>
*2000 census: 374,241<ref name="Ancestry:2000"/>
*2005 community survey: 401,208<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en|title=Population Group: Croatian (109-110) - Data Set: 2005 American Community Survey|work=US Census Bureau|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200210222207/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en|archive-date=February 10, 2020}}</ref>

===Croatian-born population===
Croatian-born population in the U.S. from 2010 to 2017 according to the [[American FactFinder]] numbered:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B05006&prodType=table |title=American FactFinder - Results |access-date=2018-04-23 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214060704/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B05006&prodType=table |archive-date=2020-02-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width:80px;"|Year
! scope="col" style="width:160px;"|Number
|- align=center
| 2010
| 47,740
|- align=center
| 2011
| {{decrease}} 41,484
|- align=center
| 2012
| {{increase}} 45,295
|- align=center
| 2013
| {{decrease}} 39,026
|- align=center
| 2014
| {{increase}} 43,067
|- align=center
| 2015
| {{decrease}} 36,978
|- align=center
| 2016
| {{increase}} 39,747
|- align=center
| 2017
| {{decrease}} 35,962
|-
|}

== History ==

The first major immigration of Croats was recorded in 1715.<ref name="Preveden">{{cite book |last=Preveden |first=Francis |year=1962 |title=A History of the Croatian People |location=New York |publisher=Philosophic}}</ref> At the time, approximately twelve hundred Croatian Protestants, whose ancestors had left the [[Austrian Empire]] after [[Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt|unsuccessful peasant revolts]] in 1573 and anti-Reformation edict of 1598, arrived in the American colony of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. They settled in the valley of [[Savannah River]].<ref name="Preveden" /> Those settlers introduced silk-worm cultivation in Georgia. The community prospered for 150 years, until it was demolished during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref name="Olasiji">Thompson Dele Olasiji, ''Migrants, Immigrants, and Slaves: Racial and Ethnic Groups in America'', pp. 119-123</ref>

In 1683, a Croat Jesuit, named Ivan Ratkaj (Juan Ratkay) established a mission in northwest [[New Spain]]. In 1746, another Jesuit, Ferdinand Konšak (Consago Gonzales), drew the first dependable map of [[Baja California]]. Beginning in 1783, Joseph Kundek, a Croat missionary, helped to develop several midwestern towns, including [[Ferdinand Township, Dubois County, Indiana|Ferdinand]] and [[Jasper, Indiana|Jasper]], both in [[Dubois County, Indiana]]. In the 1830s, various groups in the Austrian Empire sent financial aid to America to support missionary activities.<ref name="Olasiji" />

Many early Croat immigrants settled in [[New Orleans]],<ref name="Preveden" /> and were employed as traders, artisans and fishermen. By the 1860s, there were around six hundred Croat families in New Orleans. Several families settled permanently in [[Alabama]]. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], some three thousand Croats resided in the South, mostly in [[Louisiana]], [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]]. Hundreds of them volunteered for the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]] and [[Confederate States Navy|Navy]]. After the defeat of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] in 1865, many Croats who had served in the Confederate military moved to the West.<ref name="Olasiji" />

Significant emigration from what is now Croatia dates from the mid-late 1880s and early 1890s, peaking around 1905-1910, when many Croatians, the majority of them [[Roman Catholic]]s, began emigrating to the United States. Many were [[economy|economic]] immigrants, while others considered themselves [[Right of asylum|political refugees]].<ref name="CroatsinUS">{{cite web|first=Anica|last=Čuka|url=http://www.geografija.hr/svijet/hrvati-u-sad-u/|title=Hrvati u SAD-u|trans-title=Croats in the United States|language=hr|publisher=geografija.hr|date=April 14, 2009|access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="HIA">{{cite web|url=http://www.hia.com.hr/iseljenici/iseljenici01.html|title=Veza s Hrvatima izvan Republike Hrvatske|trans-title=Connection of Croats outside of the Croatian Republic|language=hr|publisher=hia.com.hr|date=2006|access-date=January 23, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304011728/http://www.hia.com.hr/iseljenici/iseljenici01.html|archive-date=March 4, 2007}}</ref>

Like other [[Immigration|immigrants]] of that period, they migrated to find [[employment]]. Many of them, mostly single young men but, often, married women with or without their families, settled in small towns in Pennsylvania and New York as coal miners or steelworkers. Many also settled in factory towns and farming areas in Midwestern states such as [[Wisconsin]], [[Minnesota]], [[Indiana]], [[Illinois]], and [[Iowa]]. For most of the single men, the stay was only temporary. Once they had saved enough money, many Croatian men returned to Croatia. However, those who did choose to stay found permanent residence.<ref name="Preveden" /><ref name="CroatsinUS" /><ref name="Gorvorchin" />

Within a comparatively short period of time, Croatians could be found all over the United States from New York to California, from [[New Orleans]] to [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul|Minneapolis-St. Paul]].<ref name="CroatsinUS" />  As it went through its most rapid expansion during the time of the 1890-1914 Great Migration and shortly thereafter from the onset of the First World War to the  general clampdown on immigration in 1924, Croats and other South and West Slavs and members of other groups peaking in influx at the time were prominent in the history of the mining industry in the [[Iron Range]] of Minnesota; much the same is the case with the forestry-related industries there, elsewhere in Minnesota and in much of Wisconsin.  A notable Croatian-American from the Iron Range was [[Rudy Perpich]], the 34th and 36th Governor of the state representing the Democrat/Farmer-Labor Party; he served terms in office from December 29, 1976, to January 4, 1979, and from January 3, 1983, to January 7, 1991, spans of time which add up to make him the longest-serving governor in the state's history.  In private life, Perpich was a dentist and after leaving office in 1991 assisted the post-communist government of Croatia. He was born in Carson Lake, Minnesota (now part of Hibbing) on June 27, 1928, and died of cancer in [[Minnetonka]], Minnesota on September 21, 1995.

A new wave of Croatian immigrants began to arrive after World War II. These were mostly political refugees, including orphans whose parents had been killed during the war, individuals and families fleeing [[SFR Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]'s [[Communism|communist]] authorities.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /> Most of these Croatians settled in established Croatian [[Colony|colonies]], often among relatives and friends. Beginning in 1965, America saw a new influx of Croatians.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /> Gradually, this new wave of immigrants joined Croatian Catholic parishes and organizations, and soon became the contemporary bearers of Croatian culture and tradition in the United States. Currently, only a small number of Croatians continue to emigrate, mostly those who have relatives already well established in America.<ref name="HIA" />

Croatian immigrants also settled in [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]] and [[Missouri]] (esp. [[Kansas City]] and [[St. Louis]]).<ref name="hrvatiizvanrh.hr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/en/hmiu/croatian-diaspora-in-the-united-states-of-america/35|title=Naslovna|access-date=February 23, 2014|archive-date=February 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206072611/http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/en/hmiu/croatian-diaspora-in-the-united-states-of-america/35|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Croatian community developed in [[Mobile, Alabama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.croatia.org/crown/croatians/www.croatians.com/CROATIA%20AND%20CROATIANS.htm|title= ABOUT CROATIA AND CROATIANS|access-date=April 2, 2021}}</ref> and another similar community in [[Pueblo, Colorado]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&q=Croatian+immigrants+in+Pueblo%2C+Colorado&pg=PA294 |title = Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration|isbn = 9781598842197|last1 = Barkan|first1 = Elliott Robert|year = 2013| publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref>

[[Mississippi (state)|Mississippi]] and [[Biloxi, Mississippi|Biloxi]] declared [[22 September]] Croatian Heritage Day on 22 September 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/mississippi-and-biloxi-declare-september-22-croatian-heritage-day/|title=Mississippi and Biloxi declare September 22 Croatian Heritage Day|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|date=23 September 2023|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref>

== Settlements ==
[[File:Croatian men in club of town Joliet Illinois.jpg|thumb|Group of Croatian men in the club of town [[Joliet, Illinois]] around 1900]]

The first recorded Croatian immigrants to the United States arrived in 1850, often via the resettlement from nations that are presently known as [[Austria]], [[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Spain]], and [[Portugal]], and southern [[France]]. During this period many Croats, who were employed in [[manufacturing]] the [[maritime industry|maritime]] sector of the [[Mediterranean]] states, began emigrating to the [[Americas]]. This first wave arrived in regions of the United States where employment opportunities were similar to where they had arrived from. By the middle of the 20th Century, the metropolitan areas of [[Chicago]], [[Cleveland]], [[Pittsburgh]], [[New York City]], [[San Francisco Bay Area]] and the region of [[Southern California]] had the largest populations of people with Croatian ancestry.<ref>{{cite web|first=George J.|last=Prpic|url=http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=C13|title=Croatians|publisher=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|date=July 15, 1997|access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="hrvatiizvanrh.hr"/>

[[File:Croatian Place.JPG|thumb|Croatian Place district in [[San Pedro, Los Angeles, California]].]]

Croatian immigrants first settled in the [[Western United States]] in the second half of the 19th century, mainly in what were then growing urban centers of [[Los Angeles]], [[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]], [[San Francisco]], [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]].<ref name="LPC" /> It is estimated that more than 35,000 Croats live in [[Los Angeles metropolitan area]] today, making it the biggest Croatian community on the Pacific coast.<ref name="LPC" /> San Francisco became the center of Croatian social life in California, where they established the first Croatian emigration society, ''Croatian American Cultural Center of San Francisco'', in 1857.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanfrancisco.com/croatian-american-cultural-center-of-san-francisco-b7527|title=Croatian American Cultural Center of San Francisco|publisher=sanfrancisco.com|access-date=January 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104042557/http://www.sanfrancisco.com/croatian-american-cultural-center-of-san-francisco-b7527|archive-date=January 4, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Tadich Grill]] in San Francisco is an example from the era,  the oldest continuously running restaurant in the city.<ref>{{cite web|first=Amanda|last=Berne|url=http://www.sfgate.com/restaurants/article/A-grand-old-Grill-After-155-years-San-2567447.php|title=A grand old Grill / After 155 years, San Francisco's iconic restaurant still packs them in|publisher=[[SFGate]]|date=September 28, 2005|access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref> The Los Angeles metropolitan area was a major destination for the post-1980s [[Yugoslavia]]n immigration, including Croats and [[Bosnian Croats]] from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] who escaped the [[Bosnian civil war]] in the 1990s. They formed several communities in [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] and [[San Fernando Valley]].<ref name="CroatsinUS" />

An unspecified number of Croats also settled in [[Washington state]] and [[Oregon]], particularly metropolitan areas of [[Seattle]] and [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] respectively.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /><ref name="LPC" />

Some of the first groups of immigrants settled in [[Pennsylvania]] as well.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /><ref name="HIA" /> As a major industrial center of the state, [[Pittsburgh]] employed a lot of immigrants from Croatia, many of them were working in the [[heavy industry]]. At the beginning of the century there were an estimated 38,000 Croats in Pittsburgh. It was estimated that there were more than 200,000 Croatians and their descendants living in Pennsylvania in the early 1990s.<ref name="pittsburgh">{{cite web |url=http://www.popularpittsburgh.com/pittsburgh-info/pittsburgh-culture/pittsburgh-nationalities/pittsburghcroatiancommunity.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418225538/http://www.popularpittsburgh.com/pittsburgh-info/pittsburgh-culture/pittsburgh-nationalities/pittsburghcroatiancommunity.aspx |archive-date=2012-04-18 |title=Croatia: Small Country Has Big Impact on Pittsburgh |website=popularpittsburgh.com |access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref>

The first Croatian settlers in [[Michigan]] appeared in the late 19th century.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /><ref name="LPC" /> In [[Illinois]], the Croatians started concentrating mostly around Chicago. Although it was created a bit later, the Croatian settlement in Chicago became one of the most important ones in the United States. The settlement especially started developing after World War I and Chicago became the center of all Croatian cultural and political activities. It is calculated that there were roughly 50,000 Croats in Chicago in the 1990s, while there were altogether 100,000 Croats living in 54 additional Croatian settlements in Illinois. Croats form a large community in [[Indianapolis]] in [[Indiana]] since the 1910s, as well in [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] and [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]].<ref name="CroatsinUS" /><ref name="HIA" />
<!-- Furthermore, Croatian settlement in Kansas City played an important role as well. This settlement, too, was founded in the last decades of the 19th century, with the first neighborhood west of Armour Packing Co. and along James Street. The Strawberry Hill neighbourhood of Kansas City is an example of a city quarter almost entirely founded by Croats. First Croatian Settlement in St. Louis started forming very early. It generally consisted of immigrants who came from Louisiana along the Mississippi toward the north. According to Ante Tresic-Pavic, who visited the region in 1907, there were around 4-5 thousand Croats in St. Louis. The majority of them lived in boarding houses and had low paid jobs at that time. -->

While at first New York City served merely as a station on arriving settlers' way elsewhere into the United States, mainly the [[Midwest]], [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] saw an influx of Croatian and other European settlers in early 19th, before and following [[First World War]]; mainly the cities of [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] and New York, the latter of which is the site of [[Church of Sts. Cyril & Methodius and St. Raphael (New York City)|SS. Cyril, Methodius, and Raphael's Church]], a Roman Catholic parish, part of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York]].<ref name="Shapiro" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://croatianchurchnewyork.org/historypovijest.html |title=History |access-date=January 4, 2015}}</ref>

During the [[Klondike Gold Rush]], a group of 3,000 Croatian immigrants settled in [[Alaska]] and [[Canada]].<ref name="LPC">{{cite book |editor-first1=Francis H. |editor-last1=Eterovich |editor-first2=Christopher |editor-last2=Spalatin |year=1964 |title=Croatia: Land, People, and Culture |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press}}</ref><!-- Today, Alaska may be home to 50,000 persons of Croatian descent, about one-eighth of the state population. -->
<!-- Recently arrived Croatian immigration into some states like [[Florida]] (esp. the [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] and [[Tampa Bay]] areas), [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[North Carolina]], [[Virginia]], [[Texas]] (i.e. the [[Dallas]]/[[Fort Worth]] and [[Houston]] areas) and [[Oklahoma]] should be noted.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} -->

There is a Croatian community in [[Las Vegas]].<ref>{{cite book|title= The Peoples Of Las Vegas: One City, Many Faces| isbn=9780874176513 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=nCuVDwAAQBAJ| last1=Simich | first1=Jerry L. | last2=Wright | first2=Thomas C. | date=7 March 2005 | publisher=University of Nevada Press }}</ref>

== Culture ==

=== Social association ===
Croatian Americans maintain a close relationship with the region they come from.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /> The diaspora is considered to have played a pivotal role in securing Croatia's victory in [[Croatian War of Independence]] by providing substantial financial aid and advocating for American involvement in the conflict.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dokumenti iz iseljeništva - Uloga hrvatskih intelektualaca u borbi za slobodnu Hrvatsku [Documents from exile - the role of Croatian intellectuals in a fight for independent Croatia] |first=Vladimir |last=Benković |year=1999 |publisher=AMCA Toronto}}</ref> [[Chain migration]] contributed to the creation of settlements of Croats coming from the same regions of Croatia.<ref name="Gorvorchin">{{cite book |last=Gorvorchin |first=Gerald G. |year=1961 |title=A History of the Croatian People |location=Gainesville |publisher=University of Florida}}</ref> They were connected because of their similar occupations that they had, equal social status and Roman Catholic religion.<ref name="Gorvorchin" /> The most popular informal meeting points of Croatians were the [[Western saloon|saloons]]. They were usually engaged in various charity organizations, and were among the first Croatian immigrants who learned to speak English.<ref name="Prpic" /> Beside these informal gatherings, Croatian Americans established several thousand organizations of different importance. In his work, "''Early Croatian Immigration to America After 1945''", Prpic states that there were around 3,000 organizations founded between 1880 and 1940 in the United States.<ref name="Prpic">{{cite book |last=Prpic |first=George |year=1971 |title=The Croatian Immigrants in America |url=https://archive.org/details/croatianimmigran0000prpi |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Philosophic|isbn=9780802220356 }}</ref> Croatians first started founding charitable, cultural, educational, religious, business, political, sporting or athletic organizations. All these organizations were firmly rooted in the settlement where they were initiated. Croatians were a minority group both in relation to Americans and other nationalities.<ref name="Shapiro" /> Furthermore, the Croats came with the latest groups of immigrants, which led to a further feeling of insecurity. Most of early settlers did not speak English and held low-paid jobs, which created an inferiority complex. They found security within an organization of their own [[ethnic group]].<ref name="Shapiro">{{cite book |last=Shapiro |first=Ellen |year=1989 |title=The Croatian Americans |location=New York |publisher=Chelsea House}}</ref><ref name="Prpic" />

===Religion===

The Croatian diaspora is predominantly Roman Catholic.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /> Croatian [[missionary|missionaries]] founded [[parish]]es, churches and benevolent societies throughout the country wherever Croatian Americans settled.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /> Often, the priests were the only educated members of the Croatian colonies, and thus they had to assume [[leadership]] roles; moreover, they were among the first to learn English well and often served as translators and interpreters.<ref name="Gorvorchin" /> Their primary responsibility, however, was the organization of Croatian Catholic parishes in the urban centers with substantial Croatian populations. Thus, at the beginning of this century there were Croatian churches in Pittsburgh and [[Steelton, Pennsylvania|Steelton]], [[Pennsylvania]], New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Saint Louis and other cities. The oldest parish is St. Nicholas Church in Pittsburgh, founded in 1894; several others were erected in the early 1900s, such as the [[Church of the Nativity (Menlo Park, California)|Church of the Nativity]] in San Francisco. Even before being officially established in 1926, the Croatian Franciscan [[friar]]s traveled throughout the United States, establishing and assisting in Croatian parishes and keeping alive the religious and national sentiments of their people.<ref name="CroatsinUS" /> Today, there are over 30 Croatian parishes in [[North America]].<ref name="Shelly Gledhill">{{cite web|first=Shelly|last=Gledhill|url=http://eagle.ceu.edu/node/4922|title=Colby Vranes, awaiting his mission in life|publisher=eagle.ceu.edu|date=March 3, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730103432/http://eagle.ceu.edu/node/4922|archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref> For example, in New Jersey there are St. Cyril and Methodius and St. Raphael Catholic parishes that also serve as Croatian Catholic missions.<ref name=klub>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/50-years-of-croatian-land-and-croatian-cultural-club-cardinal-stepinac-in-america/|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|title=50 years of Croatian Land and Croatian Cultural Club Cardinal Stepinac in America |date=3 October 2023|access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref>

===Organizations===
* The Croatian American organization [[Croatian Fraternal Union]] is a society with long roots in the country.  It was founded in 1897.<ref name=CFU />  During World War II, the organization provided financial aid for Croatia.<ref name=CFU /> The CFU contributes to Croatian Americans by scholarships and cultural learning.<ref name=CFU>{{cite web|url=http://www.croatianfraternalunion.org/en_US/about-cfu/cfu-history.html|title=History of the Croatian Fraternal Union of America|work=CFU|access-date=May 28, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429052200/http://www.croatianfraternalunion.org/en_US/about-cfu/cfu-history.html|archive-date=April 29, 2013 }}</ref>
* The National Federation of Croatian Americans Cultural Foundation was founded in 1993 in Chicago<ref>[https://www.croatiaweek.com/national-federation-of-croatian-americans-cultural-foundation-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-nations-capital/ National Federation of Croatian Americans Cultural Foundation celebrates 30th anniversary in nation’s capital] ''croatiaweek.com''. Croatia Week. Published 7 June 2023. Access date 10 June 2023.</ref> as a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the interest of the Croatian people - embodying heritage of culture and language, integrity in human rights and equality in self-determination, advancing economic development, and freedom from persecution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfcacf.org|title=National Federation of Croatian Americans Cultural Foundation|access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref>
* The Croatian American Association is a group which lobbies the [[United States Congress]] on issues related to Croatia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caausa.org/|title=Croatian American Association|work=caausa.org|access-date=January 23, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124104502/http://www.caausa.org/|archive-date=January 24, 2016}}</ref>
* In 2007, the annual Croatian Film Festival in New York was founded by The Doors Art Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arhiva.dalje.com/en-croatia/croatian-film-festival-opens-in-new-york/81034|title=Croatian Film Festival Opens in New York|publisher=javno.com|access-date=March 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129181705/http://arhiva.dalje.com/en-croatia/croatian-film-festival-opens-in-new-york/81034|archive-date=January 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In October 2022, National Federation of Croatian Americans Cultural Foundation held inaugural induction of laureates in the Croatian-American Sports Hall of Fame in [[Cleveland]]: [[Helen Crlenkovich]], [[Fred Couples]], [[John Havlicek]], [[Mickey Lolich]], [[Roger Maris]], [[Kevin McHale (basketball)|Kevin McHale]], [[George Mikan]], [[Mark Pavelich]], [[Joe Sakic]] and [[Joe Stydahar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/inaugural-croatian-american-sports-hall-of-fame-induction-held/ |title=Inaugural Croatian-American Sports Hall of Fame induction held |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=October 18, 2022 |website=croatianweek.com |publisher=Croatia Week |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> 2024 inductees were: [[Ralph Cindrich]], [[Bill Fralic]], [[Kara Grgas-Wheeler Goucher]], [[Tim Grgurich]], [[Jim Laslavic]], [[John Mayasich]], [[Frank Sinkwich]], [[Frank Solich]], [[Rudy Tomjanovich]], [[Paul Tomasovich]] and [[Fritzie Zivic|Ferdinand “Fritzie” Zivic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/croatian-american-sports-hall-of-fame-announces-2024-inductees/|title=Croatian American Sports Hall of Fame announces 2024 inductees|publisher=Croatia Week|date=7 May 2024|website=croatiaweek.com|quote=The CAS-HOF Selection Committee announced the following 2024 inductees: Ralph Cindrich, Bill Fralic, Kara Grgas-Wheeler Goucher, Tim Grgurich, Jim Laslavic, John Mayasich, Frank Sinkwich, Frank Solich, Rudy Tomjanovich, Paul Tomasovich and Ferdinand “Fritzie” Zivic.}}</ref>

===Clubs===
In 1973, Croatian Cultural Club Cardinal Stepinac was established in [[Montville, New Jersey]] at the land acquired by the Croatian community, parishioners of St. Cyril and Methodius and St. Raphael parishes, on the initiative of the Father Mladen Čuvalo.<ref name=klub/> Club gathers Croats of New York and New Jersey.<ref name=klub/>

===Events===
City of Los Angeles Croatian Culture Week was held in LA from 19 to 28 May 2023., with Croatian Heritage Night hosted by [[Los Angeles Football Club]] and Southern California Croatian Bocce Ball Tournament.<ref>[https://www.croatiaweek.com/first-ever-croatian-culture-week-in-los-angeles-starts/ First-ever Croatian Culture Week in Los Angeles starts] ''croatiaweek.com''. Croatia Week. Published 20 May 2023.</ref> Croatian Festival and Picnic of the Croatian Catholic Parish of St. Anthony in Los Angeles is traditionally organized on the feast day of [[Nativity of Mary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/croatian-citizenship-ceremony-highlights-las-vibrant-croatian-festival-picnic/|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|date=12 September 2023|title=Croatian citizenship ceremony highlights LA's vibrant Croatian festival & picnic}}</ref> Traditional picnic for the same occasion is also organized in [[New York City|New York]] by Cultural Club Cardinal Stepinac.<ref>{{cite web|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatian Week|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/croatian-american-community-celebrates-mala-gospa-with-traditional-picnic/|title=Croatian-American community celebrates 'Mala Gospa' with traditional picnic|date=11 September 2023}}</ref>

[[San Pedro, California]] is a host of the Croatian Tennis Tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/san-pedro-hosts-croatian-tennis-tournament-as-team-usa-prepares-for-croatian-world-games/|title=San Pedro hosts Croatian Tennis Tournament as Team USA prepares for Croatian World Games|website=croatiaweek.com|date=3 April 2023|publisher=Croatia Week|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The annual Croatian Street Party is held at Croatian Hall in San Pedro.<ref name=CalCCHM/>

Radio Days of Vinko Kužina ({{langx|hr|Radijski dani Vinka Kužine}}) premiered at the Croatian parish of ‘St. Cyril and Methodius’ in Manhattan, at the end of October 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/celebrating-a-croatian-american-visionary-radio-days-of-vinko-kuzina-premieres-in-new-york/|title=Celebrating a Croatian-American visionary: 'Radio Days of Vinko Kužina' premieres in New York|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|date=31 October 2023|access-date=5 November 2023}}</ref>

==Celebrations==
* [[Los Angeles]] declared the month of May as Croatian Cultural Heritage Month in 2024.<ref name=CalCCHM>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/california-embraces-croatian-culture-with-month-long-festivities/|title=California embraces Croatian culture with month-long festivities|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|date=26 May 2024}}</ref>

==Media==
Croatian Radio New York was established in [[Manhattan, New York|Manhattan]], in 1969.<ref name=CRNY55>{{cite web|title=Croatian Radio New York turns 55|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/croatian-radio-new-york-turns-55/|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|date=23 February 2024}}</ref> Radio founders purchased the building in 1977, thus housing the radio station.<ref name=CRNY55/> As of February 2024, 20 volunteers run the programm.<ref name=CRNY55/> [[Croatian president]] [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]] awarded Croatian Radio Club New York with the [[Charter of the Republic of Croatia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatianradiony.com/predsjednica|language=hr|title=Predsjednica Republike Hrvatske Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović uručila Povelju Hrvatskom radio klubu New York|publisher=Croatian Radio New York}}</ref>

Croatian American Media Association Corp runs "Croatians Online" [[digital media|digital]] [[media platform]] in four languages (Croatian, English, [[German language|German]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]) with [[radio]], [[streaming]], [[social media]] content and [[podcast]]s with aim to "connect Croats around the world through their life experiences, customs, culture, history, music, art and gastronomy".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://croatiansonline.com/en/pratite-croatians-online-nas-na-facebooku-instagramu-i-linkedinu/|title=Follow Croatians Online on Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn|website=croatiansonline.com|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{main list|List of Croatian Americans}}  
Notable Croatian Americans, past and present, include:

=== Art ===

* [[Mirko Ilić]], graphic designer and comics artist
* [[Ivan Meštrović]], sculptor and Professor at Syracuse and Notre Dame
* [[Vinko Nikolić]], writer, poet and journalist
* [[Maksimilijan Vanka]], painter
* [[Matthew Yuricich]],  Academy Award nominated special effects artist

=== Film ===
• [[Tim Burton]], director
* [[Anna Chlumsky]], actress
* [[Christina Cindrich]], television producer, host, and actress
* [[Jenna Elfman]], actress
* [[Josip Elic]], actor
* [[Judah Friedlander]], actor and comedian
* [[Mira Furlan]], actress
* [[Gloria Grey]], actress
* [[Bobby Grubic]], film and commercial director / producer
* [[Anne Jackson]], actress
* [[Lou Lumenick]], film critic
* [[Branko Lustig]], film producer, Academy Award winner
* [[John Malkovich]], actor
* [[Joe Manganiello]], actor
* [[Ivana Miličević]], actress
* [[John Miljan]], actor
* [[Sergio Mimica-Gezzan]], television director
* [[Daniella Monet]], actress
* [[Patrick Muldoon]], actor
* [[Frank Pavich]], director
* [[George Payne (actor)]], pornographic film actor
* [[Rick Rossovich]], actor
* [[Izabela Vidovic]], actress
* [[Goran Višnjić]], actor
* [[Dianne Wiest]], actress
* [[Louis Zorich]], actor
* [[Jim Zulevic]], actor and comedian

=== Music ===

* [["Weird Al" Yankovic]] - singer, musician, songwriter, record producer, actor, and author.
* [[Thana Alexa]] - jazz vocalist, composer, arranger, and producer.
* [[Zlatko Baloković]], violinist
* [[Tony Butala]], lead singer of vocal group, [[The Lettermen]]
* [[Alex Katunich]], bassist of [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]]
* [[Clair Marlo]] (born Clara Veseliza), singer, songwriter, composer, and record producer 
* [[Sanya Mateyas]] Croatian born (as Sanja Matejaš) singer, lead singer for Los Angeles-based hard-rock band Duda Did It
* [[Tajči|Tatjana Matejaš Cameron]], singer
* [[Miljenko Matijević]], singer and songwriter; the lead vocalist of rock band Steelheart
* [[Johnny Mercer]], four-time Academy Award winner
* [[Helen Merrill]] (born Jelena Milcetic), [[jazz]] singer 
* [[Zinka Milanov]], operatic spinto soprano
* [[Tomo Miličević]], musician and lead guitarist of the [[alternative rock]] band [[Thirty Seconds to Mars]]
* [[Guy Mitchell]], pop singer
* [[Krist Novoselić]], bassist of [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]
* [[Marty Paich]], pianist, composer, arranger, record producer, music director, and conductor.
* [[David Paich]], keyboardist for the rock band Toto, composer, arranger, producer
* [[Mia Slavenska]], prima ballerina
* [[Louis Svećenski]], violinist and rector of the [[Boston Academy of Music]]
* [[Paul Salamunovich]], renowned choral conductor of the [[Los Angeles Master Chorale]]
* [[Frank Secich]], rock musician, songwriter, author, record producer ([[Blue Ash (band)|Blue Ash]], [[Stiv Bators]], Club Wow)
* [[Johnny Vidacovich]], jazz drummer. Father's side Croatian, mother's side Sicilian.

=== Science ===

* [[Milislav Demerec]], geneticist
* [[Terry Jonathan Hart]], former astronaut
* [[Jacob Matijevic]],  NASA engineer
* [[Paul L. Modrich]], biochemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2015)
* [[Mario Puratić]],  inventor of [[Puretic power block]]
* [[Bogdan Raditsa]], historian
* [[Pasko Rakic]], neuroscientist
* [[George M. Skurla]], aeronautical engineer for the Apollo Program
* [[Henry Suzzallo]], president of the [[University of Washington]]
* [[Dinko Tomašić]], sociologist

=== Politics ===
* [[Michael D. Antonovich]], Republican politician in California
* [[Mark Begich]],  [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] senator from [[Alaska]]
* [[Nick Begich Sr.|Nick Begich]],  Democratic representative from [[Alaska]]
* [[Michael Anthony Bilandic]], Democratic mayor of [[Chicago]]
* [[Frank Ivancie]], Democratic mayor of [[Portland, Oregon]]
* [[Dennis Kucinich]], Democratic representative from [[Ohio]]
* [[John Kasich]], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] governor of [[Ohio]]
* [[Rose Mofford]], Democratic governor of [[Arizona]]
* [[Rudy Perpich]], Democratic governor of [[Minnesota]]
* [[George Radanovich]], Republican representative from [[California]]
* [[Michael Stepovich]], Republican governor of [[Alaska Territory]]
* [[Pete Visclosky]], Democratic representative from [[Indiana]]

=== Entrepreneurs ===
* [[Tony Robbins]], coach
* [[Mike Grgich]], winemaker
* [[Anthony Francis Lucas]], oil industry pioneer
* [[Anthony Maglica]], entrepreneur and inventor of [[Maglite]] flashlights
* [[Mario Puratic]], entrepreneur and inventor of [[Puretic power block]]

=== Sports ===

* [[Lonzo Ball]], professional basketball player
* [[Cameron Johnson]], professional basketball player, Croatian on mother's side
* [[Bill Belichick]], professional football coach
* [[Pete Carroll]], professional football coach
* [[Jason Chorak]], college football player
* [[Krešimir Ćosić]], professional basketball player
* [[Duje Dukan]], professional basketball player, born in Croatia
* [[David Diehl]], professional football player, Croatian on mother's side
* [[Greg Dulcich]], professional football player, full Croatian on father and mother's sides
* [[Elvis Grbac]], professional football player
* [[Toni Kukoč]], professional basketball player
* [[John Jurkovic]], professional football player
* [[Mickey Lolich]], professional  baseball player
* [[Roger Maris]], professional  baseball player
* [[John Mayasich]], hockey player
* [[Kevin McHale (basketball)|Kevin McHale]] and [[John Havlicek]], NBA hall of fame members, both share Croatian ancestry on their mothers' sides (Starcevic and Turkalj being their mothers' respective maiden names)
* [[Travis Kelce]], professional football player
* [[Jason Kelce]], professional football player
* [[Pat Miletich]], UFC Hall of Famer
* [[Stipe Miocic]], UFC World Heavyweight Champion
* [[George Mikan]], professional basketball player
* [[Mark Pavelich]], professional hockey player
* [[Mike Pecarovich]] - American college football coach, lawyer, and actor.
* [[Johnny Pesky]], professional baseball player and announcer
* [[Christian Pulisic]], professional soccer player
* [[Gene Rayburn]], game show host
* [[Lou Saban]], football coach
* [[Nick Saban]], professional football coach
* [[Rudy Tomjanovich]], professional basketball player and coach
* [[Danny Vranes]] (Vranješ), professional basketball player (NBA)<ref name="Shelly Gledhill"/>
* [[Fritzie Zivic]], boxer, held the world [[welterweight]] championship

=== Religion ===
* [[Blase Joseph Cupich]], American catholic cardinal
* [[Our Lady of Medjugorje|Ivan Dragićević]], Catholic visionary
* [[Ferdinand Konščak]], Croatian missionary to North America
* [[John E. Kozar]], Roman Catholic priest and president of the Catholic Near East Welfare Association

=== Other ===
* [[Mike Cernovich]], social media personality and political commentator. Both of his paternal great-grandparents were Croatian immigrants.
* [[Norman Cota]], [[United States Army]] general
* [[Louis Cukela]], [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]], two-time [[Medal of Honor]] recipient
* [[Jakša Cvitanić]], mathematician
* [[William Feller]], mathematician
* [[Gary Gabelich]],  race car driver.
* [[Anthony Jeselnik]], comedian. His maternal grandfather was Michael Nicholas "Mike" Bakarich, the son of Steven Bakarich who was the son of Croatian immigrants Nick Bakarich and Catherine Popic.
* [[Kathy Keller]], Christian writer
* [[Ron Kovic]], anti-war activist
* [[Brian Krzanich]], ex-CEO of [[Intel]]
*[[Peter Miscovich]] (born Pero Mišković, 1885–1950), founder of the world's longest-operating family-owned gold mine still in operation.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Charles C.|last1=Hawley|first2=John|last2=Miscovich|first3=Andrew|last3=Miscovich|url=http://alaskamininghalloffame.org/inductees/miscovich.php|title=Peter Miscovich|publisher=Alaska Mining Hall of Fame Foundation|date=2006|access-date=September 28, 2010}}</ref>
* [[Steve Nelson (activist)]], labor activist and organizer, political Commissar in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, and National Commander of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (VALB)
* [[Nick Piantanida]], an amateur parachute jumper
* [[Bill Rancic]], [[entrepreneurship|entrepreneur]], [[reality television|reality TV]] star, winner of the first season of [[The Apprentice (U.S. TV series)|The Apprentice]]
* [[John J. Tominac]], Medal of Honor recipient
* [[Peter Tomich]], Medal of Honor recipient, [[United States Navy]] sailor

==In Literature==
[[John Grisham]]'s novel "The Boys from Biloxi" is focused on the Croatian American community of [[Biloxi]]. Grisham describes in considerable detail the [[family history]] of his protagonists, third-generation Croatian Americans, and the general development of the Croatian community in Biloxi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jgrisham.com/the-boys-from-biloxi|title=The Boys from Biloxi|website=jgrisham.com|quote=Chapter 1 <br>A hundred years ago, Biloxi was a bustling resort and fishing community on the Gulf Coast. Some of its 12,000 people worked in shipbuilding, some in the hotels and restaurants, but for the majority their livelihoods came from the ocean and its bountiful supply of seafood. The workers were immigrants from Eastern Europe, most from Croatia where their ancestors had fished for centuries in the Adriatic Sea. The men worked the schooners and trawlers harvesting seafood in the Gulf while the women and children shucked oysters and packed shrimp for ten cents an hour. There were forty canneries side by side in an area known as the Back Bay. In 1925, Biloxi shipped twenty million tons of seafood to the rest of the country. Demand was so great, and the supply so plentiful, that by then the city could boast of being the 'Seafood Capital of the World'.|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Croatia|United States}}
{{commons category}}
* [[Croats]]
* [[List of Croats]]
* [[Croatia–United States relations]]
* [[Yugoslav Americans]]

== Notes and references ==
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}
{{Cnote2|a|"Croat Americans" is seldom used in the United States, with "Croatian Americans" being far more common. In [[Croatian language|Croatian]] itself, "American Croats" (''Američki Hrvati'') is most commonly used, with "Croats in America" (''Hrvati u Americi'') being a close alternative.}}
{{Cnote2 End}}
;Citations
{{Reflist|30em}}

;Bibliography
* {{cite book |last=Barkan |first=Elliott Robert |year=2013 |title= Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-219-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Dele Olasiji|first=Thompson |title=Migrants, Immigrants, and Slaves: Racial and Ethnic Groups in America |publisher=University Press of America |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-81919-738-2}}
* {{cite book |editor1=Eterovich, Francis H. |editor2=Spalatin, Christopher|year=1964 |title=Croatia: Land, People, and Culture |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Gorvorchin |first=Gerald G. |year=1961 |title=A History of the Croatian People |location=Gainesville |publisher=University of Florida}}
* {{cite book |last=Preveden |first=Francis |year=1962 |title=A History of the Croatian People |location=New York |publisher=Philosophic}}
* {{cite book |last=Prpic |first=George |year=1971 |title=The Croatian Immigrants in America |url=https://archive.org/details/croatianimmigran0000prpi |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Philosophic|isbn=9780802220356 }}
* {{cite book |last=Shapiro |first=Ellen |year=1989 |title=The Croatian Americans |location=New York |publisher=Chelsea House}}

== Further reading ==

{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Adamic |first=Luj |title=A Nation of Nations |url=https://archive.org/details/nationofnations00adam |url-access=registration |year=1945 |publisher=New York, Harper |location=New York }}
* {{cite book |first=Ljubomir |last=Antić |title=Hrvati i Amerika |year=1992 |location=Zagreb |publisher=Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada |language=hr|trans-title=Croats and the America}}
* {{cite book |last=Bonutti |first=Karl |title=Selected Ethnic Communities of Cleveland: A Socio-Economic Study |year=1974 |location=Cleveland |publisher=Cleveland State University }}
* {{cite book |url=http://juniusbooks.com/search.php?keywords=cordasco%20dictionary%20history%20immigration |last=Cordasco |title=Dictionary of American Immigrants in America |year=1971 |location=New York |publisher=Philosophical Library |access-date=2007-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713125130/http://juniusbooks.com/search.php?keywords=cordasco%20dictionary%20history%20immigration |archive-date=2011-07-13 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last1=Habenstein |first1=R. W. |last2=Wright |first2=R. Jr. |title=Ethnic families in America: Patterns and variations |edition=3rd |year=1998 |location=Englewood Cliffs NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=0-444-01319-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicfamiliesin0000unse_3ed0 }}
* Ifković, Edward. "Croatian Americans." in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,'' edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp.&nbsp;577–589. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300056/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=5e332101 Online]
* {{cite book |first=Jamshid A. |last=Momeni |title=Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Housing in the United States |year=1986 |location=New York |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-24848-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/raceethnicitymin00mome }}
* {{cite book |last=Thernstrom |first=Stephen |title=Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups |year=1980 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-37512-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080703090112/http://www.croatians.com/croatia_and_croatians.htm Croatia and Croatians], Books about Croats in America
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090104065221/http://www.croatians.com/BIBLIOGRAPHY-CROATIANS.htm Bibliography about Croatian Americans], Papers about Croats in America

{{Slavic Americans}}
{{Yugoslav Americans}}
{{Croatian diaspora}}
{{European Americans}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Croatian diaspora in the United States| ]]
[[Category:Croatian diaspora by country|American]]
[[Category:European diaspora in the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Croatian descent| ]]