View source for Coat of arms of Ukraine

{{Short description|none}}
{{Redirect|Tryzub|the nationalistic paramilitary organization|Tryzub (organization)|the exoplanet|HAT-P-15b}}
{{Expand Ukrainian|Герб України|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox coat of arms
|name              = Coat of arms of Ukraine
|image             = Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg
|image_width       = 110
|image2            = 
|image2_width      = 
|image2_caption    = 
|middle            = 
|middle_width      = 
|middle_caption    = 
|armiger           = [[Ukraine]]
|year_adopted      = 19 February 1992
|crest             = 
|torse             = 
|shield            = [[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]], a tryzub [[Or (heraldry)|Or]]
|supporters        = 
|compartment       = 
|motto             = 
|orders            = 
|other_elements    = 
|earlier_versions  = [[File:Coat of Arms of UNR.svg|60px]]
|use               = [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1918{{ndash}}1921)
}}

The '''coat of arms of Ukraine''' is a blue [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]] with a [[Gold (color)|golden]] [[trident]]. It is colloquially known as the '''''tryzub''''' ({{langx|uk|тризуб}}, {{IPA|uk|trɪˈzub|pron}}, {{lit|trident}}). 

The small coat of arms was officially adopted on 19 February 1992,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Про Державний герб України |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/2137-12 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України |language=uk}}</ref> while [[Constitution of Ukraine|constitutional]] provisions exist for establishing the great coat of arms, which is not yet officially adopted as of March 2024. The small coat of arms was designed by [[Andriy Grechylo]], Oleksii Kokhan, and Ivan Turetskyi. It appears on the [[Flag of the President of Ukraine|presidential standard]]. Blue-coloured tridents are considered to be an irregular representation by the [[Ukrainian Heraldry Society]]. The greater coat of arms which has not been adopted consists of the small coat of arms and the coat of arms of the [[Cossack Hetmanate|Zaporizhian Host]] ([[Constitution of Ukraine]], Article 20).

The trident was not thought of as a national symbol until 1917, when one of the most prominent Ukrainian historians, [[Mykhailo Hrushevsky]]i, proposed to adopt it as a [[National symbols of Ukraine|national symbol]] (alongside other variants, including an [[arbalest]], a [[bow (weapon)|bow]] or a cossack carrying a [[musket]], i.e. images that carried considerable historical and cultural and heraldic significance for Ukraine). On 25 February 1918, the [[Central Rada]] (parliament) adopted it as the coat of arms of the short-lived [[Ukrainian People's Republic]].

During the Soviet period of 1919–1991 and independence between 1991 and 1992, the state symbols were consistent with the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] and the [[Soviet Union]] – a [[hammer and sickle]] over the rising sun.

==Description==
{{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width= 300 | header = | footer = (''left'') Seal of [[Sviatoslav I|Sviatoslav the Brave]], 945; (''middle'') Coin of [[Volodymyr the Great]], 980; (''right'') Coin of [[Yaroslav the Wise]], 1019
| image1 = Seal of Sviatoslav I of Kiev (obverse).svg | alt1 = aaa | caption1 =
| image2 = Coin of Vladimir the Great (reverse).svg | alt2 =bbb | caption2 = 
| image3 = Coin of Yaroslav the Wise (reverse).svg | alt3 =bbb | caption3 = 
}}
The modern "trident" symbol was adopted as the coat of arms of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] in February 1918, designed by the Ukrainian artist and designer [[Vasyl Krychevsky]]. The design has precedents in the seals of [[Kievan Rus']]. The first known archaeological and historical evidence of this symbol can be found on the [[Symbols of the Rurikids|seals]] of the [[Rurikids|Rurik dynasty]]. However, according to [[Omeljan Pritsak|Pritsak]], the stylized trident [[tamga]], or seal, which was used by rulers such as [[Sviatoslav I]] and [[Symbols of the Rurikids#Origins |similar tamgas]] that were found in ruins are [[Khazar]] in origin.<ref>Brook 154</ref><ref>Franklin & Shepard 120–21</ref><ref>Pritsak, ''Weights'' 78–79.</ref> 

It was stamped on the gold and silver coins issued by [[Vladimir the Great]] ({{reigned|980|1015}}), also known as Volodymyr, who might have inherited the symbol from his ancestors (such as [[Sviatoslav I]]) as a dynastic coat of arms, and he passed it on to his sons, [[Sviatopolk I]] (1015–1019) and [[Yaroslav the Wise]] (1019–54). The symbol was also found on the bricks of the [[Church of the Tithes]] in [[Kyiv]], the tiles of the [[Dormition of the Mother of God|Dormition]] Cathedral in [[Volodymyr, Ukraine|Volodymyr]], and the stones of other churches, castles, and palaces. There are many examples of it used on ceramics, weapons, rings, medallions, seals, and manuscripts.

<gallery class="center">
File:Coat of Arms of UNR.svg|The coat of arms of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1918)
File:Coat of arms of the Ukrainian People's Republic.svg|The Greater coat of arms of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]], (1918)
Image:Stamp Western Ukraine 1919 5h.jpg|The [[West Ukrainian People's Republic|Ukrainian]] trident overprint of May 1919 on a five-[[heller (money)|heller]] stamp of [[Austria-Hungary]]
</gallery>

[[File:Falco rusticolusAWP366AAA.jpg|alt=Hand-coloured engraving of two gyrfalcon; one diving in flight resembles the shape of the tryzub.|thumb|upright=0.75|The [[gyrfalcon]], possibly the inspiration for the trident]]
Historians have multiple interpretations of the origin of the symbol, including a [[falcon]], an arched bow, the [[Holy Trinity]], or an anchor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kassimeris |first=Christos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7r_OCwAAQBAJ&dq=rurik+trident&pg=PA23 |title=Exploring the Cultural, Ideological and Economic Legacies of Euro 2012 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2016 |isbn=9781317602149 |pages=23}}</ref> Depictions of a flying falcon with a [[Christian cross]] above its head have been found in [[Old Ladoga]], the first seat of the Kievan [[Rurikids]],<ref name="chernov-trezin.narod.ru">[http://chernov-trezin.narod.ru/GerbRurika.htm Coat of arms of Rurik found in Ladoga.] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> of Scandinavian lineage.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/512996/Rurik Rurik (Norse leader)] Britannica Online Encyclopedia</ref>  Such a falcon, along with a cross, are also featured on the coins of [[Olaf Guthfrithsson]], a Viking king of Dublin and Northumbria.<ref name="chernov-trezin.narod.ru"/> 

Falconry has been a royal sport in Europe for centuries. The [[gyrfalcon]] (known also as ''Norwegian falcon'') was considered a royal bird and is mentioned (''ukr.: рарог'') in one of the earliest epics of [[Ruthenia]], the 12th-century poem [[The Tale of Igor's Campaign]].

Later images of the trident ("tryzub") among the Rurikids resemble more a [[bident]] or the letter "[[У]]", which also in the modern [[Cyrillic alphabet]] denotes the sound "u" as in "Ukraine" (though the Cyrillic alphabet at the time did not use this letter individually, using the digraph ОУ/ОѴ or its monogram Ꙋ instead).

{| class=wikitable
!Color standardisation scheme
! style="background:#005BBB;color:white" |Deep blue
! style="background:#FFD500" |Yellow
|-
|[[Pantone]]
|Pantone Coated 2935&nbsp;C
|Pantone Coated Yellow 012 C<ref name="DSTU_4512">{{cite book |last=Свірко |first=В. |title=Державний прапор України. ДСТУ 4512:2006 |author2=А. Рубцов |author3=А. Горпинченко |author4=В. Синельнікова |author5=Г. Доценко |author6=О. Купко |author7=І. Потапенко |author8=Е. Єршова |publisher=Держспоживстандарт України |date=September 2006 |location=[[Київ]] |page=7}}</ref>
|-
|[[Lab color space|Lab]]
|34.02, −2.19, −64.19<ref name="Lab">{{Cite web |title=Colour fans, cards and swatches |url=http://www.e-paint.co.uk/Lab_values.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803014650/https://www.e-paint.co.uk/Lab_values.asp |archive-date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=August 25, 2018}}</ref>
|85.29, 5.18, 109.8<ref name="Lab" />
|-
|[[RAL colour standard|RAL]]
|5005<ref name="rgb_pantone">{{Cite web |title=Pantone Coated 2935 C |url=http://rgb.to/pantone/2935-c |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729161944/http://rgb.to/pantone/2935-c |archive-date=July 29, 2018 |accessdate=August 25, 2018}}</ref>
|1023 Traffic yellow
|-
|[[RGB]]
|0, 87, 184<ref name="rgb_pantone" /><ref name="it_pantone">{{Cite web |title=All Pantone C colors with HEX and RGB codes |url=http://it.labelpartners.com/pantone_coated_table.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031082503/https://it.labelpartners.com/pantone_coated_table.html |archivedate=October 31, 2017 |accessdate=August 25, 2018}}</ref>
|255, 215, 0<ref name="rgb_yellow">{{Cite web |title=Pantone Coated Yellow 012 C |url=http://rgb.to/pantone/coated/yellow-012-c |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123180350/http://rgb.to/pantone/coated/yellow-012-c |archive-date=January 23, 2018 |accessdate=August 25, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[CMYK]]
|100, 71, 0, 0
|2, 12, 100, 0
|-
|[[Hex colour|HEX]]
|#0057b8<ref name="rgb_pantone" /><ref name="it_pantone" />
|#ffd700
|-
|[[Websafe colors|Websafe]]
|#0066cc
|#ffcc00
|}

The Tryzub is used in military heraldry to commemorate participation on the [[Eastern Front (World War II) |Eastern Front]] during World War II.  Over 36 units of the Italian Army carry the Tryzub in their [[coat of arms]], as they were awarded a [[Medal for Military Valor]] during their service on the territory of Ukraine. The Tryzub is the coat of arms of the town of [[Zaslawye]] in Belarus. In the early 20th century, the Tryzub was used in conjunction with the tricolor [[flag of Russia]] as the symbol of the [[National Alliance of Russian Solidarists]].{{cn|date=November 2025}}

==History==

===Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia===
{{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width= 350 | header = | footer = 
| image1 = Alex K Yuri Boleslav seal.png | alt1 = aaa | caption1 =The seal of King [[Bolesław-Jerzy II|George-Boleslav]] denoting a horse rider with a lion on the coat of arms
| image2 = Coins 1382.png | alt2 =bbb | caption2 = Coin of Galicia after the Polish annexation (Moneta Russie)
}}
The coat of arms for the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia, later the [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]], also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia, has existed since the 12th century. It consisted of a [[Lion (heraldry)|lion]] on an azure [[heater shield]].<ref name="sprvar190711">[https://varta.com.ua/news/lviv/1206386 History of Galician coat of arms: jackdaw, lion or something totally different (Історія галицького герба: галка, лев, чи щось кардинально інше?)]. Spravzhnia Varta. 11 June 2019</ref> The [[Ruthenian lion]] first appears in the seal of the Ruthenian king [[Yuri II Boleslav|Yurii I]], dated to the beginning of the XIV century. There is an image of a monarch on a throne, and on the reverse, an armed horseman holding a shield with a lion on his hind leg, an example of [[Equestrian seal|equestrian seals]] common in Europe at the time. On the seal, there is an inscription in Latin: "Sigillum Domini Georgi Regis Rusie" (Seal of the owner of George-Yuri, King of Ruthenia), on the back: "Sigillum Domini Georgi Ducis Ladimerie" (seal of the owner of George-Yuri, prince of Lodomeria). 

On the seal of his son [[Leo I of Galicia|Lev II]], only a lion without a rider is depicted. The animal stands on its hind legs and reverses to the left.

Figures of lions as symbols of Ruthenia are found on the silver coins of the Lithuanian prince Lubart, the last ruler of the Kingdom of Ruthenia (1340–1383), and his son Fedor (1384–1387). We see the same motive on Ruthenian money, the issue of which continued during the reign in Ruthenia of the Polish king Casimir III (1349–1370), the Hungarian king Louis (1370–1372, 1378–1382) and his governor, Prince of Opole Vladislav (1372–1378).

After the occupation of Eastern Galicia by the Kingdom of Poland as a result of the [[Galicia–Volhynia Wars]], the coat of arms with many changes was adopted as part of the [[Ruthenian Voivodeship]] ({{langx|la|Palatinatus russiae}}, Ruthenian Palatine). It was abandoned with [[partition of Poland]] and annexation of territory by the [[Austrian Empire]]. At the end of [[World War I]] and dissolution of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[Western Ukrainian People's Republic]] revived the coat of arms. With the annexation of the West Ukraine by Poland again in 1918 and later the [[Soviet Union]], the gold lion symbol became the coat of arms for the city of [[Lviv]].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.3em auto"
! colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe8" |Kingdom of Ruthenia coats of arms
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|[[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg|120px]]
|[[File:1597 Bielski Rus Voivodship.svg|120px]]
|[[File:ZUNR coa.svg|120px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Lviv Oblast SVG.svg|120px]]

|- class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center"
|Kingdom of Rus
|Ruthenian Voivodeship
|West Ukrainian People's Republic
|Lviv Oblast
|}

===Cossack Hetmanate===
{{Main|Cossack with musket}}
{{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width= 320 | header = | footer = Coat of arms of  (''left'') the Zaporizhian Host ([[Cossack Hetmanate]]); (''right'') Sketch by Heorhiy Narbut for the Ukrainian State (1918)
| image1 = Herb Viyska Zaporozkoho.svg | alt1 = aaa | caption1 =
| image2 = Alex K Ukrainska Derzhava.svg | alt2 =bbb | caption2 =
}}
A Cossack with a musket was an emblem of the [[Zaporizhian Host]] and later the state emblem of the Hetmanate and the [[Ukrainian State]]. The origin of the emblem is uncertain, while its first records date back to 1592. On the initiative of [[Pyotr Rumyantsev]], the emblem was phased out and replaced by the Russian double-headed eagle in 1767. A Cossack with a rifle was restored by the [[Hetman of Ukraine]] [[Pavlo Skoropadsky]] in 1918. The emblem disappeared until in 2005, when it reappeared on the proposed Great Seal of Ukraine.

====Designs by Heorhiy Narbut====
Designs of the coat of arms of Ukraine by Heorhiy Narbut are projects of the State Coat of Arms of the [[Ukrainian State]] and the Great Coat of Arms of the Ukrainian State developed by the Ukrainian artist [[Heorhiy Narbut]] in 1918. Heorhiy Narbut took as a basis the national symbols of the hetman state of the Zaporizhzhia Army. On an octagonal blue shield, a Cossack dressed in gold ornamented robes was placed in the center.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Гуменюк |first=Тетяна Костянтинівна |date=2021-06-25 |title=ХОРЕОЛОГІЯ У ПРОСТОРІ СУЧАСНОГО МИСТЕЦТВОЗНАВСТВА |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2410-1176.44.2021.235447 |journal=Вісник КНУКіМ. Серія «Мистецтвознавство» |issue=44 |pages=242–247 |doi=10.31866/2410-1176.44.2021.235447 |s2cid=243172381 |issn=2616-4183|doi-access=free }}</ref> Above the Cossack's shield rose a golden trident, the sign of Grand Duke Volodymyr. The [[Cossacks|Cossack]] was turned to the right, and around his shield was a silver cantush, painted in a floral baroque style. The trident gained popularity in the Ukrainian People's Republic, because it was depicted on the karbovanets coins introduced in December 1917.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=РУМ’ЯНЦЕВ |first=ВЯЧЕСЛАВ |date=2020 |title=Витоки, природа влади та правові засади Української держави гетьмана Павла Скоропадського |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.33498/louu-2020-01-225 |journal=Право України |issue=2020/01 |pages=225 |doi=10.33498/louu-2020-01-225 |s2cid=214314690 |issn=2310-323X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The first coin of the Ukrainian People's Republic was 100 [[Ukrainian karbovanets|karbovanets]]. George Narbut used baroque elements and heraldic signs - the trident and coat of arms of the Kyiv Magistrate of the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the form of a crossbow. So the trident became a popular symbol and eventually turned into a small coat of arms of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Since January 22, 1919, the Trident was also used as the coat of arms of the Western region of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]]. It remained the coat of arms of the hetman state of [[Pavlo Skoropadskyi]], as well as the [[Directorate of Ukraine]].

===Grand Duchy of Ruthenia (Archistrategos Mykhaïl)===
The importance of the Kyiv region coat of arms with [[Archangel Michael]] known as Archistrategos Mykhaïl arose during discussion of the so-called 1658 [[treaty of Hadiach]] between the delegation of the Cossack Hetmanate and the Crown of Poland, that foresaw the transformation of the Commonwealth into the [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]]. The coat of arms with Archangel Michael is often confused with symbol of the Kyiv City. Note that before the Muscovite annexation of Ukrainian lands in 18th century (see "[[partitions of Poland]]"), the city had another symbol which was included by [[Mykhailo Hrushevsky]] in his proposal of the Ukrainian coat of arms.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.3em auto"
! class="hintergrundfarbe8" colspan="5" |Ruthenia, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Cossack Hetmanate, Russian Empire, Ukraine
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|[[File:Alex K Kyiv Michael 2.svg|170px]]
|[[File:1597 Bielski Kyiv Voivodship.svg|170px]]
|[[File:Kyiv polk.svg|170px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Kiev Governorate.png|170px]]
|[[File:Kiew-city-COA.PNG|170px]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center"
|Coat of arms of [[Principality of Kiev|Kyiv Land]]<ref>[https://chytomo.com/reviziia-heraldyky-navishcho-ukraini-velykyj-herb-u-2020-mu/ Ревізія геральдики: навіщо Україні великий герб (The Heraldry audit: Why Ukraine needs a Great Coat of Arms)]. chytomo.com. 28 August 2020</ref>
|Coat of arms of Kijów Voivodeship
|Coat of arms of Kyiv Regiment
|Coat of arms of Kiev Governorate
|Coat of arms of Kyiv City
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.3em auto"
! class="hintergrundfarbe8" colspan="5" |Proposed / Drafts
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|[[File:Coat of arms of the January Uprising.svg|170px]]
|[[File:Bytynsʹkyĭ Coat of Arms of Ukraine Project 01.png|170px]]
|
[https://www.ukrweekly.com/uwwp/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Front_Winning-sketch-Oleksiy-Kokhan.jpg Link to file] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307192930/https://www.ukrweekly.com/uwwp/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Front_Winning-sketch-Oleksiy-Kokhan.jpg |date=2022-03-07 }})
|[[File:Emblems «Lysty do brativ-chiborobiv» ver 2.png|170px]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center"
|Coat of arms of the [[January Uprising]]
|Bytynskyi's coat of arms of Ukraine
|Kokhan's coat of arms of Ukraine<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ukrweekly.com/uwwp/choice-for-great-state-emblem-of-ukraine-draws-criticism/ | title=Choice for great state emblem of Ukraine draws criticism }}</ref>
|[[Vyacheslav Lypynsky|Lypynsky]]'s coat of arms (1917)
|}

===Carpathian Ruthenia (Red bear)===
{{main|Coat of arms of Carpathian Ruthenia}}

The coat of arms was created after the end of the [[First World War]], when Carpathian Ruthenia (then called Subcarpathian Rus') was transferred from [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Hungary]] to the newly created state of [[Czechoslovakia]]. It was designed in 1920 by [[Czechs|Czech]] historian {{ill|Gustav Friedrich|qid=Q12018531}}. The [[Rusyns|Ruthenians]] had been promised autonomy within the new country, and therefore a coat of arms was created for their land.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.3em auto"
! class="hintergrundfarbe8" colspan="4" |Carpathian Ruthenia
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|[[File:Greater coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1918-1938 and 1945-1961).svg|170x170px]]
|[[File:Karptska Ukraina COA.svg|170px]]
|[[File:Karpatska Ukraina-2 COA.svg|170px]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center"
|Greater [[coat of arms of Czechoslovakia]]
|Coat of arms of [[Carpatho-Ukraine]]
|Coat of arms of the current [[Zakarpattia Oblast]]
|}
The coat of arms shows the Ukrainian tinctures (heraldic colours) of blue and gold in its first (dexter) field and a red bear on silver in its second field. The bear is perhaps a symbol of Carpathian wildlife. The horizontal lines (in heraldry called bars) could perhaps have been inspired by the partitions per fess in the coat of arms of Hungary, to which the territory had belonged.

The arms were also used by the short-lived state of [[Carpatho-Ukraine]] in 1939, but with the addition of the Ukrainian Tryzub in the uppermost blue field, used previously by the Ukrainian People's Republic. Since the territory is the same for the current [[Zakarpattia Oblast]], the oblast uses the arms as its own minus the trident.

===Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic===
{{Main|Emblem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic}}
The coat of arms of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] was adopted on 14 March 1919 by the government of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was modified on 7 November 1928, 30 January 1937, and 21 November 1949. The 1949 coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the [[Soviet Union]] and features the [[hammer and sickle]] with a [[sunrise]] on a baroque-styled shield crowned with the [[red star]], and having ears of wheat on its outer rims.

The banner bears the Soviet Union state motto ("Workers of the world, unite!") in both the Ukrainian and Russian languages or Ukrainian only on some editions of the emblem. The name of the [[union republic]] was shown as a Russian acronym on the first emblem edition, on the next two editions as a Ukrainian acronym, while the latest edition contained the actual word "Ukrainian". The latest edition of the emblem was the one crowned with the red star which was not featured on previous editions.

After independence on 24 August 1991, Ukraine retained the Soviet emblem. The next year, in 1992, the emblem was changed to the present coat of arms of Ukraine, the tryzub (trident) coat of arms.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.3em auto"
! class="hintergrundfarbe8" colspan="4" |Emblem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|[[File:Герб УССР 1919.jpg|170px]]
|[[File:Emblem of the Ukrainian SSR (1929–1937).gif|188x188px]]
|[[File:COA of the Ukrainian SSR (1937-1949).svg|170px]]
|[[File:Coat of arms of Ukrainian SSR.svg|170px]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center"
|1919–1929
|1929–1937
|1937–1949
|1949–1992
|}

===Other variations===
Among other notable features are Archistratege [[Michael (archangel)|Michael the Archangel]], Pohoń Ruśka (Ruthenian Pursuer), Three crowns (representing three kings Daniel, Leo and George),<ref name=sprvar190711/> Galician jackdaw, Volhynian silver [[cross pattée]] at the red field, Podolian gold sun, Chernihiv black eagle, Kharkiv crossed cornucopia and caduceus at the green field, Okhtyrka golden [[Cross bottony|cross trefly]] on at the blue field.

<gallery style="margin:2px auto; text-align:center">

Columns of Gediminas.png|[[Columns of Gediminas]]
USS kokarda.svg|[[Sich Riflemen]] emblem on the cockade
Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists-M.svg|[[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|OUN]] tryzub designed by [[Robert Lisovskyi]]
Dyvizia Galychyna-rukav.svg|[[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)]] with a lion and three crowns
Lviv coat sov.png|City of [[Lviv]] in the [[Soviet Union]] (1967–1990)
POL Kamieniec Podolski COA.svg|Variation of [[Pogon Ruska]] for the city of [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]] in (1374–1796) until occupation of [[Podolia]] by [[Russian Empire]]
Nizhyn gerb.png|Variation of [[Pogon Ruska]] for the city of [[Nizhyn]]
File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.svg|Variation of Galician jackdaw with three crowns
</gallery>

==Greater coat of arms==
<gallery style="margin:2px auto; text-align:center">
File:Bytynsʹkyĭ Coat of Arms of Ukraine Project 03.png|Mykola Bytynskyi's proposal
File:Bytynsʹkyĭ Coat of Arms of Ukraine Project 01.png|Mykola Bytynskyi's proposal
File:Bytynsʹkyĭ Coat of Arms of Ukraine Project 02.png|Mykola Bytynskyi's proposal
File:UNR coa projects.svg|Mykhailo Hrushevskyi's proposal
File:Greater coat of arms of Ukraine (1996 proposal).svg|1996 proposal
</gallery>

In 1917, President of the [[Central Rada]] [[Mykhailo Hrushevsky]] proposed the Great Coat of Arms in the form of a single shield topped by a dove with olive branch. The shield was split five ways. At its center there was a smaller shield depicting a [[plough]] as a symbol of productive peaceful work surrounded by ancient state symbols of Ukraine: the princely arms of [[Vladimir the Great]] or Volodymyr the Great (''tryzub''), [[Pogoń Litewska|Litvin Pogon]] with a golden lion, [[cossack with musket]], the crossbow of Kyiv and the lion of Lviv.

In the current [[Constitution of Ukraine]] there is a constitutional provisions for the establishment of a Great Coat of Arms of Ukraine,<ref>[[Constitution of Ukraine]], [[s:Constitution of Ukraine#Article 20|Article 20]].</ref> although it was never officially adopted<ref name="7264081CoatUkraine"/> and was published in various heraldic sources. In this variant, the shield is supported by a lion from the [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galician]] Coat of Arms on the left and a cossack in traditional dress, wielding a [[musket]], the symbol of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] on the right. The Coat of Arms is crowned with the crown of Volodymyr the Great, symbolizing Ukrainian [[sovereignty]] and decorated with [[viburnum]] and wheat at the bottom.

Since [[Ukrainian independence]] in 1991 four attempts by the [[Ukrainian government]] to create an official Great Coat of Arms have failed.<ref name="7264081CoatUkraine"/> The official adoption of the Great Coat of Arms has to be endorsed (in a second reading<ref name="CoatUkraine58339423">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-58339423 "Two left paws and a fake crown." What is the Great Coat of Arms and why Zelensky is not satisfied with the trident], [[BBC Ukrainian]] (26 August 2021)</ref>) by a two-thirds majority vote (300 votes) in the [[Verkhovna Rada]], the Ukrainian parliament.<ref name="7264081CoatUkraine">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/08/25/7264081/ The government will create a large coat of arms of Ukraine], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (25 August 2020)</ref>

On 25 August 2020 the Verkhovna Rada instructed the [[Shmyhal Government]] to get an official Great Coat of Arms of Ukraine adopted in time for the [[30th anniversary of Ukrainian independence]].<ref name="7264081CoatUkraine"/> On the day of the 30th anniversary of Ukrainian independence, 24 August 2021, the Verkhovna Rada adopted a law in its first reading that establishes an official Great Coat of Arms of Ukraine with 257 votes.<ref name="CoatUkraine58339423"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Ukraine|Heraldry}}
* [[Armorial of Ukraine]]
* [[Columns of Gediminas]]
* [[Flag of Ukraine]]
* [[National symbols of Ukraine]]
* [[Symbols of the Rurikids]]
* [[Trident]]
** [[Trishula]]
** [[Trident of Poseidon]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book |title=The Origins of the Old Rus' Weights and Monetary Systems|last=Pritsak|first=Omeljan|year=1998|publisher=[[Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]]|location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]|isbn=0-916458-48-2|ref=none}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Zhukovsky|first=Arkadii|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]|title=Trident (tryzub)|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkPath=pages\T\R\Trident.htm|access-date=2009-03-26|year=1993|volume=5|ref=none}}

== Further reading ==
* ''Леонід К.'' В справі герба України. — Київ : Видавництво „Шлях“, 1918. — 8 с.
* Все про світ. Країни. Прапори. Герби: енциклопедичний довідник / [відповідальний за випуск М. Ілляш]. — К. : Школа, 2001. — 622 с. {{ISBN|966-7657-79-5}}.
* ''Ґречило А.'' Українська територіальна геральдика. — Львів, 2010. — 280 с. ({{ISBN|978-966-02-5259-2}})
* Гай-Нижник П. П. З історії створення державного герба та печатки Української держави Павла Скоропадського // Архіви України. — № 6, 2001
* ''Ґречило А.'' Становлення українських національно-державних символів у 1917—1920 роках // Записки наукового товариства ім. Шевченка. — Львів, 2006. — Т. CCLII. — С. 114—142.

==External links==
{{Commons category|National coat of arms of Ukraine}}
* [https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2137а-12 Official specification] (Ukrainian)
** [http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T213700.html Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Resolution № 2137-XII of 19.02.1992 on the Coat of Arms of Ukraine](Ukrainian) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417131407/http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T213700.html |date=2022-04-17 }}

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