View source for Conference of Rulers

{{Short description|Council of Malaysian Rulers}}
{{use Malaysian English|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Conference of Rulers 
| native_name = Majlis Raja-Raja
| native_name_lang = ms
| transcription_name = مجليس راج٢
| legislature = 
| coa_pic = Raja-Raja Melayu.svg
| coa_res = 
| coa_alt = 
| coa_caption = 
| logo_pic = 
| logo_res = 
| logo_alt = 
| logo_caption = 
| house_type = 
| body = 
| jurisdiction = [[Malaysia]]
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = {{Start date|df=yes|1948|02|18}}
| disbanded =
| preceded_by = Council of Rulers of the Federated States
| succeeded_by = 
| new_session = 2021 – present 
| leader1_type = Chairman
| leader1 = ''Rotates per meeting''
| leader1_term = 
| election1 = 
| leader2_type =  [[Keeper of the Rulers' Seal]]
| leader2 = [[Syed Danial Syed Ahmad]]
| election2 = 
| leader2_term =
| leader3_type = Assistant Secretary of the Conference of Rulers
| leader3 = Mohd Aseral bin Jusman
| election3 = 
| leader3_term = 
| leader4_type = 
| leader4 = 
| election4 = 
| leader4_term = 
| leader5_type = 
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| leader7_type = <!-- up to | leader10_type = -->
| leader7 = <!-- up to | leader10 = -->
| election7 = <!-- up to | election10 = -->
| leader7_term = <!-- up to | leader10_term = -->
| seats = 13
| structure1 = 
| structure1_res = 
| structure1_alt = 
| term_length = 
| authority = 
| seats1_title = Voting members 
| seats1 = 9
| seats2_title = Non-voting members 
| seats2 = 4
| seats3_title = 
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| last_election1 = 
| next_election1 =
| motto = 
| session_room = Kuala Lumpur Malaysia-Istana Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg
| session_res = 
| session_alt = 
| meeting_place = [[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] (Venue used since 13 December 2011)
| website = {{URL|https://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my}}
| constitution = Article 38, [[Federal Constitution of Malaysia]]
| rules = 
| footnotes = 
}}
{{Politics of Malaysia}}

The '''Conference of Rulers''' (also known as '''Council of Rulers''' or '''Durbar''', {{langx|ms|Majlis Raja-Raja}}; [[Jawi script|Jawi]]: {{lang|ms-Arab|مجليس راج٢}}) is a council comprising the nine rulers of the [[Malay states]], and the governors (''[[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]'') of the other four states in [[Malaysia]]. It was officially established by Article 38 of the [[Constitution of Malaysia]], and is the only such institution in the world, according to the Malaysian National Library.

Its main responsibility is the election of the ''[[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]'' (King of Malaysia) and ''[[King of Malaysia#Deputy King|Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]'' (Deputy King of Malaysia), which occurs every five years or when the positions fall vacant (either through death, resignation, or removal from office). Although its position in the process of [[elective monarchy]] is unique, the Conference of Rulers also plays a role in amending the Constitution of Malaysia and some other policies, in particular, those Articles which have been "entrenched", namely those pertaining to the status of the rulers, the special privileges of the indigenous [[Bumiputra]] (see [[Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia]]), the status of the [[Malay language]] as the national language, and the clause governing the entrenchment of such Articles.

==History==
The Conference of Rulers has its origins in the 1897 [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]], the Council of Rulers for the [[Federated Malay States]], which were not under the British colonial regime, with the British having an advisory role on only a very few administrative items and the full authority to govern remaining with the rulers of those states. Only the four Federated Malay States of [[Perak]], [[Selangor]], [[Negeri Sembilan]], and [[Pahang]] were represented at the Durbar, which first convened in 1897. The purpose of the Durbar, as described by Resident-General [[Frank Swettenham]], was to "bring home to the Malays, in the most striking manner possible, the reality of federation".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HFsKAQAAIAAJ&q=%22bring+home+to+the+Malays,+in+the+most+striking+manner+possible,+the+reality+of+federation%22 ''Malaysia: Selected Historical Readings''], John Sturgus Bastin, KTO Press, 1979, page 254</ref>

After World War II, a similar body called the Council of Rulers was constituted under the short-lived [[Malayan Union]].<ref name="keat">[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&dq=%22Council+of+Sultans%22&pg=PA838 ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor''], [[Keat Gin Ooi]], ABC-CLIO, 2004, page 838</ref> The Council comprised the Governor of the Union, who acted as president, the nine rulers, and the Chief Secretary, Attorney-General and Financial Secretary as ''[[ex officio]]'' members.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=b3A5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Council+of+Sultans%22++ ''Tan, Yeo and Lee's constitutional law in Malaysia and Singapore''], Kevin Tan, Tiong Min Yeo, Li-ann Thio, Kiat Seng Lee
Butterworths Asia, 1997, pages 51 and 401</ref> The sole functions of the Council were to consider legislation related to [[Islam]] (a function carried out by a subcommittee of the Council, comprising only the Muslim members) and to advise the Governor of the Union or the ruler of any state as necessary.<ref name="keat" />

The first Conference of Rulers was convened on 31 August 1948, the year the British established the semi-autonomous [[Federation of Malaya]], and was attended by the rulers of all nine Malay states. The Conference of Rulers continued after independence, when it was formally established under the Constitution.[[File:Sultans at the first Malayan Durbar.jpg|thumbnail|left|First Malay Rulers Durbar held at the [[Istana Iskandariah|Istana Negara]] in [[Kuala Kangsar]], Perak in 1897.]] 



==Membership==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
|+ Current members of the Conference of Rulers
|-
! State !! Potrait !! Member !! Title !! Reign since
|-
| {{flag|Negeri Sembilan}} || [[File:Tuanku_Muhriz_of_Negeri_Sembilan.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Tuanku Muhriz]] || [[Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan]] || 29 December 2008
|-
| {{flag|Selangor}} || [[File:240830_Sultan_of_Selangor_Meeting_(cropped).jpg|center|150px]] || [[Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah]] || [[Sultan of Selangor]] || 21 November 2001
|-
| {{flag|Perlis}} || [[File:Sirajuddin_of_Perlis_in_2018.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin]] || [[Raja of Perlis]] || 17 April 2000
|-
| {{flag|Terengganu}} || [[File:Tuanku_Mizan_2011.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin]] || [[Sultan of Terengganu]] || 15 May 1998
|-
| {{flag|Kedah}} || [[File:Sultan_Sallehuddin_of_Kedah_in_2018.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Sallehuddin of Kedah|Sultan Sallehuddin]] || [[Sultan of Kedah]] || 11 September 2017
|-
| {{flag|Kelantan}} || [[File:Sultan Muhammad V 2017 (AI clear image 01).jpg|center|150px]] || [[Sultan Muhammad V]] || [[Sultan of Kelantan]] || 13 September 2010
|-
| {{flag|Pahang}} || [[File:King_Abdullah_of_Pahang_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_(1).jpg|center|150px]] || [[Abdullah of Pahang|Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah]] || [[Sultan of Pahang]] || 11 January 2019
|-
| {{flag|Johor}} || [[File:Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_(48400855391).jpg|center|150px]] || [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim]] || [[Sultan of Johor]] || 23 January 2010
|-
| {{flag|Perak}} || [[File:Nazrin_Shah_of_Perak_in_2019.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah]] || [[Sultan of Perak]] || 29 May 2014
|-
| {{flag|Sarawak}} || [[File:TYT_Wan_Junaidi_Tuanku_Jaafar.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar]] || [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak]] || 26 January 2024
|-
| {{flag|Sabah}} || [[File:Penampang_Sabah_Musa-Aman-during-Kaamatan-2014-01.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Musa Aman]] || [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah]] || 1 January 2025
|-
| {{flag|Malacca}} || [[File:Ali_Rustam.jpg|center|150px]] || [[Mohd Ali Rustam]] || [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca]] || 4 June 2020
|-
| {{flag|Penang}} || [[File:Tan_Sri_Ramli_Ngah_Talib_(cropped).jpg|center|150px]] || [[Ramli Ngah Talib]] || [[List of governors of Penang|Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang]]|| 1 May 2025
|}
The membership of the Conference depends on the succession of the [[Monarchies of Malaysia|Malay rulers]], and the appointment of the [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri|governors]]. The king appoints the governors of the states, while each state has its own procedure for succession to the throne. One, [[Negeri Sembilan]], is itself an [[elective monarchy]].

Only the rulers of the [[Malay states]] of [[Negeri Sembilan]], [[Selangor]], [[Perlis]], [[Terengganu]], [[Kedah]], [[Kelantan]], [[Pahang]], [[Johor]], and [[Perak]] are permitted to participate in the election of the [[King of Malaysia]] and [[King of Malaysia#Deputy King|Deputy King of Malaysia]] and stand as candidates. The governors of the other states ([[Penang]], [[Malacca]], [[Sabah]], and [[Sarawak]]) do not participate when the Conference of Rulers meets to decide matters related to the election or removal of the king or their deputy, those related to privileges of the Malay rulers and those related to the observance of Islam.

Should a member of the Conference be unable to attend a meeting, their state must designate a temporary replacement; this process is set out by each state's own constitution, and therefore varies. Once elected, the king delegates their state representation in the Conference to the Regent they have selected to rule in their stead in their home state. The king still attends the meetings of the Conference, though they do so intermittently, usually only when the Conference would be discussing national policy or electing a new King.

When attending Conference meetings, each ruler and governor is accompanied by the [[Chief Ministers in Malaysia|Menteri Besar]] or Chief Minister/Premier (for states with a governor) of their state. When the king attends, they are accompanied by the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]].

Every meeting of the conference is chaired by one of the nine Malay rulers, who is appointed rotationally.

==Roles and procedure==
The National Library has called the Conference of Rulers "the supreme institution in the country", which would mean even [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]] is subordinate to it. However, its role is ''de facto'' largely symbolic, as even the election of the ''Yang di-Pertuan Agong'' generally follows a fixed order based on the seniority of the Malay rulers at the time of independence in 1957.

In policy-making, if the Conference of Rulers is involved, the ''[[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]'' is constitutionally required to consult with not only the Prime Minister and the members of the Conference, but also with the Menteri Besar/Chief Minister/Premier of each state.

===Amending the Constitution===
The Conference's role in amending the Constitution was first set out by the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1971, one of the first pieces of legislation passed by Parliament after the catastrophic [[May 13 Incident]], which saw at least 200 deaths after racial rioting in the federal capital of [[Kuala Lumpur]].

The Act named Article 152, [[Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia|153]], and 181, and also Part III of the Constitution as specially protected; any public questioning of these provisions could now be criminalised by Parliament (this was done separately at the same time in amendments to the Sedition Act).<ref name="khoo">Khoo, Boo Teik (1995). ''Paradoxes of Mahathirism'', pp. 104&ndash;106. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|967-65-3094-8}}.</ref> The provisions in question covered the [[social contract (Malaysia)|social contract]] (not to be confused with the philosophy of a social contract between the government and the governed), a ''[[quid pro quo]]'' agreement between the [[Bumiputra]] and the non-Bumiputra. In return for the granting of citizenship to the non-Bumiputra, the Bumiputra were guaranteed special rights (or as some claim, Malay supremacy — ''[[ketuanan Melayu]]''). The amendments thus effectively "entrenched" the social contract, making the contract alterable only with the agreement of the Conference of Rulers. Some have subsequently described the Conference of Rulers as a symbol of "Malay dominance".<ref>Wu & Hickling, p. 73.</ref>

The provisions covered were (respectively) those relating to [[Malay language|Malay]] as the national language, the special privileges and rights of the Malays and other indigenous peoples (Bumiputra, constituting more than half the Malaysian population), the status of the Malay rulers, and the provisions for Malaysian citizenship. These restrictions applied to all Malaysians, including members of parliament, over-ruling their [[parliamentary immunity]]. In addition, Article 159(5), which governed amendments to the Constitution, was also amended to require the provisions of the Constitution relating to the "sensitive issues" mentioned earlier be amended only with the consent of the Conference of Rulers. This regulation would also apply to Article 159(5).<ref name="khoo"/>

These changes met with strong opposition from the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP) and [[People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)|People's Progressive Party]] (PPP), both of which had called for changes in government policies related to those "sensitive issues" mentioned during their campaigns in the [[Malaysian general election, 1969|1969 general election]]. The changes were criticised as undermining [[parliamentary supremacy]], and some considered the legislation to insufficiently clarify the bans on discussion; in particular, it was questioned if the ban on discussion applied to Article 159(5) as well.<ref name="khoo"/>

Others, such as ''[[The Times]]'' of London in the United Kingdom, lambasted the constitutional amendments, stating they would "preserve as immutable the [[feudal system]] dominating Malay society" by "giving this archaic body of petty constitutional monarchs incredible blocking power", suggesting that this move was hypocritical in light of Prime Minister [[Abdul Razak Hussein]]'s declaration of "the full realization that important matters must no longer be swept under the carpet..."<ref>Emery, Fred (8 November 1969). "Malaysia unity call against a background of fear", p. 7. ''The Times''.</ref> Nevertheless, despite fierce opposition, the [[Barisan Nasional|Alliance]] coalition government passed the constitutional amendments in Parliament without the opposition votes because of its two-thirds Parliamentary majority.

==Meetings==
The Conference of Rulers generally meets three times a year. Should the ''[[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]'' or at least three members of the Conference request it, however, the [[Keeper of the Rulers' Seal]] may convene a meeting of the Conference of Rulers. Meetings will also be convened no later than four weeks before the end of the five-year reign of the ''Yang di-Pertuan Agong'', or whenever there is a vacancy in either their seat or that of their deputy.

The Conference generally meets at the [[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]] (National Palace), but meetings may be held at other venues should the members of the Conference consent. Meetings have been held on occasion at various state palaces, a State Assembly, and at hotel resorts.

Each Malay ruler generally takes turns chairing each meeting. The agenda is generally outlined and made known to the Rulers prior to the meeting. During the meeting, none of the Malay Rulers take precedence above another and all are considered equal. Even the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] has no precedence above the Malay Rulers and serves to represent the federal government. However, a Ruler who has been on the throne for a longer period of time is considered more senior and their advice is widely respected due to the wealth of their experience, but this advice does not have to be followed.

The Secretary of the Conference is the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal.

== Scholarship  ==

=== History ===
The '''Conference of Rulers Scholarship''' ({{Langx|ms|Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Raja-Raja}}) was established on 31 August 1949 by the 8th Meeting of the Conference of Rulers. Accordingly, the Conference of Rulers Scholarship Fund Regulations were established. The meeting of trustees of the Conference of Rulers Scholarship Fund was changed to the "Ruler and Governor Scholarship Fund" ({{Langx|ms|Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Raja-Raja dan Gabenor-Gabenor|links=no}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumpulan Wang Biasiawa Raja-raja |url=https://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/ms/kumpulan-wang-biasiawa-raja-raja |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Conference Of Rulers Scholarship |url=https://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/ms/component/content/article/conference-of-rulers-scholarship?catid=27&Itemid=112 |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my}}</ref>

On 12 May 1983, an Act of Act 284 was gazetted and named "Raja-Raja and the Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri Higher Studies Scholarship Fund" ({{Langx|ms|Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Pengajian Tinggi Raja-Raja Dan Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri|links=no}}). Its control and management are placed under the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal who is also secretary of the Fund's Board.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sinaga |first=Haposan Sahala Raja |date=2023-07-31 |title=Penerapan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2016 Dalam Sengketa Pembelian Tanah Yang Belum Terdaftar/Bersertifikat di Pengadilan Negeri Tanjung Balai |url=https://doi.org/10.55809/hv.v33i2.250 |journal=Honeste Vivere |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=130–141 |doi=10.55809/hv.v33i2.250 |issn=2963-9131|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Board of the Scholarship Fund in accordance with section 5 (1) of Act 284 consists of a chairman and four members appointed by the Conference of Rules between the ''Menteri Besar'' and the Chief Minister for a period of two years and is eligible for a reappointment. The Chairman chairs all Board Meetings and meet at least three times a year and at any meeting of the Board, the chairman and two members shall be quorum. The Keeper of the Rulers' Seal is the secretary of the Board.

In 2019, The Board of the Scholarship Fund consists of:
{| class="wikitable"
|1.
|YAB [[Premier of Sarawak]]
|Chairman
|-
|2.
|YAB [[Menteri Besar of Perak]]
|Member
|-
|3.
|YAB [[Menteri Besar of Kedah]]
|Member
|-
|4.
|YAB [[Menteri Besar of Johor]]
|Member
|-
|5.
|YAB [[Chief Minister of Sabah]]
|Member
|}

The main function of the establishment of the Board of the Scholarship Fund is to provide scholarships, financial assistance and other assistance to students who are studying at Public Higher Education Institutions to take on the first degree only. The number of students who have been offered scholarships are limited to the fund capacity of the time This scholarship is offered to students who have excellent results in the [[Malaysian Higher School Certificate|Malaysian Higher School Certificate (SPM)]] / [[Malaysian Matriculation Programme|Matriculation examinations]] only. Candidates to be offered are in various fields of study such as medicine, technology, science and arts. All candidates are received from the Public Service Department (PSD).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sejarah Biasiswa Raja-Raja |url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/sejarah |url-status=dead |access-date=12 October 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201544/http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/sejarah }}</ref>

=== Scholarship Awards and Recipients ===
The scholarship was first introduced in 1967 initially to three students and the value of scholarship is according to the rate of [[Public Service Department (Malaysia)|Public Service Department]]'s scholarship with an extra of RM200 for each student. The total number of students offered the scholarship from 1967 to 2013 was 415.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biasiswa Majlis Raja-Raja |url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja |url-status=dead |access-date=12 October 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012100108/http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja }}</ref>

== Royal Education Award ==
The 145th Conference of the Rulers (2nd Day) on 6 November 1988, agreed to create a Royal Education Award ({{Langx|ms|Anugerah Pelajaran DiRaja}}), also called ''Pingat Jaya Cemerlang''. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious awards for any graduate or scholar achievable in Malaysia. The purpose of the award is to give the highest recognition to a graduate whose quality and academic achievement are the best and meet the following criteria: 

* Significant development and contribution to country's progress and development  
* High intellectual prowess 
* Overall exam results
* Co-curriculum activities
* Other prizes obtained
* Certificate and report from the relevant Dean of the Faculty
* Good behavior
The ''Pingat Jaya Cemerlang'' was first introduced in 1989 for seven Public Institutions of Higher Learning (IPTA) of two graduates for every IPTA comprising a [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]] and a non-Bumiputera recipient of the award is eligible to receive: 

* A gold medal worth RM 1,000
* Cash for the amount RM 1,000
* A certificate
The cash payment rate has been raised to RM 2,500 per person from 1995 and RM 5,000 per person from 2009. In 2018, the prize was raised to RM7,000. A total of 19 IPTAs and two graduates for each IPTA have received this award. A total of 567 graduates have received this award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingat Jaya Cemerlang |url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/anugerah-pelajaran-diraja |url-status=dead |access-date=12 October 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201435/http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/anugerah-pelajaran-diraja }}</ref>

As of 2016, there are less than 600 recipients of award,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conference of Rulers |url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/anugerah-pelajaran-diraja |url-status=dead |access-date=12 October 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201435/http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/anugerah-pelajaran-diraja }}</ref> fewer than the [[Tan Sri]] title, which had 886 recipients as of 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/12/114886/over-2000-datuk-datuk-seri-tan-sri-and-tuns-federal-level|title=Over 2,000 'Datuk', 'Datuk Seri', 'Tan Sri' and 'Tuns' at federal level|work=New Straits Times Malaysia|date=December 2015}}</ref>

==Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship==
In 2006, the Public Service Department (PSD) implemented a programme called the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship ({{Langx|ms|Biasiswa Yang di-Pertuan Agong}}) or the King Scholarship, following the decision of the Prime Minister on 3 November 2004, which was approved by the Conference of Rulers meeting on 16 March 2005.{{fact|date=January 2024}}

This scholarship was introduced to recognize the exceptional skills of candidates wishing to pursue their postgraduate studies (Master's and PhD), particularly in the field of science and technology, either locally or abroad.{{fact|date=January 2024}}

The inaugural award presentation ceremony of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship to five candidates for the Master's and Doctoral programmes respectively was held on 29 September 2006. It was officiated by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong at the National Palace. The recipients were also introduced to the [[Monarchies of Malaysia|Malay rulers]], the [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]] and the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]] in a special ceremony prior to the banquet in honour of the Conference of Rulers meeting at the National Palace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja/biasiswa-yang-di-pertuan-agong|title=Biasiswa Yang di-Pertuan Agong}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]
* [[Regalia of Malaysia]]
* [[Monarchies of Malaysia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Other references===
*Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070117144514/http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/portal_bi/rk1/rk1.htm "Role Of The Conference Of Rulers In Constitutional Monarchy System In Malaysia"]. Retrieved 25 August 2006.

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Constitution of Malaysia#Chapter 2—The Conference of Rulers}}
*[http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/en/majlis-raja-raja-scholarships/senarai-penerima-biasiswa-majlis-raja-raja List of recipients of the Conference of Rulers scholarship]
*[http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/en/majlis-raja-raja-scholarships/senarai-penerima-anugerah-pelajaran-diraja#section=p1 List of recipients of the Royal Education Award (Medal of Excellence)]
*[http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/en/majlis-raja-raja-scholarships/senarai-penerima-biasiswa-yang-di-pertuan-agong List of recipients of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong scholarship]

[[Category:1948 establishments in Malaya]]
[[Category:Monarchies of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Monarchy]]