View source for Coreu

'''COREU''' (French: {{lang|fr|Correspondance Européenne}} – Telex network of European correspondents, also '''EUKOR-Netzwerk''' in [[Austria]]<ref Name="BMEIA01"/>) is a communication network of the [[European Union]] for the communication of the [[Council of the European Union]], the European correspondents of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs|foreign ministries]] of the [[European Union|EU member states]], permanent representatives of member states in [[Brussels]], the [[European Commission]], and the [[General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union]].<ref name="LSE01"/> The [[European Parliament]] is not among the participants.<ref name="LSE01"/>

COREU is the European equivalent of the American [[Secret Internet Protocol Router Network]] (SIPRNet, also known as [[Intelink]]-S). COREU's official aim is fast communication in case of [[crisis]].<ref name="EUGloss"/><ref name="bpb01"/> The [[Computer network|network]] enables a closer cooperation in matters regarding foreign affairs.<ref name="bpb01"/><ref name="LSE01"/> In actuality the system's function exceeds that of mere communication, it also enables [[decision-making]].<ref name="LSE01"/> COREU's first goal is to enable the exchange of information before and after decisions.<ref name="LSE01"/> Relaying upfront negotiations in preparation of meetings is the second goal.<ref name="LSE01"/> In addition, the system also allows the editing of documents and the decision-making, especially if there is little time.<ref name="LSE01"/> While the first two goals are preparatory measures for a shared foreign policy, the third is a methodical variant marked by practise that is defining for the image of the [[Common Foreign and Security Policy]].<ref name="LSE01"/>

==Members==

(The following information dates from 2013):<ref name="FBicchi2013"/>* There is one representative in each of the capital cities in the EU.(since 1973<ref name="Muench1997"/>) In [[Germany]] for example, this is the European correspondent (EU-KOR) from the [[Federal Foreign Office|Foreign Office]].<ref Name="AAOrgPlan"/> In [[Austria]] it is the European correspondent from the ''Referat II.1.a'' in the [[Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs]]<ref Name="BMEIA01"/>
* They are the correspondents (since 1982<ref name="Muench1997"/>) for the [[European Commission]] 
* They comprise the secretariat for the [[European Council]]
* They also make up the [[European External Action Service]] (EEAS) (responsible for foreign policy issues, since 1987<ref name="Muench1997"/>)

==Data volume and technical details==

COREU functions as a [[spoke-hub distribution paradigm]] system with the hub in Brussels. The network is operated by the  [[European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre]] (formerly Joint Situation Center, JSC).<ref name="Focusproject"/> The technical infrastructure is located in a building of the European Council. COREU may be described as an advanced telex system with  [[encrypted]] messages via dedicated terminals. 
Once a message has reached the destination, it is then redistributed via the local media. In contrast, messages of governments are transmitted via local media to the correspondents and from there delivered point-to-point to Brussels via COREU.

In 2010, approximately 8500 communications had been distributed over this network.

==History==

A [[telex]]-based communication system under the name COREU was established in 1973. Originally, only the [[ministries of Foreign Affairs]] in the European capitals were connected to it. This telex system was replaced in 1997 by the mail system CORTESY (COREU Terminal Equipment System).<ref name="FBicchi2013"/><ref name="BertramDaeuble02"/> The name was retained despite the technical innovation.<ref name="BertramDaeuble02"/>

COREU was reportedly compromised by hackers working for the [[People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force]], allowing for the theft of thousands of low-classified documents and [[diplomatic cable]]s.<ref name="A1">{{cite news |title=Hacked European Cables Reveal a World of Anxiety About Trump, Russia and Iran |first=David E. |last=Sanger |first2=Steven |last2=Erlanger |date=December 18, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/us/politics/european-diplomats-cables-hacked.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

==References==
<references>

<ref Name="AAOrgPlan">
[http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/373560/publicationFile/209597/Organisationsplan.pdf Organisationsplan des Auswärtigen Amts] retrieved 5 October 2015.</ref>
<ref name="BertramDaeuble02">
Christoph Bertram und Friedrich Däuble (Hrsg.) ''Wem dient der Auswärtige Dienst? - Erfahrungen von Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft''; Leske und Budrich, Opladen, {{ISBN|3-810-03651-X}}; Seite 48.
</ref>

<ref Name="BMEIA01">
Geschäftseinteilung [http://www.bmeia.gv.at/das-ministerium/geschaeftseinteilung/organisation/show/referat-ii1a/ Referat II.1.a Europäischer Korrespondent] des Bundesministeriums für Europa, Integration und Äußeres; retrieved 5 October 2015.</ref>

<ref name="bpb01">
F. Algieri ''[http://www.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/176762/coreu COREU]'', in Martin Große Hüttmann/Hans-Georg Wehling (Hg.) ''Das Europalexikon'', 2., aktual. Aufl. Bonn: Dietz 2013.  der Bundeszentral für politische Bildung. retrieved 4 March 2014.
</ref>

<ref name="EUGloss">
Glossar der EU, Eintrag [http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/coreu_en.htm COREU], retrieved 4 March 2014.
</ref>

<ref name="FBicchi2013">
Federica Bicchi (2013) ''The EU as a community of practice: foreign policy communications in the COREU network''; in Helene Sjursen; ''The EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy: The Quest for Democracy''; Routledge; S. 45–60.</ref>

<ref name="Focusproject">[http://www.focusproject.eu/documents/14976/0/CBRA+analysis+of+EU+Situation+Centre Bericht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902185517/http://www.focusproject.eu/documents/14976/0/CBRA+analysis+of+EU+Situation+Centre |date=2014-09-02 }} der ''Cross-border Research Association'' (CBRA - BMT, Ave d ́Echallens 74, CH-1004 Lausanne); retrieved 4 March 2014.</ref>

<ref name="LSE01">
Federica Bicchi und Caterina Carta (2012) ''The COREU Network and the circulation of information within EU foreign policy''. Journal of European Integration, 34 (5). pp. 465-484. {{ISSN|0703-6337}}: Online-[http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/44925/ Zusammenfassung]
</ref>

<ref name="Muench1997">
Lars Münch (1997) Die gemeinsame Aktion als Mittel der Gemeinsamen Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik, Duncker und Humblot, Berlin; {{ISBN|3-428-09205-8}}; Seite 53 (Fussnote).</ref>

</references>

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071216205556/http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/coreu_en.htm European Union glossary: Coreu]

[[Category:European Union]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of the European Union]]
[[Category:Networking standards]]
[[Category:Diplomacy]]
[[Category:Telecommunications techniques]]
[[Category:Computer networks]]
[[Category:Computer networks engineering]]