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{{Short description|Art museum in London, England}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{use list-defined references|date=April 2013}}
{{use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox museum
| name             = Courtauld Gallery
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
| logo             = Courtauld Gallery logo.gif
| image            = File:Coultauld Galleries.jpg
| imagesize        = 230
| caption          = Interior of the Courtauld Gallery
| alt              = 
| map_type         = Central London
| map_caption      = 
| map_alt          = 
| map_size         =
| coordinates      = {{coord|51|30|42.3|N|0|07|02.9|W|region:GB_type:edu_source:dewiki|display=title}}
| established      = {{Start date and age|1932|df=yes}}
| dissolved        = 
| location         = [[Somerset House]], [[Strand, London|Strand]]<br />[[London]], [[WC postcode area|WC2]]<br />England
| type             = Art collection
| collection       = 530 paintings; 26,000 drawings
| visitors         = 
| director             = [[Ernst Vegelin]]
| president        = 
| curator          = 
| owner            =
| publictransit    = {{rint|london|underground}} {{lus|Temple}}<br />{{rint|gb|Rail}} {{rws|Charing Cross}}
| car_park         = 
| network          = 
| website          = {{url|courtauld.ac.uk}}
}}
The '''Courtauld Gallery''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|ɔər|t|əʊ|l|d|}}) is an [[art museum]] in [[Somerset House]], on the [[Strand, London|Strand]] in central London. It houses the collection of the Samuel Courtauld Trust and operates as an integral part of the [[Courtauld Institute of Art]].

The Courtauld collection was formed largely through donations and bequests, and includes paintings, drawings, sculptures and other works from medieval to modern times. It is particularly known for its [[Impressionism|French Impressionist]] and [[Post-Impressionism|Post-Impressionist]] paintings. The collection contains some 530 paintings and over 26,000 drawings and prints.<ref name=murdoch/> The head of the Courtauld Gallery is [[Ernst Vegelin]].<ref name=court2/> The gallery closed on 3 September 2018 for a major redevelopment, called Courtauld Connects,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/courtauld-gallery-impressionist-japan|title=After the National Gallery, the Courtauld is the latest London institution to send masterpieces to Japan|website=theartnewspaper.com|date=25 July 2019 }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/nov/23/courtauld-gallery-to-close-for-two-years-for-50m-revamp|title=Courtauld Gallery to close for two years for £50m revamp|first=Mark |last=Brown |date=23 November 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> and reopened on 19 November 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Courtauld Gallery |url=https://courtauld.ac.uk/gallery/about-the-courtauld-gallery/ |website=Courtauld Gallery |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

The Courtauld Institute of Art is a self-governing college of the [[University of London]] specialising in the study of the [[history of art]]. The director designate of the Courtauld Institute of Art is Professor [[Mark Hallett (art historian)|Mark Hallett]].

==History==
[[File:Microcosm of London Plate 002 - Exhibition at Somerset House by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin. 1800..jpg|thumb|Pugin's ''Exhibition Room, Somerset House'', showing a room which is now part of the Courtauld Gallery]]

The Courtauld Institute was founded in 1932 through the philanthropic efforts of the industrialist and art collector [[Samuel Courtauld (art collector)|Samuel Courtauld]], the diplomat and collector [[Arthur Lee, 1st Viscount Lee of Fareham|Lord Lee of Fareham]], and the art historian Sir [[Robert Witt (art historian)|Robert Witt]].

The art collection at the Courtauld was begun by Samuel Courtauld, who in the same year presented an extensive collection of paintings, mainly [[Impressionism|French Impressionist]] and [[Post-Impressionism|Post-Impressionist]] works. He made further gifts later in the 1930s and a bequest in 1948.

[[File:Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère.jpg|thumb|''[[A Bar at the Folies-Bergère]]'' (1882) by [[Édouard Manet]]]]

His collection included [[Édouard Manet|Manet]]'s ''[[A Bar at the Folies-Bergère]]'' and a version of the ''[[The Luncheon on the Grass|Déjeuner sur l'Herbe]]'', [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir|Renoir]]'s ''[[La Loge]]'', landscapes by [[Claude Monet]] and [[Camille Pissarro]], a ballet scene by [[Edgar Degas]], and a group of eight major works by [[Paul Cézanne|Cézanne]]. Other paintings include [[Vincent van Gogh]]'s ''[[Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear]]''  and ''Peach Blossoms in the Crau'', [[Paul Gauguin|Gauguin]]'s ''Nevermore'' and ''Te Rerioa'', and important works by [[Georges Seurat|Seurat]], [[Henri Rousseau|Henri "le Douanier" Rousseau]], [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec|Toulouse-Lautrec]] and [[Amedeo Modigliani|Modigliani]].

Further bequests were added after the [[Second World War]], most notably the collection of [[Old Master]] paintings assembled by Lord Lee, a founder of the institute. This included [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Cranach]]'s ''Adam and Eve'' and a sketch in oils by [[Peter Paul Rubens]] for what is arguably his masterpiece, the ''[[The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)|Deposition]]'' altarpiece in [[Cathedral of Our Lady (Antwerp)|Antwerp Cathedral]].

Sir Robert Witt, also a founder of the Courtauld Institute, was an outstanding benefactor and bequeathed his important collection of Old Master and British drawings in 1952. His bequest included 20,000 prints and more than 3000 drawings. His son, Sir John Witt, later gave more English watercolours and drawings to the Gallery.

In 1958, Pamela Diamand, the daughter of [[Roger Fry]] the art critic and founder of the [[Omega Workshops]], donated his collection of [[20th-century art]] including works by [[Bloomsbury Group]] artists [[Vanessa Bell]] and [[Duncan Grant]].

In 1966, Mark Gambier-Parry, son of Major [[Ernest Gambier-Parry]], bequeathed the diverse collection of art formed by his grandfather, [[Thomas Gambier Parry]], which ranged from [[Early Renaissance painting|Early Italian Renaissance painting]] to [[Maiolica|majolica]], medieval [[vitreous enamel|enamel]] and [[ivory]] carvings, and other types of art (see section below).

[[William Wycliffe Spooner|Dr William Wycliffe Spooner]] (1882–1967) and his wife Mercie added to the Gallery's collection of English watercolours in 1967 with a bequest of works by [[John Constable]], [[John Sell Cotman]], [[Alexander Cozens|Alexander]] and [[John Robert Cozens]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[Thomas Girtin]], [[Samuel Palmer]], [[Thomas Rowlandson]], [[Paul Sandby]], [[Francis Towne]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[Peter De Wint]] and others.<ref name=murdoch/><ref name=spooner/>

In 1974, a group of thirteen watercolours by Turner was presented in memory of Sir [[Stephen Courtauld]], who restored [[Eltham Palace]], and the brother of Samuel Courtauld.

In 1978 the Courtauld received the Princes Gate Collection of Old Master paintings and drawings formed by Count [[Antoine Seilern]]. The collection rivals the Samuel Courtauld Collection in importance. It includes paintings by [[Bernardo Daddi]], [[Robert Campin]], [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder|Bruegel]], [[Quentin Matsys]], [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]] and [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]], but is strongest in the works of Rubens. The bequest also included a group of 19th- and 20th‑century works by [[Camille Pissarro|Pissarro]], [[Edgar Degas]], [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] and [[Oskar Kokoschka]].

The [[art dealer]] and [[art historian]] [[Lillian Browse]] donated more than thirty works in 1982, and bequeathed a further eight; among them were [[bronze sculpture|bronzes]] by Degas and [[Rodin]], and paintings by [[William Nicholson (artist)|William Nicholson]] and [[Walter Sickert]].{{r|farr2}}

A collection of more than 50 British watercolours, including eight by Turner, was left to the Gallery by Dorothy Scharf in 2004.<ref name=court3/>

The gallery closed on 3 September 2018 until 19 November 2021 for a major redevelopment costing £50M.<ref name="auto"/>

==Location==
[[File:Somerset House, Strand.jpg|thumb|The [[Strand, London|Strand]] block of [[Somerset House]], designed by [[William Chambers (architect)|William Chambers]] from 1775 to 1780, home of the Courtauld Institute and the Courtauld Gallery since 1989]]

From 1958 to 1989 the Courtauld collection was housed in part of the premises of the [[Warburg Institute]] in [[Woburn Square]];<ref name=court/> it was thus separated from the Courtauld Institute, which was in [[Home House]], [[Portman Square]].

Since 1989 it has been housed, together with the Courtauld Institute, in the North or Strand block of Somerset House, in the rooms designed and purpose-built by [[Sir William Chambers]] for the [[learned society|learned societies]], namely the [[Royal Academy]] (of which Chambers was the first Treasurer), the [[Royal Society]] and the [[Society of Antiquaries of London|Society of Antiquaries]].

The Royal Academy occupied them from their completion in 1780 until it moved to the new [[National Gallery]] building in [[Trafalgar Square]] in 1837. Inscribed over the entrance to the Great Room, in which the annual [[Royal Academy summer exhibition]] was held, is the formidable inscription <small>ΟΥΔΕΙΣ ΑΜΟΥΣΟΣ ΕΙΣΙΤΩ</small> ("Let no stranger to the [[Muse]]s enter" in [[Ancient Greek]]).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Farr|first1=Dennis|last2=Newman|first2=John|title=Guide to the Courtauld Institute Galleries at Somerset House|year=1990|publisher=Courtauld Institute Galleries|location=London|page=36}}</ref>

==Highlights of the collection==

===Paintings===
[[File:Vincent van Gogh - Self-portrait with bandaged ear (1889, Courtauld Institute).jpg|thumb|''[[Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear]]'', by [[Vincent van Gogh]]; oil on canvas; [[Arles]], January 1889]]
[[File:The Customs Post by Henri Rousseau c1890.jpg|thumb|''The Customs Post'', c.&nbsp;1890; by [[Henri Rousseau]]]]
[[File:Francisco de Saavedra (Goya).jpg|thumb|''Portrait of Don Francisco de Saavedra'', by [[Francisco Goya]]]]

''Dutch School''
*[[Vincent van Gogh]] – 3 paintings;

''Early Netherlandish''
*[[Robert Campin]] (or Master of Flemalle), the [[Seilern Triptych]]
*[[Quentin Matsys]] – 2 paintings;

''English School''
*[[William Beechey]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Thomas Gainsborough]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Peter Lely]] – 3 paintings;

''Flemish School''
*[[Anthony van Dyck]] – 5 paintings;
*[[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]] – 2 paintings, many drawings;
*[[Peter Paul Rubens]] – 29 paintings;
*[[David Teniers the Younger]] – 10 paintings;

''French School''
*[[Paul Cézanne]] – 12 paintings;
*[[Edgar Degas]] – 6 paintings;
*[[Paul Gauguin]] – 3 paintings;
*[[Claude Lorrain]] – 1 painting;
*[[Édouard Manet]] – 4 paintings;
*[[Claude Monet]] – 3 paintings;
*[[Camille Pissarro]] –  4 paintings;
*[[Alfred Sisley]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Georges-Pierre Seurat]] – 9 paintings;
*[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] – 4 paintings;
*[[Chaïm Soutine]] – 1 painting;
*[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Henri Rousseau]] – 1 painting;

''German School''
*[[Lucas Cranach the Elder]] – 1 painting;

''Italian School''
*[[Fra Angelico]] – 4 paintings;
*[[Giovanni Bellini]] – 1 painting;
*[[Sandro Botticelli]] – 1 painting;
*[[Bernardo Daddi]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Lorenzo Lotto]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Lorenzo Monaco]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Pietro Perugino]] – 1 painting;
*[[Pesellino]] – a diptych
*[[Parmigianino]] – 2 paintings;
*[[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]] – 12 paintings;
*[[Tintoretto]] – 2 paintings;

''Spanish School''
*[[Francisco Goya]] – 1 painting;

==Gambier-Parry Collection==
[[File:Lorenzo Monaco, Coronation of the Virgin, Christ Redeemer, 1388-90, Courtauld Institute of Art Gallery.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lorenzo Monaco]], ''Coronation of the Virgin'', 1388–1390]]
[[Thomas Gambier Parry]] (1816–1888) was a keen and versatile collector for most of his adult life. Many of his purchases were made on trips to the continent, especially Italy, but he also bought from dealers and auctions in England, and sometimes sold items.

His most important collections were of late medieval and Early Renaissance paintings, small sculpted [[relief]]s, ivories, and [[maiolica]], but he also had a significant early collection of Islamic metalwork, and a variety of other types of objects, for example [[Hispano-Moresque ware]], glass and three small post-Byzantine wooden crosses from [[Mount Athos]] elaborately carved with miniature scenes.

The Courtauld Gallery website shows images and descriptions of 324 objects from the 1966 bequest, which included the bulk of the collection.<ref name=artandarch2/>

Gambier Parry began by collecting mostly 16th- and 17th-century works, but his focus gradually moved to 14th- and 15th-century works, still relatively little collected, although [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] was among British collectors of "Italian Primitives", as [[Trecento]] paintings were then known. Among his most important paintings were a ''[[Coronation of the Virgin]]'' by [[Lorenzo Monaco]], one of the larger works in the collection, three [[predella]] panels with roundels of Christ and saints by [[Fra Angelico]], and a small but important [[diptych]] of the [[Annunciation]] by [[Pesellino]].  There are two further predella panels by Lorenzo Monaco, and many other small panels by lesser-known masters.  Later Renaissance works include ones by [[Il Garofalo]], [[Sassoferrato]], and there is a [[Baroque]] ''Assumption'' by [[Francesco Solimena]].  There are a number of [[illuminated manuscript]] pages from the workshop of the [[Boucicaut Master]].

The sculptures include three fine 15th-century marble reliefs of the Virgin and Child, the most significant by [[Mino da Fiesole]].<ref name=john/> There is a [[Limoges enamel]] book cover panel, a number of Renaissance Limoges items, and several small Gothic ivories.<ref name=john/><ref name=blunt/><ref name=mallet/>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Triptych-with-the-entombment-of-christ-1822.jpg|[[Robert Campin]], ''[[Seilern Triptych]]'', c. 1425
File:Botticelli Trinity.jpg|[[Sandro Botticelli]], [[Holy Trinity (Botticelli)|''Holy Trinity with Mary Magdalene, John the Baptist and Tobias and the Angel (Pala della Convertite)'']], 1491–1493
File:Parmigianino, Virgin and Child.jpg|[[Parmigianino]], [[Virgin and Child (Parmigianino)|''Virgin and Child'']], 1525–1527
File:Adam and Eve (UK CIA P-1947-LF-77).jpg|[[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], ''[[Adam and Eve (Cranach)|Adam and Eve]]'', 1526
File:Pieter Bruegel der Ältere - Landschaft mit der Flucht nach Ägypten.jpg|[[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], [[Landscape with the Flight into Egypt (Bruegel)|''Landscape with the Flight into Egypt'']], 1563
File:Peter Paul Rubens - Familie van Jan Brueghel de Oude.jpg|[[Peter Paul Rubens]], ''The Family of Jan Brueghel the Elder'', 1613-1615
File:Portrait of Margaret Gainsborough - Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|[[Thomas Gainsborough]], ''Portrait of Margaret Gainsborough'', 1778
File:Édouard Manet - Study for Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe.jpg|[[Édouard Manet]], ''[[Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe|The Luncheon on the Grass]]'', c. 1863-1868
File:Monet w 290 autumn effect in argenteuil.jpg|[[Claude Monet]], ''Autumn Effect at Argenteuil'', 1873
File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 023.jpg|[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], ''[[La Loge|The Theater Box]]'', 1874
File:Degas - Two Dancers on a Stage.jpg|[[Edgar Degas]], ''Two Dancers on a Stage'', 1874
File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 026.jpg|[[Edgar Degas]], ''Woman at a Window'', 1875–1878
File:Georges Seurat 012.jpg|[[Georges Seurat]], ''Bridge of Courbevoie'', 1886–1887
File:Cezanne - Mont Sainte-Victoire, Courtauld.jpg|[[Paul Cézanne]], ''[[Mont Sainte-Victoire with Large Pine]]'', c. 1887
File:Vincent van Gogh - Perzikbomen in bloei.jpg|[[Vincent van Gogh]], ''[[Flowering Orchards|Peach Trees in Blossom]]'', April, 1889
File:Young Woman Powdering Herself Georges Seurat.jpg|[[Georges Seurat]], ''[[Young Woman Powdering Herself (Seurat)|Young Woman Powdering Herself]]'', 1889–1890
File:Paul Cézanne, 1892-95, Les joueurs de carte (The Card Players), 60 x 73 cm, oil on canvas, Courtauld Institute of Art, London.jpg|[[Paul Cézanne]], ''[[The Card Players]]'', 1892–1895
File:Nature morte au Chérubin, par Paul Cézanne.jpg|[[Paul Cézanne]], ''Still Life with Cherub'', 1895
File:Paul Gauguin 091.jpg|[[Paul Gauguin]], [[Nevermore (Gauguin)|Nevermore]] ''(O Taiti)'', 1897
File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 106.jpg|[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], ''Portrait of [[Ambroise Vollard]]'', 1908
File:Amedeo Modigliani 060.jpg|[[Amedeo Modigliani]], ''[[Seated Nude (1916)|Female Nude]]'', 1916
</gallery>

==Resources==

The Courtauld publishes an online image collection, <code>artandarchitecture.org.uk</code>,<ref name=artandarch/> which provides access to more than 40,000 images, including paintings and drawings from The Courtauld Gallery, and over 35,000 photographs of architecture and sculpture from the Conway Library of the institute. The site was developed with the support of the New Opportunities Fund.

Two other websites <code>courtauldimages.com</code><ref name=images/> and <code>courtauldprints.com</code><ref name=prints/> sell high resolution digital files to scholars, publishers and broadcasters, and photographic prints to the general public.

== References ==
{{Commons category|Courtauld Gallery (building)}}
{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=artandarch>[http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk Art and architecture]. The Courtauld Institute of Art. Accessed April 2013.</ref>

<ref name=artandarch2>[http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/search/results.html?n=1&allof=Gambier%20Parry&title=&people=&dateto=&type=&noneof=&location=&oneof=&creator=&datefrom=&keywords=&searchtype=all&ixsid=ginHUuyoiUr Search for "Gambier Parry" on A&A – art and architecture]. The Courtauld Institute of Art. Accessed June 2013.</ref>

<ref name=blunt>[[Anthony Blunt]] (March 1967). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/875182 "The History of Thomas Gambier Parry's Collection"]. ''The Burlington Magazine'', The Gambier-Parry Bequest to The University of London. '''109'''(768): 112-116+119+135+141+145-146+150+153+159-160+167+171. {{subscription required}}.</ref>

<ref name=court>[http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/about/history.shtml About Us: A Short History of the Courtauld]. The Courtauld Institute of Art, 2011. Accessed April 2013.</ref>

<ref name=court2>[http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/people/vegelin-ernst.shtml Dr Ernst Vegelin van Claerbergen]. The Courtauld Institute of Art, 2013. Accessed April 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222205421/http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/people/vegelin-ernst.shtml Archived here.]</ref>

<ref name=court3>[http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/gallery/collections/drawingsprints/collectors.shtml The Collection: Drawings and Prints: the collectors]. Courtauld Institute of Art, 2012. Accessed April 2013.</ref>

<ref name=farr2>Dennis Farr (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131007045136/http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/newsletter/spring_2006/p04browse.shtml Empathy for Art and Artists: Lillian Browse, 1906–2005]. ''Newsletter'' of the Courtauld Institute of Art, Issue 21: Spring 2006. Archived 7 October 2013.</ref>

<ref name=images>[http://www.courtauldimages.com Courtauld Images]. The Courtauld Institute of Art. Accessed April 2013.</ref>

<ref name=john>[[John Pope-Hennessy]] (March 1967). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/875183 "Three Marble Reliefs in the Gambier-Parry Collection"]. ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'', The Gambier-Parry Bequest to The University of London. '''109'''(768): 117-121+123. {{subscription required}}.</ref>]

<ref name=mallet>John Valentine Granville Mallet (March 1967). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/875187 "Italian Maiolica in the Gambier-Parry Collection"]. ''The Burlington Magazine'', The Gambier-Parry Bequest to The University of London. '''109'''(768): 144–151. {{subscription required}}.</ref>

<ref name=murdoch>John Murdoch (1998). ''The Courtauld Gallery at Somerset House''. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 7.</ref>

<ref name=prints>[http://www.courtauldprints.com Courtauld Prints]. Courtauld Gallery of Art. Accessed April 2013.</ref>

<ref name=spooner>Michael Broughton; William Clarke; Joanna Selborne (2005). ''The Spooner Collection of British watercolours at the Courtauld Institute Gallery'', exhibition catalogue. [London]: Courtauld Institute of Art. {{ISBN|9781870787963}}.</ref>

}}

{{London museums}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Courtauld Gallery}}
[[Category:Courtauld Institute of Art]]
[[Category:Museums of the University of London]]
[[Category:1932 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Photo archives in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1932 in art]]
[[Category:Museums in the City of Westminster]]