View source for Colton antigen system

{{Short description|Blood antigen system}}
[[File:Serology interpretation of antibody panel for blood group antigens.jpg|thumb|350px|Interpretation of antibody panel to detect patient antibodies towards the most relevant [[human blood group systems]]. {{further|Blood compatibility testing}}]]
The '''Colton antigen system''' ('''Co''') is present on the membranes of [[red blood cells]] and in the tubules of the [[kidney]]<ref>Denker BM, Smith BL, Kuhajda FP, Agre P. ''Identification, purification, and partial characterization of a novel Mr 28,000 integral membrane protein from erythrocytes and renal tubules.'' J Biol Chem 1988;263:15634-15642. {{PMID|3049610}}</ref> and helps determine a person's [[blood type]]. The Co [[antigen]] is found on a [[protein]] called [[aquaporin-1]] which is responsible for water [[homeostasis]] and urine concentration.<ref>King LS, Choi M, Fernandez PC, Cartron JP, Agre P.''Defective urinary-concentrating ability due to a complete deficiency of aquaporin-1.'' N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 19;345(3):175-9. {{PMID|11463012}}</ref>

The Co antigen is important in [[transfusion medicine]]. 99.8% of people possess the Co(a) [[allele]]. Individuals with Co(b) allele or who are missing the Colton antigen are at risk for a [[transfusion reaction]] such as [[hemolytic anemia]] or [[alloimmunity|alloimmunization]]. Antibodies against the Colton antigen may also cause [[hemolytic disease of the newborn]], in which a pregnant woman's body creates antibodies against the blood of her fetus, leading to destruction of the fetal blood cells.<ref>Covin RB, Evans KS, Olshock R, Thompson HW. ''Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti-Coa.'' Immunohematol. 2001 Jun;17(2):45-9. {{PMID|15373591}}</ref>

== References ==
* {{OMIM|110450}} OMIM entry for the Colton antigen
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== External links ==
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mhc/xslcgi.fcgi?cmd=bgmut/systems_info&system=colton Colton] at [[BGMUT]] Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]], [[NIH]]

{{transfusion medicine}}

[[Category:Blood antigen systems]]
[[Category:Transfusion medicine]]
[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 7]]


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