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{{Short description|Consecrated, mystically betrothed to Christ and dedicated to the service of the Church}}
[[File:Neri di Bicci - The Coronation of the Virgin with Angels and Four Saints - Walters 37675.jpg|thumb|250px|''The Coronation of the Virgin'' by [[Neri di Bicci]], {{c.|1470}}]]
In the [[Catholic Church]], a '''consecrated virgin''' is a woman who has been consecrated by the church to a life of perpetual [[virginity]] as a [[bride of Christ]]. Consecrated virgins are consecrated by the [[diocesan bishop]] according to the approved liturgical rite and to the service of the church.

Consecrated virgins spend their time in works of penance and mercy, in apostolic activity and in prayer, according to their state of life and [[spiritual gift]]s. A consecrated virgin may live either as a [[nun]] in a [[monastic order]] or in the world<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consecratedvirgins.org/usacv/sites/default/files/documents/VocRes/rite.pdf|title=CONSECRATION TO A LIFE OF VIRGINITY FOR WOMEN LIVING IN THE WORLD|website=Consecratedvirgins.org|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> under the authority of her bishop.

The rite of consecration of virgins for women living in the world was reintroduced in 1970, under [[Pope Paul VI]], in the wake of the [[Second Vatican Council]].<ref name=OCV>''Ordo Consecrationis Virginum'' (31 May 1970), ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis|AAS]]'' 62 (1970) 650 = ''EDIL'' 2082-2092 = ''DOL'' 294 no. 3352. English translation: ''The Rites of the Catholic Church'' 2 (n. 29, p. 81), 132-164, ''DOL'' 395 nos. 3253-3262. The Rite of consecration of virgins who belonged to monastic communities without their own proper Rite was revised and published as the variant of the Rite of consecration to a life of virginity in the 1970 Roman Pontifical.
See also: {{Cite web |url=https://yearofconsecratedlifedublin.wordpress.com/ordo-virginum-the-order-of-virgins/ |title=Ordo Virginum-The Order of Virgins |date=2015-08-06 |website=Office for Religious- Archdiocese of Dublin |language=en-US |access-date=2018-01-01}}</ref> It is based on the template of the practice of the {{lang|la|velatio virginum}} going back to the [[Apostolic era]], especially the early [[virgin martyr]]s. The consecration of virgins for nuns who made their final profession of vows outlasted times in various forms and without discontinuation in bestowal.

The [[1983 Code of Canon Law]] and the 1996 [[Apostolic Exhortation]] {{lang|la|Vita Consecrata}} by [[Pope John Paul II]] speak of the reflourishing Order of Virgins ({{lang|la|Ordo Virginum}}), the members of which represent an image of the [[Christian Church|church]] as the [[Bride of Christ]]. Estimates on the number of consecrated virgins derived from [[Diocese|diocesan]] records range at around 5,000 consecrated virgins living in the world {{as of|2023|lc=y}}.<ref name=CICLSAL2015>Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (CICLSAL), September 2015 survey.<!--direct link to survey needed, cited after the following: --> 
"A September 2015 survey sent to the 114 episcopal conferences around the world indicated that there are around 4,000 consecrated virgins in the Catholic Church, living in at least 78 countries. (It is worth noting that less than half— 42%— of the countries known to have consecrated virgins responded to the survey, so the actual numbers are likely higher.)" [https://aconsecratedvirgin.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/qa-how-many-consecrated-virgins-are-there-in-the-world-today/ A Consecrated Virgin, July 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144849/https://aconsecratedvirgin.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/qa-how-many-consecrated-virgins-are-there-in-the-world-today/ |date=2018-07-18 }})</ref><ref>Bernadette Mary Reis, [https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2018-07/order-virgins-ecclesiae-sponsae-imago.html "Church reproposes Order of Virgins 50 years after its restoration"], Vatican News, 4 July 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Register |first=Southern Nebraska |date=2023-11-03 |title=Consecrated virgins living in the world |url=https://www.lincolndiocese.org/op-ed/bishop-s-column/17319-consecrated-virgins-living-in-the-world |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Catholic Diocese of Lincoln |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In view of the upcoming 50th anniversary of the reintroduction, the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] issued the instruction {{lang|la|Ecclesia Sponsae imago}} in July 2018.<ref name=ESI2018/><!--A major difference according to church law is that consecrated virgins do not publicly profess the [[Evangelical Counsels]]. <ref>For the differences between these vocations see the definition of the eremitic/anchoritic vocation in [https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1Y.HTM canon 603 of The Code of Canon Law 1983] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418141521/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1Y.HTM |date=April 18, 2016 }}, whilst for the canonical definition of the vocation of the Consecrated Virgins see [https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1Y.HTM canon 604 of The Code of Canon Law 1983]. </ref>-->

==History==
===Origins===
{{Further|Virgin (title)|Chastity|Celibacy#Christianity|Bridal theology}}
[[File:Barna da Siena. Mystic Marriage of st Catherine. Boston MFA.jpg|thumb|''[[Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine]]'' ([[Barna da Siena]], {{c.|1340}})]]
[[File:Trionfo della Pudicizia W.jpg|thumb|''Triumph of Chastity'': an allegory of the virtue of [[Chastity]] is standing on a wagon drawn by two [[unicorns]]; her train of virgins is led by one holding a banner bearing the emblem of the white weasel or ermine, symbol of chastity in [[Bestiary|medieval tradition]] (Master of the Paris Entries, {{c.|1500|1520}}).]]

[[Chastity]] is one of the [[Seven Virtues]] in Christian tradition, listed by [[Gregory the Great]] at the end of the 6th century. Praise of chastity or celibacy as a religious virtue is already present in the [[New Testament]], especially in [[1 Corinthians]], in which [[Paul the Apostle]] suggests a special role for virgins or unmarried women ({{lang|grc|ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἡ παρθένος ἡ ἄγαμος}}) as more suitable for "the things of the Lord" ({{lang|grc|μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κυρίου}}).<ref>[[1 Corinthians]] 7:34 "There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband." ([[KJV]]).</ref> In [[2 Corinthians]] 11:2, Paul alludes to the metaphor of the Church as [[Bride of Christ]] by addressing the congregation: "I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ".<!--[[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 21:9 mentions four virgin daughters of [[Philip the Evangelist]], "who prophesied".-->

In Christian [[hagiography]], there are numerous accounts of pre-Nicaean [[virgin martyrs]], such as
[[Margaret the Virgin|Margaret of Antioch]], [[Agnes of Rome]], [[Euphemia|Euphemia of Chalcedon]] and [[Saint Lucy|Lucia of Syracuse]].

In the theology of the [[Church Fathers]], the prototype of the sacred virgin is the [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Blessed Virgin Mary]], consecrated by the [[Holy Spirit]] at [[Annunciation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/speeches/2008/may/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20080515_ordo-virginum.html|title=To participants in the International Congress of the Ordo Virginum (May 15, 2008) &#124; BENEDICT XVI|website=Vatican.va|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> Although not stated in the gospels, the [[perpetual virginity of Mary]] was widely upheld as a dogma by the Church Fathers from the 4th century. The tradition of a ritual form of the consecration also dates to the 4th century, but it is widely held that a more informal consecration was imparted to consecrate women by their bishops dating from the time of the Apostles.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/VirginityintheChristianTradition | title=Virginity in the Christian Tradition | journal=St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology | date=29 June 2023 | last1=Hughes | first1=Amy Brown }}</ref>

The first known formal rite of consecration is that of [[Saint Marcellina]], dated AD 353, mentioned in {{lang|la|De Virginibus}} by her brother, [[Saint Ambrose]]. Another early consecrated virgin is [[Saint Genevieve]] ({{c.|422|512}}). The earliest copies of the rite are from some of the earliest sacramentaries, like the 7th-century [[Leonine sacramentary]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Bridget |date=2022-10-06 |title=The Ancient Order of Virgins and a Unique Role for Women in the Catholic Church: An Interview with Jenna Cooper – The European Conservative |url=https://europeanconservative.com/articles/interview/interview-with-jenna-cooper/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021100134/https://europeanconservative.com/articles/interview/interview-with-jenna-cooper/ |archive-date=2022-10-21 |access-date=2023-04-19}}</ref>

During the medieval period, the rite of consecration was maintained by [[nuns]] in monastic orders, such as the [[Benedictines]] and [[Carthusian]]s. This consecration could be done either concurrently with or some time after the profession of solemn [[religious vows|vows]]. Among Carthusian nuns, there was the unique practice of these virgins being entitled to hand apart from a crown a [[stole (vestment)|stole]], and a [[Maniple (vestment)|maniple]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.liturgicalartsjournal.com/2018/07/carthusian-nuns-and-use-of-maniple-and.html | title=Carthusian Nuns and the Use of the Maniple and Stole }}</ref> [[vestments]] otherwise reserved to [[clergy]].

In the [[High Middle Ages]], the ''Consecratio Virginum ''is known for Benedictine and [[Cistercian]] monasteries, it is mentioned in the Rule of Saint Clare of Assisi and its optional bestowing is also provided for in the constitutions of the first [[Order of Preachers|Dominican]] nuns.<ref>Marianne Schlosser, ''Alt – aber nicht veraltet, Die Jungfrauenweihe als Weg der Christusnachfolge'', in ''Ordenskorrespondenz Köln'' p. 27, 1992</ref>

===Modern history===
The modern revival of the rite of the consecration of virgins in the Catholic Church for women living outside of religious communities is associated with Anne Leflaive (1899&ndash;1987). The consecration of virgins after the fashion of the ancient Church was supported by certain French bishops in the early 20th century. Leflaive was directed towards this vocation by François de Rovérié de Cabrières, the [[bishop of Montpellier]]. She received the consecration in the chapel of Carmel at [[Paray-le-Monial]] on 6 January 1924, on her 25th birthday, by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Autun|bishop of Autun]], Hyacinthe-Jean Chassagnon.

There was an increasing demand for such consecrations in the 1920s, and bishops requested clarification from the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life]]. The reply given on 25 March 1927 was in the negative.<ref>AAS 19, 15 March 1927.</ref> The Congregation forbade the revival of this type of consecration. The 1927 decree argued that the consecration of virgins living in the world ({{lang|la|in saeculo viventes}}) had long fallen out of use, and was in contradiction to the then current Canon Law of 1917. It was also argued that the official sanction of a vow of virginity in a "very imposing ceremony" might risk to lead the women so consecrated to judge their status as superior to those of nuns, whose solemn vows are not accompanied by similar ceremonies, and even to divert some women who would otherwise have chosen a monastic vocation.<ref>"Maroto ritiene che l'antico uso di conferire la Consecratio Virginum a donne ''in saeculo viventes'' sia stato o espressamente abolito da leggi ecclesiastici o caduto in disuso da molto tempo; inoltre, rileva che il Codice di diritto canonico all'epoca vigente non contiene alcuna norma a questo proposito, per cui la disciplina applicabile è solo quella desumibile dal Pontificale, anzi l'antica disciplina della Consecratio Virginum risulta essere inconciliabile con le norme giuridiche allora vigenti: innanzitutto, per il CIC/1917 solo lo stato religioso, con la professione dei tre consigli evangelici e la vita in comune, può dare un riconoscimento canonico pubblico; inoltre, solo il voto solenne di castità costituisce un impedimento matrimoniale dirimente e solo i membri di Ordini religiosi approvati possono emettere questo voto, per cui l'impegno di una vergine consacrata in saeculo viventes è equivalente a un voto semplice, privo di efficacia irritante di eventuali nozze, pur non essendo un voto privato e segreto.

Jombart, pur ammettendo il valore della scelta verginale anche fuori del contesto della vita religiosa, sostiene che essa non può procurare tutti i mezzi di perfezione che si trovano invece nella clausura, nella vita in comune, nelle costituzioni e nella paterna vigilanza dei superiori; inoltre, il ricevere la consacrazione in una cerimonia molto imponente, può indurre le consacrate che vivono nel mondo a giudicare il loro stato superiore a quello delle religiose, distogliendo anche qualche donna dall'entrare in monastero."
Katiuscia Scarpone, ''L'Ordine Delle Vergini, Sviluppo Storico e Profilo Canonico'',
Pontificia Università Lateranense, Instituto Teolotico Marchigiano (2003/4), 31f.,
citing F. Maroto, ''Sacra Congregatio de religiosis. De consecratione virginum in saeculo degentibus'', [[Commentarium pro religiosis et missionariis|CRM]] (1927), 160f.; E. Bolchi, '' La consacrazione nell'Ordo Virginum. Forma di vita e disciplina canonica'', Pontificia Università Gregoriana (2002), 32&ndash;34.</ref>

It was significantly due to Anne Leflaive's efforts over the following decades this ban was eventually rescinded in 1970. In 1939, Leflaive founded the secular missionaries of Catholic Action, an institute of celibate women or widows living in the world, which was, however, suppressed in 1946. Beginning in the 1940s, Leflaive was in contact with Angelo Roncalli, the future [[Pope John XXIII]], and with Giovanni Montini, the future [[Pope Paul VI]], who were receptive to her ideas. During the 1950s, Leflaive visited Rome once a year in order to lobby at the Vatican for the re-instatement of the rite of consecration of virgins. Leflaive published ''Study of the Consecrations of Virgins in the Roman Pontifical'' in 1934, re-edited as {{lang|la|Espouse du Christ}} in 1956, and as {{lang|fr|La Femme et l'Eglise}} in 1968. At a time where the Reformed confessions began to introduce the [[ordination of women]], Leflaive strictly rejected such a possibility, arguing that "Christ and His Church offer to the woman a gift of great plentitude &#91;sic&#93;" in the form of the Consecration of Virgins, already inscribed in the [[Roman Pontifical]].<ref name=Roux>Roux, Jacqueline, ''Anne Leflaive: Une vie pour la renaissance d’une vocation oubliée'' (2004), English summary: 
[https://consecratedvirgins.org/usacv/sites/default/files/documents/VocRes/laflaive.pdf consecratedvirgins.org].</ref>

In 1950, Pius XII issued ''[[Sponsa Christi]]'', an [[apostolic constitution]] addressing the vocation of nuns and their role in preserving the separate patrimony of the early virgins. This revived interest in the consecration of virgins. In his apostolic constitution, Pius XII decreed that only nuns living in [[Enclosed religious orders|enclosure]] were permitted to receive the liturgical consecration of virgins. In 1954, Pius cited {{lang|la|Sponsa Christi}} in his encyclical {{lang|la|[[Sacra Virginitas]]}} as showing the importance of the office of those "who had vowed their chastity to God".<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_25031954_sacra-virginitas.html Pope Pius XII. ''Sacra Virginitas'', §3, March 25, 1954, Libreria Editrice Vaticana].
</ref>

{{blockquote|This then is the primary purpose, this the central idea of Christian virginity: to aim only at the divine, to turn thereto the whole mind and soul; to want to please God in everything, to think of Him continually, to consecrate body and soul completely to Him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/document/sacra-virginitas-on-consecrated-virginity-300|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174809/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/document/sacra-virginitas-on-consecrated-virginity-300/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 5, 2015|title=Pope Pius XII, ''Sacra Virginitatis'', §15, March 25, 1954|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>}}

In 1962, the rite ''De Benedictione et Consecratione Virginum'' ("On the Blessing and Consecration of Virgins") was revised, the first such revision made since 1595. The [[Second Vatican Council]] called for a further revision. 

In 1963, the Second Vatican Council requested a revision of the rite of the consecration of virgins that was found in the Roman Pontifical.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221180735/https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html|url-status=dead|title=Sacrosanctum concilium|archive-date=21 February 2008|website=Vatican.va|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> The revised rite was approved by [[Pope Paul VI]] and published in 1970.<ref>Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship, ''Decree promulgating the new rite for the consecration of a virgin'', 31 May 1970, ''AAS'' 62 (1970) p. 650.</ref> This consecration could be bestowed either on nuns in monastic orders or on women living in the world,<ref>''Consecration to a life of virginity – introduction'', No. III 3</ref> the form of life that had been found in the early Church.<ref>"It is a source of joy and hope to witness in our time a new flowering of the ''ancient Order of Virgins'', known in Christian communities ever since apostolic times. Consecrated by the diocesan bishop, these women acquire a particular link with the Church, which they are committed to serve while remaining in the world. Either alone or in association with others, they constitute ''a special eschatological image of the Heavenly Bride and of the life to come'' when the Church will at last fully live her love for Christ the Bridegroom." [https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_25031996_vita-consecrata.html '' Vita Consecrata''], Apostolic Exhortation by [[Pope John Paul II]], 25 March 1996.</ref>

The 1970 rite of {{lang|la|Ordo Consecrationis Virginum}} states the following requirements for women living in the world to receive the consecration: "that they have never married or lived in open violation of chastity; that, by their prudence and universally approved character, they give assurance of perseverance in a life of chastity dedicated to the service of the church and of their neighbor; that they be admitted to this Consecration by the Bishop who is the local Ordinary."<ref name=OCV/>

The newly consecrated virgin still receives a [[veil]] as a sign of her consecration, as in ancient times. The nuptial symbolism of the rite was displayed particularly in the bestowal of the veil on the virgin by the bishop, as can be found in the writings of [[Ambrose of Milan]] and in the oldest liturgical sources.<ref>''Instruction Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago on the Ordo virginum'', 2018</ref>

Consecrated virgins belong to the consecrated life. Those living in the world are not supported financially by their bishop, but must provide for their own upkeep.<ref>Instruction ''Ecclesia Sponsae Imago'', No. 87 d)</ref> However, the early Church, a portion of the tithes went to the financial support of the virgins (Apost. Const. VIII. 30). Consecrated virgins work in professions ranging from teachers and attorneys to that of firefighter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://consecratedvirgins.org/whoarewe |title=Who are consecrated virgins? &#124; United States Association of Consecrated Virgins |publisher=Consecratedvirgins.org |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref>

In 1972, Elizabeth Bailey became the first virgin to be consecrated under the revised rite in England,
and the first known consecrated virgin living in the world in Britain since the 3rd century.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ann Treneman |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-vaticans-virgin-soldier-1350786.html |title=The Vatican's virgin soldier &#124; Lifestyle |work=The Independent |date=1996-11-05 |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref>

The number of consecrated virgins under the 1970 rite of consecration has grown into the thousands over the course of four decades. {{As of|2008}}, the United States Association of Consecrated Virgins (USACV) gave an "educated guess" of a total number of 3,000 consecrated virgins in 42 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consecratedvirgins.org/whoarewe|title=Who are consecrated virgins? &#124; United States Association of Consecrated Virgins|website=Consecratedvirgins.org|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> In a 2015 survey, the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (CICLSAL) established an estimated number of 4,000 consecrated virgins in 78 countries, with a growing tendency, with a projected increase to about 5,000 by 2018.<ref name=CICLSAL2015/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/38879/read-vatican-guide-to-consecrated-virginity-with-discernment-canonist-says|title=Does the Church require that consecrated virgins actually be virgins?|website=Catholic News Agency|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>

The 1970 decree states as a requirement that candidates "have never married or lived in open violation of chastity". While the lack of a strict requirement of virginity was only implied by omission in the 1970 document, the Vatican on 4 July 2018 released a clarifying statement, explicitly conceding that: "to have kept her body in perfect continence or to have practised the virtue of chastity in an exemplary way, while of great importance with regard to the discernment, are not essential prerequisites in the absence of which admittance to consecration is not possible." The statement was published in reaction to bishops requesting clarification due to the growing number of women showing interest in the vocation. The new clause leaves it to the "good judgement and insight" of the bishop to discern the suitability of a candidate to her vocation.<ref name=ESI2018>[[João Braz de Aviz]], [[José Rodríguez Carballo]],
 [http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/07/04/180704d.html Instruction “Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago” on the “Ordo virginum”], published 4 July 2018, dated 8 June 2018 ("Approved by the Holy Father in an audience on June 8, 2018").
Paragraph 88:
"In vocational guidance and when there is need to describe the characteristics of this vocation and the requirements for admission to consecration, the condition of virginity will be presented starting with the rich symbolism of its biblical foundations, within the framework of an anthropological vision solidly based on Christian revelation. On this basis the different dimensions, physical, psychological and spiritual, are integrated and considered in their dynamic connection to the lived history of the person and in openness to the unceasing action of divine grace that directs, guides and invigorates her on the path of holiness. As a treasure of inestimable value that God pours into clay vessels (cf. 2 Cor 4:7), this vocation is truly an undeserved gift. It encounters the person in her actual humanity, always in need of redemption and yearning for the full meaning of her existence. It finds its origin and dynamic centre in the grace of God, who unceasingly acts with the tenderness and the strength of his merciful love in the often complex and sometimes contradictory events of human life, helping the person to grasp her uniqueness and the unity of her being, enabling her to make a total gift of self. In this context it should be kept in mind that the call to give witness to the Church’s virginal, spousal and fruitful love for Christ is not reducible to the symbol of physical integrity. Thus to have kept her body in perfect continence or to have practised the virtue of chastity in an exemplary way, while of great importance with regard to the discernment, are not essential prerequisites in the absence of which admittance to consecration is not possible. The discernment therefore requires good judgement and insight, and it must be carried out individually. Each aspirant and candidate is called to examine her own vocation with regard to her own personal history, in honesty and authenticity before God, and with the help of spiritual accompaniment."
</ref>

The US Association of Consecrated Virgins released a statement calling the new guidance "shocking" and "deeply disappointing" as well as "intentionally convoluted and confusing":

{{blockquote|The entire tradition of the Church has firmly upheld that a woman must have received the gift of virginity – that is, both material and formal (physical and spiritual) – in order to receive the consecration of virgins.<ref>Olivia Rudgard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/16/consecrated-virgins-need-not-virgins-says-vatican/ "Consecrated virgins need not be virgins, says Vatican"], ''The Telegraph'', 16 July 2018.</ref>}}

The instruction {{lang|la|Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago on the Ordo virginum}} was published by the 
[[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] in July, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/07/04/180704d.html|title=Instruction "Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago" on the "Ordo virginum"|website=Press.vatican.va|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> In June 2020, Pope Francis addressed a letter to the consecrated virgins on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the promulgation of the revised rite of the Consecration of Virgins, calling their vocation as "a sign of hope".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-06/pope-francis-message-to-consecrated-virgins-50-years.html|title=Pope to Consecrated Virgins: Be women of mercy, experts in humanity - Vatican News|date=June 2020}}</ref>

==Rite of consecration==
By the rite of consecration the diocesan bishop sets the virgin apart as a sacred person.<ref name=Lacrosse>{{Cite web |url=https://diolc.org/consecratedlife/consecrated-virgins/ |title=Consecrated Virgins |website=Diolc.org |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> The virgin who receives the consecration henceforth belongs to the [[Consecrated life (Catholic Church)|consecrated life]] and becomes a member of the Order of Virgins. By receiving the sacramental constitutive consecration, she is "elevated to the dignity of bride of Christ, and joined by an indissoluble bond with the Son of God". This elevation into the role and reality of Bride of Christ occurs for the recipient of the consecration. The liturgical ritual contained in the Roman Pontifical has two forms, one for bestowing the consecration to women "living in the world" and the other for nuns. Thus, the Order of Virgins has members who live in the world and members who are nuns.

Both the consecration of a virgin living in the world and that of a nun are reserved to their diocesan bishop; it is for him to decide on the conditions under which a virgin living in the world is to undertake a life of perpetual virginity.

The approved liturgical rite whereby the bishop consecrates the candidate is by the solemn rite of {{lang|la|Consecratio Virginum}} ('Consecration of Virgins'). The usual minister of the rite of consecration is the bishop who is the local ordinary. The consecrated virgin is committed to perpetual virginity and to leading a life of prayer and service . She is "strongly advised" to recite the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] daily, and is encouraged but not required to pray [[Lauds]] and [[Vespers]].<ref name=OCV/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://consecratedvirgins.org/elements |title=Central elements of consecrated virginity &#124; United States Association of Consecrated Virgins |website=Consecratedvirgins.org |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>

The legislation outlining this, as it appears in the [[1983 Code of Canon Law]] of the Catholic Church, says:<ref name=CIC604>
[https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/latin/documents/cic_liberII_lt.html#pars3 sec1 tit1 CIC II.I ''De Christefidelibus'', Can. 604]
''§ 1. Hisce vitae consecratae formis accedit ordo virginum quae, sanctum propositum emittentes Christum pressius sequendi, ab Episcopo dioecesano iuxte probatum ritum liturgicum Deo consecrantur, Christo Dei Filio mystice desponsantur et Ecclesiae servitio dedicantur.''
''§ 2. Ad suum propositum fidelius servandum et ad servitium Ecclesiae, proprio statui consonum, mutuo adiutorio perficiendum, virgines consociari possunt.''</ref>

{{Blockquote|'''Canon 604'''

§1. Similar to these forms of consecrated life is the order of virgins, who, committed to the holy plan of following Christ more closely, are consecrated to God by the diocesan bishop according to the approved liturgical rite, are betrothed mystically to Christ, the Son of God, and are dedicated to the service of the Church.

§2. In order to observe their commitment more faithfully and to perform by mutual support service to the Church which is in harmony with their state these virgins can form themselves into associations.}}

== See also ==
* [[Christian monasticism]]
* [[Evangelical counsels]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*Elena Lucia Bolchi, ''La consacrazione nell'Ordo virginum: forma di vita e disciplina canonica'', Tesi Gregoriana, Serie Diritto Canonico 56, Rome (2002).
*[http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0010/_P1X.HTM Text of canon 604 of ''The Code of Canon Law'' (1983, Latin edition) re: Virgins as members of the Consecrated Life in the Catholic Church]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160418141521/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1Y.HTM Text of canon 604 of ''The Code of Canon Law'' (1983, English translation) re: Virgins as members of the Consecrated Life in the Catholic Church]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070407121542/http://www.consecratedvirgins.org/cv/ccc.html Catechism of the Catholic Church (1993) §922 "Consecrated Virgins and Widows"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130724064758/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P85.HTM Catechism of the Catholic Church (1993) §2337-2359 "The Vocation to Chastity"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202150022/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_25031996_vita-consecrata_en.html Pope John Paul II, "Vita Consecrata" (1996), §7 re: Virgins]

== Further reading ==
* [[Heinrich Suso Mayer|Suso Mayer OSB]], ''Braut des Königs. Jungfräulichkeit in Kloster und Welt und Jungfrauenweihe''. Beuron 1956, {{OCLC|23600278}}.

{{RC consecrated life|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Consecrated Virgin}}
[[Category:Consecrated virgins|*]]
[[Category:Catholic theology and doctrine]]
[[Category:Christian practices]]