View source for Codex Regius

{{short description|Icelandic manuscript of Old Norse poems}}
{{for|the New Testament manuscript|Codex Regius (New Testament)}}
[[File:Codex Regius of Eddaic Poems.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Two pages of the Codex Regius]]

'''Codex Regius''' ({{langx|la|[[wikt:en:codex#Latin|Cōdex]] [[wikt:en:regius#Latin|Rēgius]]}}, "Royal Book" or "King's Book";<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Codex-Regius |title=Codex Regius - Icelandic literature |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]] |accessdate=March 9, 2019 }}</ref> {{langx|is|Konungsbók}}<ref name="Britannica" />) or '''GKS 2365 4º''' is an [[Iceland]]ic [[codex]] in which many [[Old Norse]] poems from the ''[[Poetic Edda]]'' are preserved.<ref name="Britannica" /> Thought to have been written during the [[1270s in poetry|1270s]], it is made up of 45 [[vellum]] leaves. The work originally contained [[Great Lacuna|a further eight leaves]], which are [[Lost literary work|now missing]]. It is the sole source for most of the poems it contains. In scholarly texts, this manuscript is commonly abbreviated as [R] for Codex Regius, or as [K] for Konungsbók.

The codex was discovered in 1643, when it came into the possession of [[Brynjólfur Sveinsson]], then Bishop of [[Skálholt]] in Iceland, who in 1662 sent it as a gift to King [[Frederick III of Denmark]]; hence the name. It was then kept in the Royal Library in Copenhagen until April 21, 1971, when it was brought back to [[Reykjavík]],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFaC8FmqzxcC&q=codex+regius+1971&pg=PA38 | title=The Return of Cultural Treasures | author=Greenfield, Jeanette | date=26 January 1996 | pages=38| publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=9780521477468 }}</ref> and is now kept in the [[Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies]]. Because air travel at the time was not entirely trustworthy with such precious cargo, it was transported by ship, accompanied by a military escort.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HIUvBgAAQBAJ&q=codex+regius+1971+%22ship%22&pg=PA12 | title=The Poetic Edda | author=Dodds, Jeramy | date=27 October 2014 | pages=12| publisher=Coach House Books | isbn=9781770563858 }}</ref>

One of the principal manuscripts of ''[[Prose Edda|Snorri's Edda]]'' (GKS 2367 4to) is also named Codex Regius. Composed of 55 vellum pages, dating from the early 14th century, it was part of the same gift from Bishop Brynjólfur to Frederick III. It was returned to Iceland in 1985, where it is now also in the [[Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies]].

== Contents ==
{|
|''[[Völuspá]]'' || (Prophecy of the Völva)
|-
|''[[Hávamál]]'' || (Sayings of the High One) 
|-
|''[[Vafþrúðnismál]]'' || (Vafþrúðnir's sayings)
|-
|''[[Grímnismál]]'' || (Sayings of Grímnir)
|-
|''[[Skírnismál]]'' || (Sayings of Skírnir)
|-
|''[[Hárbarðsljóð]]'' || (Lay of Hárbarðr)
|-
|''[[Hymiskviða]]'' || (Hymir's poem)
|-
|''[[Lokasenna]]'' || (Loki's quarrel)
|-
|''[[Þrymskviða]]'' || (Thrym's poem)
|-
|''[[Völundarkviða]]'' || (Völundr's poem)
|-
|''[[Alvíssmál]]'' || (Talk of Alvíss)
|-
|''[[Helgakviða Hundingsbana I]]'' || (First Lay of Helgi Hundingsbane)
|-
|''[[Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar]]'' || (Lay of Helgi Hjörvarðsson)
|-
|''[[Helgakviða Hundingsbana II]]'' || (Second Lay of Helgi Hundingsbane)
|-
|''[[Frá dauða Sinfjötla]]'' || (On the death of Sinfjötli)
|-
|''[[Grípisspá]]'' || (Grípir's prophecy)
|-
|''[[Reginsmál]]'' || (Reginn's sayings)
|-
|''[[Fáfnismál]]'' || (Fáfnir's sayings)
|-
|''[[Sigrdrífumál]]'' || (Sigrdrífa sayings)
|-
|The [[Great Lacuna]] || A [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacuna]], not a portion of the text
|-
|''[[Brot af Sigurðarkviðu]]'' || (The Broken off Lay of Sigurd)
|-
|''[[Guðrúnarkviða I]]'' || (First Lay of Guðrún)
|-
|''[[Sigurðarkviða hin skamma]]'' || (The Short Lay of Sigurd)
|-
|''[[Helreið Brynhildar]]'' || (Brynhild's Hel-Ride)
|-
|''[[Dráp Niflunga]]'' || (Niflungs' Killing)
|-
|''[[Guðrúnarkviða II]]'' || (The Second Lay of Gudrún)
|-
|''[[Guðrúnarkviða III]]'' || (The Third Lay of Gudrún)
|-
|''[[Oddrúnargrátr]]'' || (Oddrún's Lament)
|-
|''[[Atlakviða]]'' || (The Lay of Atli)
|-
|''[[Atlamál]]'' || (The Greenlandic Lay of Atli)
|-
|''[[Guðrúnarhvöt]]'' || (Guðrún's Cause)
|-
|''[[Hamðismál]]'' || (Talk of Hamðir)
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/CODEXREGIUS.html Finnur Jónsson's Facsimile Edition of 1891].
*[http://www.am.hi.is/WebView/?fl=20 Stafrænt handritasafn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213004529/http://www.am.hi.is/WebView/?fl=20 |date=2006-02-13 }} (Photographs)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121005112924/http://www.cybersamurai.net/Mythology/nordic_gods/LegendsSagas/Edda/PoeticEdda/Index.htm#en#en CyberSamurai Encyclopedia of Norse Mythology: Lieder-Edda ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121005112924/http://www.cybersamurai.net/Mythology/nordic_gods/LegendsSagas/Edda/PoeticEdda/Index.htm#ice#ice CyberSamurai Encyclopedia of Norse Mythology: Lieder-Edda (Old-Nordic)]

{{Poetic Edda}}

[[Category:1270s books]]
[[Category:Icelandic manuscripts]]
[[Category:Old Norse literature]]