View source for Close front rounded vowel

{{Short description|Vowel sound represented by ⟨y⟩ in IPA}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|y (IPA)|ʏ}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=y
|ipa number=309
|decimal=121
|x-sampa=y
|braille=y
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0079.svg
}}
{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}

[[File:Spectrogram of close front rounded vowel (IPA y).png|thumb|A spectrogram of {{IPA|[y]}}]]

The '''close front rounded vowel''', or '''high front rounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[vowel]] sound, used in some spoken [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|y}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <code>y</code>. Across many languages, it is most commonly represented [[orthography|orthographically]] as {{angbr|[[ü]]}} (in German, Turkish, Estonian and Hungarian) or {{angbr|y}} (in Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish and Albanian) but also as {{angbr|u}} (in [[French alphabet|French]] and [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and the [[Kernewek Kemmyn]] standard of [[Cornish language|Cornish]]); {{angbr|iu}}/{{angbr|yu}} (in the [[romanization]] of various Asian languages); {{angbr|уь}} (in [[Cyrillic]]-based writing systems such as that for [[Chechen language|Chechen]]); or {{angbr|ү}} (in [[Cyrillic]]-based writing systems such as that for [[Tatar language|Tatar]]).

Short {{IPA|/y/}} and long {{IPA|/yː/}} occurred in pre-[[Modern Greek]]. In the [[Attic Greek|Attic]] and [[Ionic Greek|Ionic dialects]] of [[Ancient Greek]], front {{IPA|[y yː]}} developed by fronting from back {{IPA|/u uː/}} around the 6th to 7th century BC. A little later, the diphthong {{IPA|/yi/}} when not before another vowel monophthongized and merged with long {{IPA|/yː/}}. In [[Koine Greek]], the diphthong {{IPA|/oi/}} changed to {{IPA|[yː]}}, likely through the intermediate stages {{IPA|[øi]}} and {{IPA|[øː]}}. Through vowel shortening in Koine Greek, long {{IPA|/yː/}} merged with short {{IPA|/y/}}. Later, {{IPA|/y/}} unrounded to {{IPA|[i]}}, yielding the pronunciation of Modern Greek. For more information, see the articles on [[Ancient Greek phonology|Ancient Greek]] and [[Koine Greek phonology]].

The close front rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the [[labialized palatal approximant]] {{IPA|[ɥ]}}. {{IPA|[y]}} [[alternation (linguistics)|alternates]] with {{IPA|[ɥ]}} in certain languages, such as French, and in the [[diphthong]]s of some languages, {{angbr IPA|y̑}} with the non-syllabic diacritic and {{angbr IPA|ɥ}} are used in different [[phonetic transcription|transcription]] systems to represent the same sound.

In most languages, this [[Roundedness|rounded]] vowel is pronounced with compressed lips ('exolabial'). However, in a few cases the lips are protruded ('endolabial').

==Close front compressed vowel==
The '''close front compressed vowel''' is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|y}}, and that is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated [[IPA diacritic|diacritic]] for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter {{IPAalink|β̞}} as {{angbr IPA|i͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[i]}} and labial compression) or {{angbr IPA|iᵝ}} ({{IPA|[i]}} modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;&nbsp;͍ }} may also be used with a rounded vowel letter {{angbr IPA|y͍}} as an ''ad hoc'' symbol, though technically 'spread' means unrounded.

===Features===
{{close vowel}}
{{front vowel}}
{{compressed vowel}}

===Occurrence===
Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Afrikaans]] || Standard{{sfnp|Donaldson|1993|p=2}} || {{lang|af|[[Afrikaans alphabet|'''u''']]}} || {{IPA|[y]}} || 'you' (formal) || Merges with {{IPA|/i/}} in younger speakers. See [[Afrikaans phonology]]
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]] || Standard || {{lang|sq|[[Albanian alphabet|'''y'''lber]]}} || {{IPA|[ylbɛɾ]}} || 'rainbow' || Merges with {{IPA|/i/}} in many dialects. See [[Albanian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]{{sfnp|Mokari|Werner|2016|p=?}} || {{lang|az|[[Azerbaijani alphabet|g'''ü'''llə]]}} || {{IPA|[ɟylˈlæ]}} || 'bullet' ||
|-
| [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] || [[Amstetten dialect]]<ref name="tm82">{{Harvcoltxt|Traunmüller|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=290}}</ref> ||{{example needed|date=October 2014}} || || || Contrasts close {{IPA|[y]}}, near-close {{IPAblink|ø̝}}, close-mid {{IPAblink|ø}} and open-mid {{IPAblink|œ}} front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink|ä}}.<ref name="tm82"/>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Breton language|Breton]]{{sfnp|Ternes|1992|pp=431, 433}} || {{lang|br|br'''u'''d}} || {{IPA|[bʁyːt̪]}} || 'noise' ||
|-
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]] || [[Northern Catalan|Northern]]{{sfnp|Recasens|1996|p=69}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan alphabet|b'''u'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈbyt]}} || 'aim' || Found in [[Occitan language|Occitan]] and [[French language|French]] loanwords. See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Chechen language|Chechen]] || {{lang|ce-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''уьй'''тӏе]]}} / {{lang|ce-Latn|'''üy'''the}} || {{IPA|[yːtʼje]}} || 'yard' || 
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]{{sfnp|Lee|Zee|2003|pp=110–111}}{{sfnp|Duanmu|2007|pp=35–36}} || {{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|女]]}} / {{lang|cmn-Latn|[[Pinyin|n'''ǚ''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Zh-nǚ.ogg|[ny˨˩˦]|help=no}}|| 'woman' || rowspan="3" | See [[Standard Chinese phonology]] and [[Cantonese phonology]]
|-
| [[Cantonese]]{{sfnp|Zee|1999|pp=59–60}} || {{lang|yue|[[Chinese characters|書]]}} / {{lang|yue-Latn|[[Yale romanization of Cantonese|s'''yū''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Yue-syu1.ogg|[syː˥]|help=no}} || 'book'
|-
| [[Shanghainese]]{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|p=328}} || {{lang|wuu|[[Chinese characters|驢]]}} || {{IPA|[ly˧]}} || 'donkey'
|-
|[[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]
|
|[[Cyrillic script|т'''ӳ'''ме]]
|[tyme]
|'button'
|
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]] || Standard{{sfnp|Grønnum|1998|p=100}}{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Johnson|2010|p=227}} || {{lang|da|[[Danish alphabet|s'''y'''nlig]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈsyːnli]}} || 'visible' || See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|2007|p=30}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|n'''u''']]}} || {{IPA|[ny]}} || 'now' || Also described as near-close {{IPAblink|y˕}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=132}} The Standard Northern realization has also been described as close central {{IPAblink|ʉ}}.{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=47}} See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[English language|English]] || General [[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=116}} || rowspan="4" | ''[[English orthography|f'''ew''']]'' || rowspan="4" | {{IPA|[fjyː]}} || rowspan="4" | 'few' || Some younger speakers, especially females. Others pronounce a more central vowel {{IPAblink|ʉː}}.{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=116}} See [[South African English phonology]]
|-
| [[Multicultural London English|Multicultural London]]{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=91}} || May be back {{IPAblink|uː}} instead.{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=91}}
|-
| [[Scouse]]{{sfnp|Watson|2007|p=357}} || May be central {{IPAblink|ʉː}} instead.
|-
| [[Hiberno-English|Ulster]]<ref name="ireland">{{cite web|last=Jilka|first=Matthias|title=Irish English and Ulster English|place=Stuttgart|publisher=Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart|page=6|url=http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050911/http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf|archive-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> || Long allophone of {{IPA|/u/}}; occurs only after {{IPA|/j/}}.<ref name="ireland"/> See [[English phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Estonian language|Estonian]]{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}} || {{lang|et|[[Estonian alphabet|'''ü'''ks]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈyks]}} || 'one' || See [[Estonian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Faroese language|Faroese]]{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|pp=68, 74}} || {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|m'''y'''tisk]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈmyːtɪsk]}} || 'mythological' || Appears only in loanwords.{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=75}} See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Finnish language|Finnish]]{{sfnp|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=60, 66}}{{sfnp|Suomi|Toivanen|Ylitalo|2008|p=21}} || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|'''y'''ksi]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈyksi]}} || 'one' || See [[Finnish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=84}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|t'''u''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Fr-tu.ogg|[t̪y]|help=no}} || 'you' || The Parisian realization has been also described as near-close {{IPAblink|ʏ}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}} See [[French phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || [[Standard German|Standard]]{{sfnp|Hall|2003|pp=92, 107}}{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=34}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''ü'''ber]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|De-über.ogg|[ˈyːbɐ]|help=no}} || 'over' || See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| Many speakers{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|sch'''ü'''tzen]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈʃyt͡sn̩]}} || 'protect' || The usual realization of {{IPA|/ʏ/}} in Switzerland, Austria and partially also in Western and Southwestern Germany (Palatinate, Swabia).{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Modern Greek|Greek]] || [[Varieties of Modern Greek|Tyrnavos]]{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|pp=86–87}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|σάλ'''ιο''']]}} / {{lang|el-Latn|[[Romanization of Greek|sal'''io''']]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ˈsäly]}} || rowspan="2" | 'saliva' || rowspan="2" | Corresponds to {{IPA|/jo/}} in Standard Modern Greek.{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|pp=86–87}}
|-
| [[Varieties of Modern Greek|Velvendos]]{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|pp=86–87}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]{{sfnp|Szende|1994|p=92}} || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|t'''ű''']]}} || {{IPA|[t̪yː]}} || 'pin' || See [[Hungarian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Iaai language|Iaai]]{{sfnp|Maddieson|Anderson|1994|p=164}} || {{lang|iai|'''ûû'''}} || {{IPA|[yː]}} || 'quarrel' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko|[[Hangul|뒤]]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Romanization of Korean|d'''wi''']]}} || {{IPA|[ty(ː)]}}|| 'back'|| Now usually a diphthong {{IPA|[ɥi]}}, especially in Seoul and surrounding dialects. See [[Korean phonology]]
|-
|[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]{{sfnp|Thackston|2006a|p=1}}{{sfnp|Khan|Lescot|1970|pp=8-16}}
|[[Kurmanji|Kurmanji (Northern)]]
|{{lang|ku|[[Kurdish orthography|k'''ü''']]}}
|{{IPA|[kʰyːɥ]}}
|'mountain'
|Equal to [[Palewani|Palewani (Southern)]] {{IPAblink|ʉː}}. See [[Kurdish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]]{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=110}}{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}} || {{lang|li|z'''uu'''t}} || {{IPA|[zyːt]}} || 'sees' || Central {{IPAblink|ʉː}} in [[Maastrichtian dialect|Maastricht]].{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} The example word is from the Weert dialect.
|-
|[[Lombard language|Lombard]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-e8pCgAAQBAJ|title=Vowel Length from Latin to Romance|last=Loporcaro|first=Michele|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-19-965655-4|pages=93–96}}</ref>
|Most dialects<ref name=":0" />
|{{lang|lmo|rid'''üü'''}}
{{lang|lmo|rid'''uu'''}}
|{{IPA|[riˈdyː]}}
|'laughed'
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Low German]]{{sfnp|Prehn|2012|p=157}} || {{lang|nds|f'''ü'''r}} / {{lang|nds-nl|f'''uu'''r}} || {{IPA|[fyːɐ̯]}} || 'fire' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=72}} || {{lang|lb|H'''ü'''ll}} || {{IPA|[hyl]}} || 'envelope' || Occurs only in loanwords.{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=72}} See [[Luxembourgish phonology]]
|-
| [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]{{sfnp|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=62, 66–67}} || [[Inner Mongolia]] || {{lang|mn-Cyrl|[[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|т'''үй'''мэр]]}} / {{lang|mn-Latn|t'''üi'''mer}} || {{IPA|[tʰyːmɘɾɘ̆]}} || 'prairie fire' || Diphthong {{IPA|[uj]}} in [[Khalkha Mongolian|Khalkha]].
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 20}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian orthography|s'''y'''d]]}} || {{IPA|[syːd]}} || 'south' || The example word is from [[Urban East Norwegian]], in which the vowel varies in rounding between compressed {{IPA|[yː]}} and protruded {{IPAblink|y̫ː}}. It can be diphthongized to {{IPA|[yə̯]}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=19}}{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=15–16}} See [[Norwegian phonology]].
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || {{lang|fo|[[Occitan orthography|Besal'''ú''']]}} || {{IPA|[besalyː]}} || '[[Besalú|Town of Besalú]]' || See [[Occitan phonology]]
|-
| [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]] || Canadian Old Colony{{sfnp|Cox|Driedger|Tucker|2013|pp=224–245}} || {{lang|pdt|b'''uu'''t}} || {{IPA|[byːt]}} || 'builds' || Corresponds to back {{IPAblink|u}} in other varieties.{{sfnp|Cox|Driedger|Tucker|2013|pp=224–245}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || [[Azores|Azorean]]<ref name="pt">[http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/signum/article/viewFile/3758/3020 Variação Linguística no Português Europeu: O Caso do Português dos Açores] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|fig'''u'''ra]]}} || {{IPA|[fiˈɣyɾə]}} || 'figure'|| rowspan=2 | Stressed vowel, fronting of original {{IPA|/u/}} in some dialects.<ref name="pt"/> See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| [[European Portuguese|Algarve]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tWk6gpv8ep0C&pg=PA186 Portuguese: A Linguistic Introduction – by Milton M. Azevedo] Page 186.</ref> || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|t'''u'''do]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪yðu]}} || 'all'
|-
| [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian]]<ref>{{in lang|pt}} [http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/11719/1/Cristina_Flores%20e%20Andreia_Rauber-Percepcao_vogaisDiacr%C3%ADtica.pdf The perception of German vowels by Portuguese-German bilinguals: do returned emigrants suffer phonological erosion?] Pages 57 and 68.</ref> || {{lang|pt|déjà v'''u'''}} || {{IPA|[d̪e̞ʒɐ ˈvy]}} || '[[déjà vu]]' || Found in French and [[German language|German]] loanwords. Speakers may instead use {{IPA|[u]}} or {{IPA|[i]}}. See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]{{sfnp|Fort|2001|p=411}}{{sfnp|Peters|2017|p=?}} || {{lang|stq|w'''üü'''l}} || {{IPA|[vyːl]}} || 'wanted' (v.) ||
|-
|[[Scottish Gaelic]]
|younger [[Isle of Lewis|Lewis]] speakers{{sfnp|Nance|2013}}
|''c'''ù'''''
|{{IPA|[kʰyː]}}
|'dog'
|Normal allophone of {{IPAblink|uː}}. More central as {{IPAblink|ʉː}} among older speakers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Aspiration|url=https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Scottish Gaelic Dialect Survey|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000221/https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9 |archive-date=2021-04-24 }}</ref> See [[Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography|Scottish Gaelic phonology]]
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Riad|2014|pp=27–28}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''u'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[yːt̪]}} || 'out' || Often realized as a sequence {{IPA|[yβ̞]}} or {{IPA|[yβ]}}.{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=141}}{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=28}} The height has been variously described as close {{IPA|[yː]}}{{sfnp|Riad|2014|pp=27–28}} and near-close {{IPAblink|ʏː}}.{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʉː}}; it is central {{IPAblink|ʉː}} in other dialects. See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}}{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=11}} || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|g'''ü'''neş]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Tr-güneş.ogg|[ɟyˈn̪e̞ʃ]}} || 'sun' || See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]{{sfnp|Tiersma|1999|p=11}} || {{lang|fy|'''ú'''t}} || {{IPA|[yt]}} || 'out' || See [[West Frisian phonology]]
|}

==Close front protruded vowel==
{{Infobox IPA
|above = Close front protruded vowel
|ipa symbol = y̫
|ipa symbol2 = yʷ
|ipa symbol3 = iʷ
}}
Catford notes{{full citation needed|date=July 2019}} that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few languages, such as [[Scandinavian languages|Scandinavian]] ones, have protruded front vowels. One of these, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see [[near-close near-front rounded vowel]], with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;&nbsp;̫}}, will be used here as an ''ad hoc'' symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|yʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|iʷ}} (a close front vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.

Acoustically, this sound is "between" the more typical compressed close front vowel {{IPA|[y]}} and the unrounded close front vowel {{IPAblink|i}}.

===Features===
{{close vowel}}
{{front vowel}}
{{protruded vowel}}

===Occurrence===
{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
|[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]{{sfnp|Khan|Lescot|1970|pp=8-16}}{{sfnp|Thackston|2006a|p=1}}
|[[Palewani|Palewani (Southern)]]
|{{lang|ku|[[Kurdish orthography|کۊ]]}}
|{{IPA|[kʰy̫ːɥ]}}
|'mountain'
|Allophone of {{IPAblink|ʉː}} in regional dialects. See [[Kurdish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 20}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian orthography|s'''y'''d]]}} || {{IPA|[sy̫ːd]}} || 'south' || The example word is from [[Urban East Norwegian]], in which the vowel varies in rounding between protruded {{IPA|[y̫ː]}} and compressed {{IPAblink|y͍|yː}}. It can be diphthongized to {{IPA|[y̫ə̯]}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=19}}{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=15–16}} See [[Norwegian phonology]].
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|pp=140–141}}{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=26}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''y'''la]]}} || {{IPA|[²y̫ːlä]}} || 'howl' || Often realized as a sequence {{IPA|[y̫ɥ̫]}} or {{IPA|[y̫ɥ̫˔]}}{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=141}}{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=26}} (hear the word: {{Audio-IPA|sv-yla.ogg|[²y̫ɥ̫lä]|help=no}}); it may also be fricated {{IPA|[y̫ᶻː]}} or, in some regions, fricated and centralized ({{IPAblink|ʉ|ʉᶻː}}).{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=21}} See [[Swedish phonology]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Near-close near-front protruded vowel]]
* [[Close central protruded vowel]]
* [[Index of phonetics articles]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation
|last=Árnason
|first=Kristján
|title=The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese
|year=2011
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-922931-4
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Asu
|first1=Eva Liina
|last2=Teras
|first2=Pire
|year=2009
|title=Estonian
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=39
|issue=3
|pages=367–372
|doi=10.1017/s002510030999017x
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Chen
|first1=Yiya
|last2=Gussenhoven
|first2=Carlos
|year=2015
|title=Shanghai Chinese
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=45
|issue=3
|pages=321–327
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287375585
|doi=10.1017/S0025100315000043
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Collins
|first1=Beverley
|last2=Mees
|first2=Inger M.
|year=2003
|orig-year=First published 1981
|title=The Phonetics of English and Dutch
|edition=5th
|place=Leiden
|publisher=Brill Publishers
|isbn=9004103406
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Collins
|first1=Beverley
|last2=Mees
|first2=Inger M.
|year=2013
|orig-year=First published 2003
|title=Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students
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{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|y}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Close Front Rounded Vowel}}
[[Category:Close vowels]]
[[Category:Front vowels]]
[[Category:Rounded vowels]]