View source for Compiègne

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
| name             = Compiègne
| commune status   = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
| image            = Hôtel de ville de Compiègne.jpg
| caption          = The [[Hôtel de Ville, Compiègne|Hôtel de Ville]]
|image coat of arms= Blason ville fr Compiègne (Oise).svg
| arrondissement   = Compiègne
| canton           = [[Canton of Compiègne-1|Compiègne-1]] and [[Canton of Compiègne-2|2]]
| INSEE            = 60159
| postal code      = 60200
| mayor            = Philippe Marini<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
| term             = 2020&ndash;2026
| intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération de la Région de Compiègne et de la Basse Automne|CA Région de Compiègne et Basse Automne]]
| coordinates      = {{coord|49.4149|2.8231|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation m      = 41
| elevation min m  = 31
| elevation max m  = 134
| area km2         = 53.1
| population       = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population date  = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|native name={{native name|pcd|Compiène}}}}

'''Compiègne''' ({{IPA|fr|kɔ̃pjɛɲ|-|Fr-Paris--Compiègne.ogg}}; {{langx|pcd|Compiène}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Oise]] [[Departments of France|department]] of northern [[France]].<ref name=cog>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/60159-compiegne INSEE commune file]</ref> It is located on the river [[Oise (river)|Oise]],<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Compiègne|volume=6|page=811}}</ref>  and its inhabitants are called ''Compiégnois'' ({{IPA|fr|kɔ̃pjeɲwa|}}).

==Administration==
Compiègne is the seat of two [[canton in France|cantons]]:<ref name=cog/>
* [[Canton of Compiègne-1|Compiègne-1]] (with 19 communes and part of Compiègne)
* [[Canton of Compiègne-2|Compiègne-2]] (with 16 communes and part of Compiègne)

==History by year==
* 665 - Saint [[Wilfrid]] was consecrated Bishop of [[York]]. Wilfrid refused to be consecrated in [[Northumbria]] at the hands of [[Anglo-Saxon]] bishops. [[Deusdedit of Canterbury|Deusdedit]], Archbishop of Canterbury, had died, and as there were no other bishops in Britain whom Wilfrid considered to have been validly consecrated, he travelled to Compiègne, to be consecrated by [[Agilbert]], the Bishop of Paris.
* 757 - Byzantine emperor [[Constantine V]] sent to Compiègne a gift for [[Pepin the Short]] : France's first organ.
* 833 - [[Louis the Pious]] (also known as King Louis I, the Debonair) was deposed in Compiègne.<ref name="EB1911" />
* February 888 - [[Odo, Count of Paris]] and king of the [[Franks]] was crowned in Compiègne.
* 23 May 1430 - During the [[Hundred Years' War]], [[Joan of Arc]] was captured by the [[Burgundians]] while attempting to [[Siege of Compiègne|free Compiègne]]. They then sold her to the English.<ref>{{cite book|author=Deborah A. Fraioli|title=Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRnX7Wmk_N4C&pg=PA101|year=2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32458-1|pages=101}}</ref>
* 1557 - [[Battle of St. Quentin (1557)|Battle of St. Quentin]], where [[Habsburg Spain|Habsburg Spanish]] forces defeat a French army in the [[Italian War of 1551–1559]]
* 1558 - The English occupy Compiègne
* 1624 - Compiègne gave its name to the [[Treaty of Compiègne (1624)|Treaty of Compiègne]], a treaty of alliance concluded by [[Cardinal Richelieu]] with the Dutch.<ref name="EB1911" />
* 1630 - [[Marie de' Medici]]'s attempts to displace [[Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]] ultimately led to her exile to Compiègne, from where she escaped to [[Brussels]] in 1631.
* 17 July 1794 - The [[Martyrs of Compiègne]] are executed in [[Place de la Nation|Paris]] during the [[Reign of Terror]].
* 1900 - The [[Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics|golf]] events for the [[1900 Summer Olympics]] took place.<ref>[http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1900/1900.pdf 1900 Summer Olympics official report.] p. 15. Accessed 14 November 2010. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
* 11 November 1918 - The [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)]], agreed at [[Le Francport]] near Compiègne, ends fighting of [[World War I]]
* 22 June 1940 - Another [[Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)]] was signed between [[Nazi Germany]] and the defeated France in Le Francport, near Compiègne, in the same place as in 1918, in the same railroad carriage, but with the seats swapped.
* 1941 - During the German occupation of France, the [[Compiègne internment camp]] was established in Compiègne. A memorial of the camp, and another along the railway tracks, commemorate the tragedy.
* 1972 - Creation of the [[University of Technology of Compiègne]]
* 1977 - The starting location of the [[Paris–Roubaix]] [[bicycle]] race was changed from [[Paris]] to Compiègne.

===Population===

Compiègne is the central commune of an [[urban unit]] with 70,699 inhabitants, and a larger [[functional area (France)|commuter zone]] with 141,504 inhabitants as of 2017.<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-60502+AAV2020-078 Comparateur de territoire: Unité urbaine 2020 de Compiègne (60502), Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Compiègne (078)], INSEE</ref> The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Compiègne proper.

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|10039|Compiègne}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-60159#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |8000
|1800 |7058
|1806 |7165
|1821 |7228
|1831 |8879
|1836 |8895
|1841 |9076
|1846 |9762
|1851 |10795
|1856 |10364
|1861 |12137
|1866 |10714
|1872 |10775
|1876 |13393
|1881 |14008
|1886 |14375
|1891 |14498
|1896 |15225
|1901 |16503
|1906 |16868
|1911 |17046
|1921 |16179
|1926 |17361
|1931 |17852
|1936 |18885
|1946 |18218
|1954 |22325
|1962 |24427
|1968 |29700
|1975 |37699
|1982 |40384
|1990 |41896
|1999 |41254
|2007 |41714
|2012 |40028
|2017 |40199
}}

==Sights==
[[File:Compiegne from the UTC.jpg|thumb|View of Compiègne]]
[[File:Compiegne-Noyon Hospital.jpg|thumb|Compiegne-Noyon Hospital]]
The [[Hôtel de Ville, Compiègne|Hôtel de Ville]] (town hall) was completed in 1530.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foret-compiegne.solexmillenium.fr/centre-ville-compiegne.php |title=Compiègne: La Place de l'Hôtel de Ville|publisher=la Forêt de Compiègne|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref>

===Museums===
* [[Château de Compiègne]] - the castle itself, and museums of the [[Second French Empire]] and of motoring and tourism within its walls
* [[Musée Antoine Vivenel]]
* Museum of historic figurines
* Memorial of internment and deportation

===Compiègne Forest===
{{Main article|Compiègne Forest}}
The [[Glade of the Armistice]] in the [[Compiègne Forest]] was the site of the signing of two armistices; those of [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|11 November 1918]] and [[Armistice of 22 June 1940|22 June 1940]]. Hitler specifically chose the location of the second, and had the original signing carriage moved from Paris to Compiègne, as an irony for the defeated French.

The site still houses several memorials to the 1918 armistice, including a copy of the original railway carriage. The original, [[Compiègne Wagon|Marshal Foch's Carriage]] was taken to [[Germany]] as a trophy of victory following the second armistice. Various rumors about what happened to this railway-carriage thereafter, have flourished ever since. Some believe it was destroyed by the [[SS]] in [[Thuringia]] in April 1945; others say this happened in [[Berlin]], but most likely was it destroyed during an allied air-raid on Berlin. The latter version seems most plausible, since [[Ferdinand Foch]]'s carriage actually was displayed at a Berlin museum.<ref>Moved to Berlin - Steven Budiansky, "The Complete story of Codebreaking during WW2",{{ISBN|0-684-85932-7}}, page 136</ref><ref>Moved to Berlin, and there destroyed in an air-raid - Brian Hanley, "Planning for Conflict in the 21st Century", page 116" available here [https://books.google.com/books?id=UPOaw_-o7KUC&dq=Air+raid+destroyed+Foch%27s+carriage&pg=PA116]</ref><ref>Also [[William L Shirer]] in his "[[The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich]]" (unknown ISBN) states it was destroyed during a bombing raid on Berlin</ref>

== The University of Technology of Compiègne ==
{{Main article|University of Technology of Compiègne}}
Compiègne is home to the [[University of Technology of Compiègne]] (UTC), one of the top ranking engineering school in France, founded as a Technology University in 1972 to provide an alternative to the traditional "[[grandes écoles]]" for students interested in technologies and applied science.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utc.fr/en/utc.html |title=utc - UTC |website=www.utc.fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512194531/https://www.utc.fr/en/utc.html |archive-date=2016-05-12}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[Gare de Compiègne|Compiègne station]] offers connections with Paris, Amiens, Cambrai and several regional destinations. The nearest motorway is the [[A1 autoroute (France)|A1]] Paris-Lille.

==Cycling==
Since 1977, Compiègne is the traditional start city of the famous [[Paris–Roubaix]] [[road bicycle racing|bicycle race]]. It was also the finish city of 3rd stage in the [[2007 Tour de France]].

==Notable people==
Compiègne has been home to:
* [[Roscellinus]] (~1050 - ~1122), [[philosopher]] and [[theologian]], often regarded as the founder of [[Nominalism]]
* [[Pierre d'Ailly]] (1350–1420), [[theology|theologian]] and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]
* [[Albert Robida]] (1848–1926), illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist
* [[Eugène Albertini]] (1880–1941), teacher in Latin literature, historian of ancient Rome, and epigrapher of Latin texts 
* [[Marcel Tabuteau]] (1887–1966), [[Oboist]], regarded as the founder of American oboe playing.
* [[Suzanne Lenglen]] (1899–1938), tennis player, international female sport star
* [[Lucas Debargue]] (1990–), pianist and composer who works in both the classical and jazz fields.
* The [[Martyrs of Compiègne]]

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Compiègne is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arona, Piedmont|Arona]], [[Italy]], since 1962
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bury St Edmunds]], [[England]], since 1967
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Elbląg]], [[Poland]], since 2002<ref name="Elbląg twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.info.elblag.pl/index.php?id=niezbednik_&pid=31&strona=1|title=Elbląg - Podstrony / Miasta partnerskie|access-date= 2013-08-01|work=Elbląski Dziennik Internetowy|language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315153700/http://info.elblag.pl/index.php?id=niezbednik_&pid=31&strona=1|archive-date=2011-03-15}}</ref><ref name="Elbląg twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.elblag.net/niezbednik/miasta-partnerskie,65|title=Elbląg - Miasta partnerskie|access-date=2013-08-01|work=Elbląg.net|language=pl}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Guimarães]], [[Portugal]], since 2006
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Huy]], [[Belgium]], since 1959
||
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Kiryat Tivon]], [[Israel]], since 1988
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Landshut]], [[Germany]], since 1962
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], [[North Carolina]], [[United States]], since 1989
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shirakawa, Fukushima]], [[Japan]], since 1988
* {{flagicon|LUX}} [[Vianden]], [[Luxembourg]], since 1964
|}

Compiègne is also partnered with:
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Beauvais]], [[France]]
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Compiègne ([[Margny-lès-Compiègne]]) (1994–2020 normals, extremes 1994–present)
|Jan record high C = 14.8
|Feb record high C = 19.0
|Mar record high C = 25.1
|Apr record high C = 27.5
|May record high C = 30.6
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 41.5
|Aug record high C = 39.2
|Sep record high C = 34.8
|Oct record high C = 28.2
|Nov record high C = 20.2
|Dec record high C = 16.4
|Jan record low C = -15.0
|Feb record low C = -10.3
|Mar record low C = -10.4
|Apr record low C = -4.8
|May record low C = -0.6
|Jun record low C = 3.1
|Jul record low C = 4.9
|Aug record low C = 4.9
|Sep record low C = 0.5
|Oct record low C = -4.6
|Nov record low C = -10.4
|Dec record low C = -11.3
|Jan high C = 6.4
|Feb high C = 7.9
|Mar high C = 11.6
|Apr high C = 15.5
|May high C = 18.8
|Jun high C = 22.2
|Jul high C = 24.7
|Aug high C = 24.6
|Sep high C = 20.7
|Oct high C = 15.9
|Nov high C = 10.3
|Dec high C = 6.9
| year high C = 15.5
|Jan mean C = 3.9
|Feb mean C = 4.8
|Mar mean C = 7.5
|Apr mean C = 10.5
|May mean C = 13.8
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 19.0
|Aug mean C = 18.9
|Sep mean C = 15.6
|Oct mean C = 12.0
|Nov mean C = 7.5
|Dec mean C = 4.5
| year mean C = 11.2
|Jan low C = 1.5
|Feb low C = 1.8
|Mar low C = 3.4
|Apr low C = 5.4
|May low C = 8.8
|Jun low C = 11.5
|Jul low C = 13.3
|Aug low C = 13.3
|Sep low C = 10.5
|Oct low C = 8.2
|Nov low C = 4.7
|Dec low C = 2.2
| year low C = 7.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 50.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 44.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 42.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 42.1
|May precipitation mm = 57.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 56.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 62.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 43.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 60.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 52.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 64.6
|year precipitation mm = 633.5
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.8
| Feb precipitation days = 9.6
| Mar precipitation days = 9.3
| Apr precipitation days = 8.4
| May precipitation days = 9.4
| Jun precipitation days = 8.7
| Jul precipitation days = 8.0
| Aug precipitation days = 8.9
| Sep precipitation days = 7.7
| Oct precipitation days = 9.5
| Nov precipitation days = 10.4
| Dec precipitation days = 12.4
| year precipitation days =113.1
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=60382001
|title=Normales et records pour Margny-lès-Compiègne (60)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>}}

==See also==
* [[Communes of the Oise department]]
* [[Dialogues of the Carmelites]]
* [[Martyrs of Compiegne]]
* [[Monument aux morts (Oise)]]
* [[Siege of Compiègne]]
* [[Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Compiègne}}
* [http://www.mairie-compiegne.fr/ City council website] (in French)
* [http://www.musee-chateau-compiegne.fr/ Le musée du château/The Château museum]
* [http://www.memorialmuseums.org/eng/staettens/view/1451/The-Internment-and-Deportation-Memorial-at-Royallieu Memorial to Nazi/French Internment Camp and Deportations During WW2]
* [http://stevenlehrer.com/compiegne.htm  Steven Lehrer's Compiègne site]
* [http://www.utc.fr/ Universite de Technologie de Compiegne]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110303024147/http://www.maidofheaven.com/joanofarc_long_biography.asp#compiegne Joan of Arc Captured At Compiegne]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100429100816/http://www.firstclassconcept.fr/ customized transport in compiègne]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101112212140/http://www.lesnotesbleues.fr/ Concerts in Compiègne]

{{Geographic location
| North  = [[Clairoix]], [[Choisy-au-Bac]] and [[Margny-lès-Compiègne]]
| West   = [[Jaux]], [[Venette]]
| Centre = Compiègne
| East   = [[Saint-Jean-aux-Bois, Oise|Saint-Jean-aux-Bois]] and [[Vieux-Moulin, Oise|Vieux-Moulin]]
| South  = [[Lacroix-Saint-Ouen]]
}}
{{Oise communes}}
{{1900 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues golf}}
{{Olympic venues discontinued events}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Compiegne}}
[[Category:Compiègne| ]]
[[Category:Venues of the 1900 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic golf venues]]
[[Category:Communes of Oise]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in France]]