View source for Colvin R. de Silva

{{Short description|Sri Lankan politician}}
{{Distinguish|Chandra Richard de Silva|Chitta Ranjan De Silva}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=March 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox MP
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Honourable|Hon.]] Dr
| name                = Colvin Reginald de Silva
| honorific-suffix    = 
| image               = Colvin R. de Silva.jpg
| caption             = Colvin R. de Silva in the cloak of an advocate  
| office1             = [[Ministry of Plantation Industries|Minister of Plantation Industries]]
| primeminister1      = Sirimavo Bandaranaike
| term_start1         = 31 May 1970 
| term_end1           = 2 September 1975
| predecessor1        = 
| successor1          = [[Ratnasiri Wickremanayake]]
| constituency_MP2    =[[Agalawatte Electoral District|Agalawatte]]
| parliament2         = Sri Lankan
| term_start2         = 1967
| term_end2           = 1977
| predecessor2        = [[Anil Moonesinghe]]
| successor2          = [[Merill Kariyawasam]]
| constituency_MP3    =[[Wellawatte-Galkissa Electoral District|Wellawatte-Galkissa]]
| term_start3         = 1956
| term_end3           = 1960
| predecessor3        = [[S. de Silva Jayasinghe]]
| successor3          = ''Constituency abolished''
| parliament4         = Ceylon
| term_start4         = 1947
| term_end4           = 1952
| predecessor4        = ''Constituency established''
| successor4          = [[S. de Silva Jayasinghe]]
| birth_date          = 1907
| birth_place         = 
| death_date          = 1989 
| death_place         = Colombo, Sri Lanka
| nationality         = Sri Lankan
| party               = [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]]
| otherparty          = 
| spouse              =
| partner             = 
| relations           =
| children            =
| residence           =
| alma_mater          = [[King's College London]],<br>[[University of Ceylon]],<br>[[Royal College Colombo]],<br>[[St. John's College Panadura]]
| occupation          =[[Advocate]] 
| profession          =[[Barrister]]
| signature           =
| website             =
| footnotes           =
}}

'''Colvin Reginald<!--  Reference:   http://www.rivira.lk/sunday/images/2013/01/20/netha/buddika.jpg --> de Silva''' (1907 – 27 February 1989;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wickramaratne |first1=Jayampathy |title=Remembering Colvin And Abolishing The Executive Presidency |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/remembering-colvin-and-abolishing-the-executive-presidency/ |access-date=6 July 2018 |agency=Colombo Telegraph |date=27 Feb 2014}}</ref> commonly known as '''Colvin R. de Silva''') was a Sri Lankan Cabinet Minister of Plantation Industries and Constitutional Affairs, prominent member of parliament, [[Trotskyist]] leader and lawyer in [[Sri Lanka]]. He was one of the founders of the [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]], the first [[Marxist]] party in Sri Lanka.

==Early life and education==
Colvin R. de Silva was born in [[Balapitiya]]. His father Obinamuni Arnolis de Silva, was a registered medical practitioner attached to the Department of Health. His mother Pettagan Joseline De Silva was a daughter of a business tycoon Pettagan Aseneris De Silva, His elder brother was [[Walwin de Silva]], a civil servant.

He received his education at [[St. John's College, Panadura]] and at [[Royal College, Colombo]] where he won colours. He thereafter studied history at [[University College, Ceylon]], gaining a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] from the [[University of London]] and went on to gain his [[PhD]] from [[King's College London]] in 1932 for his thesis: ''Ceylon Under the British Occupation'', later published as a book.

==Legal career==
On his return to Ceylon, Colvin R. de Silva took oaths as an [[advocate]] of the [[Supreme Court of Ceylon]] and started his practice as a lawyer. He gained fame in the [[writ]] of [[Habeas Corpus]] related to [[Mark Anthony Bracegirdle]], where he appeared for Bracegirdle as junior of H.V. Perera. From 1940s to 1960s Colvin R. de Silva enjoyed an unparalleled reputation as a criminal lawyer of great distinction. He appeared in virtually every high-profile criminal trial of his day. In the [[Mahadevan Sathasivam#Sathasivam murder case|Sathasivam murder case]], his exceptionally brilliant cross-examining skills resulted in the acquittal of his client, while in the Kularatne murder case appeal, it was his intimate knowledge of the law of circumstantial evidence that saved the accused. With the advent of Fundamental Rights litigation, de Silva also appeared in many such cases before the Supreme Court, most notably in the [[Vivienne Goonewardena]] assault case. He continued his legal practice until his death, with the exception of when he was serving as a minister.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/opinion/Dr--Colvin-R--de-Silva%E2%80%99s-30th-Death-Anniversary:-A-statesman-of-indisputable-honesty-and-integrity/172-163249 | title=Dr. Colvin R. de Silva's 30th Death Anniversary: A statesman of indisputable honesty and integrity | date=4 March 2019 | newspaper=Daily Mirror | location=Sri Lanka | access-date=25 May 2020 }}</ref>

==Political career==
===Early politics===
Colvin R. de Silva became the first president of the [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]] when it was established on 21 December 1935 at Lorenz College Hall, along with Dr. [[N.M. Perera]], [[Leslie Goonewardene]], [[Philip Gunawardena]] and [[Robert Gunawardena]].

An active [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist]], during the [[Second World War]] he fled to [[India]], after escaping from [[Bogambara Prison]], where he had been imprisoned on charges of [[sedition]] for anti-war activities. In India he became part of the leading nucleus of the [[Bolshevik-Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma]] (BLPI). After the war he returned to Ceylon and became the main leader of the [[Bolshevik Samasamaja Party|Bolshevik Samasamaja Party (BSP)]].

===Parliament===
In 1947 he was one of five BSP candidates who were elected to parliament. His constituency was [[Wellawatte-Galkissa Electoral District|Wellawatte-Galkissa]]. After the reunification of LSSP and BSP, de Silva became an important leader of LSSP.

In 1952 he lost the Wellawatte-Galkissa seat to the [[United National Party]] candidate, [[S. de Silva Jayasinghe]] due to the unpopularity he gained for his role in the [[Mahadevan Sathasivam#Sathasivam murder case|Sathasivam murder case]], but regained it at the subsequent parliamentary elections in 1956. During the passing of the [[Sinhala Only Act]], he spoke his famous last words: "Do we... want a single nation or do we want two nations? Do we want a single state or do we want two? Do we want one Ceylon or do we want two? And above all, do we want an independent Ceylon which must necessarily be united and single and single Ceylon, or two bleeding halves of Ceylon which can be gobbled up by every ravaging imperialist monster that may happen to range the Indian ocean? These are issues that in fact we have been discussing under the form and appearance of language issue." His predictions came true a few years later with the formation of [[LTTE|Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)]] and subsequent civil war between the LTTE separatist movement and the Sri Lankan government.<ref>[http://www.dailynews.lk/2017/11/15/features/134500/colvin-%E2%80%94-trotskyite-humanist-and-wittiest COLVIN — TROTSKYITE, HUMANIST AND THE WITTIEST] Daily News Lanka - 15 November 2017</ref>

De Silva was responsible on behalf of LSSP for the liaisons with the [[Fourth International]]. He was elected to the International Executive Committee of the International, a position he held until the LSSP was expelled from the International.

In 1964 de Silva had urged against the LSSP joining the government, but unlike others who stood by that line he stayed in the party.

He won the [[Agalawatte Electoral District|Agalawatte]] parliamentary seat in a by-election in 1967 and in 1970. In 1970 he became the Minister of Plantation Industries and Constitutional Affairs in the cabinet of [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]]. His tasks included drafting the new republican constitution of Sri Lanka, which is seen by [[Kumari Jayawardena]] as the first constitutional enshrinement of Sinhala chauvinism which had previously been limited to statute law. He served until 1975, when his party was dismissed from government following a split. He lost his seat at the 1977 parliament elections along with all the leftists who contested.

===Party leader===
After the death of Dr. N. M. Perera the LSSP leader, Colvin de Silva became the leader and the party nominated de Silva as its presidential candidate in 1982. He finished 5th and only polled around 1% of the votes cast, as the election was polarised between the ruling [[United National Party]] and the [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party]], the latter being backed by almost all the other left parties. In 1987 he led a protest against the ban on May Day rallies in Sri Lanka and suffered a serious burn injury on one of his feet due to a tear gas cartridge that was thrown at the protesters by the police, which troubled him till his death. In 1988, his party came to an alliance with three other leftist parties to form United Socialist Alliance (USA) from which he was nominated as a [[National list member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka|national list member of parliament]] (MP).{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==Death==
He died a few days prior to taking his oath as an MP under new alliance on 27 February 1989 in [[Colombo]]. Union Place, Colombo was named after him.

==Family==
Colvin R. de Silva married Pettagan Suvineetha De Silva from his home town of Balapitiya. She was the daughter of Pettagan Benial De Silva, a businessman. They had two daughters and one son. All their children took to law with both daughters becoming barristers. Their eldest Manouri Muttetuwegama was a former Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka and was married to [[Sarath Muttetuwegama]], [[Communist Party of Sri Lanka|Communist Party]] member of Parliament. Their youngest was Nalina and their only son was Nalina Visvajith. The family lived down Abdul Gafoor Mawatha in Colpetty.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Life Well Lived with Courage and Compassion |url=https://groundviews.org/2021/07/23/a-life-well-lived-with-courage-and-compassion/ |access-date=26 July 2021 |publisher=Groundviews}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manouri Muttetuwegama passes away |url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2021/07/23/local/254690/manouri-muttetuwegama-passes-away |access-date=26 July 2021 |work=Daily News}}</ref> He was a cousin of [[C. P. de Silva|Charles Percival de Silva]].

==Publications==
*De Silva, Colvin R., ''Ceylon Under the British Occupation, 1795–1833''  First published 1941. Reprint: Delhi, Vedam Books, 1995
*De Silva, Colvin R., ''An Outline of the Permanent Revolution''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609045502/http://www.rivira.lk/2008/06/08/rivinetha2.htm  Colvin R De Silva in Sinhala]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150601224255/http://www.samasamaja.org/ Official Website of Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP)]}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050412094112/http://www.dailynews.lk/2005/03/03/fea03.html Colvin R. de Silva: undying legend]
*[http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol2/no1/hartal.html Hartal!], article by de Silva from 1953
*[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/01/obituaries/colvin-r-de-silva-sri-lanka-politician-82.html New York Times Obituary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609045502/http://www.rivira.lk/2008/06/08/rivinetha2.htm  Amara Samara in Sinhala]

{{LSSP}}
{{Members of 1st Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 3rd Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 7th Parliament of Ceylon}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:De Silva, Colvin R.}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Sri Lankan lawyers]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Royal College, Colombo]]
[[Category:Alumni of St. John's College, Panadura]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Ceylon University College]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1982 Sri Lankan presidential election]]
[[Category:Ceylonese advocates]]
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[[Category:Fugitives wanted by Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
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[[Category:People from British Ceylon]]
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[[Category:Sri Lankan academics]]
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