View source for Clipper card

{{Short description|Public transit ticketing system in the San Francisco Bay Area, US}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox electronic payment
| name = Clipper
| location = [[San Francisco Bay Area]]
| launched = June 16, 2010
| service_1 = 24 transit services ([[#Transit_services|see below]])
| sales_location_1 = [http://www.clippercard.com Online]
| sales_location_2 = Ticket machines ([[Bay Area Rapid Transit|BART]], [[San Francisco Municipal Railway|Muni]], [[Golden Gate Ferry]], [[San Francisco Bay Ferry]] ([[Vallejo Station|Vallejo]] only), [[Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit|SMART]], select [[Caltrain]] stations)
| sales_location_3 = [[Walgreens]] stores
| sales_location_4 = Select local retail stores
| currency = [[United States dollar]]
| credit_expiry = None
| maximum_credit = $300
| automatic_recharge = Yes
| variant_1 = Youth Clipper card<ref name="youth-senior-cards">{{cite web|title=Youth/Senior Cards|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/youth-senior-cards.html|website=Clipper|access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref>
| variant_2 = Senior Clipper card<ref name="youth-senior-cards" />
| variant_3 = RTC Clipper card<ref name="rtc-cards">{{cite web|title=RTC Card & Accessibility|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/rtc-card-accessibility.html|website=Clipper|access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref>
| technology_1 = [[MIFARE#MIFARE DESFire|MIFARE DESFire (MF3ICD40)]]
| operator = [[Cubic Transportation Systems]]
| manager = [[Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)|Metropolitan Transportation Commission]]
| homepage = {{official url}}
| sales_location_5 = Clipper customer service centers
| othername_1 = 路路通 (Chinese)
| variant_4 = Limited-use Muni ticket<ref name="limited-use">{{Cite web|title=Loading Value|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/loading-value.html|url-status=live|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Clipper|quote=Limited-use tickets can only be used for one-way and round trips on Golden Gate Ferry and Muni and provide no transfer discounts, but youth, senior and disabled riders can purchase discounted tickets at ticket machines.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809144424/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/loading-value.html |archive-date=2020-08-09 }}</ref>
| variant_5 = Limited-use Golden Gate Ferry ticket<ref name="limited-use"/>
| logo = Clipper logo.svg
| logo caption = Clipper logo
| logo alt = The Clipper logo. Two ships, each composed of three rounded blue triangles pointing upwards atop one blue triangle pointing downwards. The ship on the right is twice as large as the ship on the left. At the right is the word "Clipper" in all capital letters.
}}

The '''Clipper card''' is a reloadable [[contactless smart card]] used for [[automated fare collection]] in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. First introduced as '''TransLink''' in 2002 by the [[Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)|Metropolitan Transportation Commission]] (MTC) as a pilot program, it was rebranded in its current form on June 16, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sfferryriders.com/translink-name-changes-to-clipper-on-june-16/|title=TransLink name changes to Clipper on June 16 - SF Ferry Riders}}</ref> Like other transit smart cards such as the [[Oyster card]], the Clipper card is a [[ISO/IEC 7810|credit card-sized]] [[stored-value card]] capable of holding both [[cash]] value and [[transit pass]]es for the participating transit agencies.<ref name=":3" /> In addition to the traditional [[plastic card]], Clipper is available as a virtual card in [[Google Wallet]] and [[Apple Wallet]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":38">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Google Pay {{!}} Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/google-pay|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|website=clippercard.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519170858/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/google-pay |archive-date=2021-05-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Pay - Bay Area Transit|url=https://transit.applepay.apple/san-francisco|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Apple|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516080608/https://transit.applepay.apple/san-francisco|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Use Google Pay in Place of Bay Area Clipper Card - Google Pay|url=https://pay.google.com/about/transit/clipper/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=pay.google.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Clipper is accepted by nearly all [[Public transport|public transit]] services in the Bay Area, including but not limited to [[San Francisco Municipal Railway|Muni]], [[Bay Area Rapid Transit|BART]], [[Caltrain]], [[AC Transit]], [[SamTrans]], [[Golden Gate Transit]], [[Golden Gate Ferry]], [[San Francisco Bay Ferry]], and [[Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority|VTA]].<ref name=":4" />

==History==
===Translink origins===
[[File:Translink card.jpg|thumb|The former TransLink card, issued prior to June 2010|left]]
In 1993, [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] (BART) and [[County Connection]] launched a pilot program named Translink (not to be confused with [[Translink (disambiguation)|other agencies with that name]]) that allowed the use of a single fare card between the two systems.<ref name="1995 Translink-end">{{cite news| last=Fimrite| first=Peter| title=Coding Problems To Derail BART's Translink Program| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1995/11/15/MN18521.DTL| access-date=9 July 2011| newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle| date=15 November 1995}}</ref> The card, which used [[magnetic stripe card|magnetic stripe]] technology, was envisioned to one day include all Bay Area transit agencies. However, because of technical problems, the program was abandoned two years later.<ref name="1995 Translink-end" />

Translink had a projected capital cost of $4 million when undertaken in 1993.<ref name="1995 Translink-end" /> In its current form, first as TransLink and later as Clipper, implementation was expected to cost $30 million.<ref name="mtcfms">{{Cite web| access-date=19 June 2008| title=Metropolitan Transportation Commission Fund Management System| publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission| url=http://www.mtc.ca.gov/funding/fms_intro.htm| archive-date=3 June 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603070956/http://www.mtc.ca.gov/funding/fms_intro.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> Cost estimates have since increased; in 2008, the projected 25-year capital and operations costs were estimated at $338 million.<ref name="mtcfms" />

Implementation took more than a decade. In 1998, MTC envisioned full availability of TransLink by 2001.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Bowman| first=Catherine| title=Multitransit Card Proposed| journal=San Francisco Chronicle| date=15 January 1998| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1998/01/15/MN71750.DTL}}</ref> However, it was fully operational for only five transit agencies by 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Gordon| first=Rachael| title=TransLink backers consider letting people pay for parking with card| journal=San Francisco Chronicle| date=27 November 2007| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/11/27/BA74TJGGE.DTL}}</ref>

TransLink was developed by Australian-based [[Vix ERG|ERG Group]] and [[Motorola]] under the ERG-Motorola alliance in April 1999. However, upon the launch of Clipper, [[Cubic Transportation Systems]] took over administration of distribution, customer service, and financial settlement of the program.<ref>{{cite web| title=Cubic Supports Metropolitan Transportation Commission in Launching ClipperSM Card for San Francisco Bay Area| url=http://cts.cubic.com/AboutUs/News/News/tabid/434/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/17/language/en-US/Cubic-Supports-Metropolitan-Transportation-Commission-in-Launching-ClippersupSMsup-Card-for-San-Francisco-Bay-Area.aspx| access-date=30 May 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305173143/http://cts.cubic.com/AboutUs/News/News/tabid/434/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/17/language/en-US/Cubic-Supports-Metropolitan-Transportation-Commission-in-Launching-ClippersupSMsup-Card-for-San-Francisco-Bay-Area.aspx| archive-date=5 March 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Renamed to Clipper===
[[File:Clipper card.png|left|thumb|The Clipper card|233x233px]]
On {{#dateformat:16 June 2010|mdy}}, [[Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)|MTC]] changed the TransLink name to Clipper, an homage to the [[clipper]] ships of the 19th century, the fastest way to travel from the East Coast to San Francisco,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/cityinsider/detail?entry_id=56942| title=Translink, step aside| last=Cabanatuan| first=Michael| date=10 February 2010| work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> and eliminated the contact interface which had been used to load funds onto the cards at TransLink machines.

In October 2010, the MTC selected '''路路通''' ([[Pinyin]]: Lùlùtōng, the "Go Everywhere Card", lit. "every transit route/line pass") as the official [[Chinese language|Chinese]] name for Clipper.<ref name="MTC-Chinese">{{cite web|title=ClipperSM Card Grows in Popularity and Reaches Out to Chinese Market|url=http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/current_topics/10-10/clipper_chinese.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504231738/http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/current_topics/10-10/clipper_chinese.htm|archive-date=4 May 2011|access-date=9 July 2011|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="World Journal-Chinese">{{cite news|author=李秀蘭|date=8 October 2010|script-title=zh:公車儲值卡 中文名路路通|language=zh|newspaper=World Journal|url=http://sf.worldjournal.com/view/full_sfnews/9835564/article-公車儲值卡-中文名路路通|url-status=dead|access-date=9 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716074017/http://sf.worldjournal.com/view/full_sfnews/9835564/article-%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%8A%E5%84%B2%E5%80%BC%E5%8D%A1-%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D%E8%B7%AF%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A|archive-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> In [[Spanish language|Spanish]] it is known as "tarjeta Clipper".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuevo usuario de Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/es_nuevo-usuario-de-clipper.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-09|website=Clipper|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710083139/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/es_nuevo-usuario-de-clipper.html |archive-date=2020-07-10 }}</ref>

After the system was renamed to Clipper in 2010, adoption continued slowly: only 7 agencies were fully operational with Clipper by January 2012,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120111446/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-date=2012-01-20 | title=Use Clipper }}</ref> 8 in January 2013,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115091539/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-date=2013-01-15 | title=Use Clipper }}</ref> 13 by March 2015,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319035104/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-date=2015-03-19 | title=Use Clipper }}</ref> finally reaching 20 agencies by March 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192247/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do | archive-date=2016-03-03 | title=Use Clipper }}</ref> As of October 2022, the card can be used on 24 agencies,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/where-to-use.html | title=The Bay Area's all-in-one transit card }}</ref> unlocking bike shares, and validating BART parking.

In December 2020, BART announced that it had converted all of its ticket machines to Clipper-only, discontinuing the sale of paper magstripe tickets that had been used since the system's inception in the 1970s.<ref name=":2" /> Until November 30, 2023, existing paper tickets remained valid and add-fare machines inside the [[paid area]] of each station could be used to add fare to paper tickets if they had insufficient [[Exit fare|fare remaining to exit]] at the station in question.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bart.gov/tickets/sales/refunds|title=Refunds|website=www.bart.gov|access-date=2025-06-18}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Clipper and Tickets|url=https://www.bart.gov/tickets|access-date=2021-05-09|website=www.bart.gov}}</ref>

As part of efforts to integrate the fare systems of Bay Area transit agencies, the Clipper Bay Pass pilot program was announced in August 2022. The Bay Pass provides free unlimited rides on Clipper-enabled transit systems to a subset of students at participating educational institutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2022/news20220815|title=Clipper BayPass launches with unlimited transit access|date=2022-08-15|accessdate=2022-09-10}}</ref> The program is planned to expand to other institutions, such as businesses and non-profits, in 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/clipper-baypass-transit-pass-bay-area-pilot-program/|title=Clipper BayPass pilot program launched; transit pass to be used on all Bay Area public transit agencies|date=2022-08-17|accessdate=2022-09-10|work=CBS News}}</ref>

===Clipper Next Generation===
[[File:Older (left) and newer (right) Clipper Card machines on the southbound platform of the Lawrence Avenue Caltrain station.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Updated Clipper Card reader (right) alongside legacy reader at {{cals|Lawrence}} station, 2022]]
In 2014, the MTC started an initiative to design the next generation of the Clipper system, nicknamed "C2" or "Clipper 2.0".<ref name="clipper2-faq">{{cite web|author=Metropolitan Transportation Commission|title=Frequently Asked Questions : Future of Clipper|url=http://www.futureofclipper.com/faq_english|access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Levin|first=Adina|date=2014-02-17|title=MTC starts work on Clipper 2.0 – will it fulfill promise of integrated regional fares?|url=http://www.greencaltrain.com/2014/02/mtc-starts-work-on-clipper-2-0-will-it-fulfill-promise-of-integrated-regional-fares/|access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref> The contract with Cubic for the existing Clipper system expired in 2019, and the system architecture dates from the 1990s. These factors led the MTC to start developing a next generation system, initially planned to begin operation in 2021.<ref name="chronicle-clipper2">{{cite news|last=Cabanatuan|first=Michael|date=September 7, 2018|title=Clipper transit card getting $194 million overhaul — including phone payment app|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Clipper-transit-cards-getting-194M-overhaul-13213643.php|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> The first contract was awarded in September 2018 for a Next Generation System Integrator; additional contracts were awarded in 2021 (payment services and customer service center), 2022 (new fare cards), and 2023 (card distribution).<ref name=MTC-Fremier-2309>{{cite web |url=https://mtc.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6332803&GUID=12C6719E-AC2D-4418-A5E2-E6D571F27D10 |title=Agenda Item 3a: Clipper Next Generation Fare Payment System Update |first=Andrew B. |last=Fremier |date=September 8, 2023 |publisher=Regional Network Management Committee, Metropolitan Transportation Commission |access-date=19 December 2024}} [Attachments 1 and 2]</ref>

The new system was specified to include a [[mobile app]] as well as integration with [[digital wallet]]s.<ref name="chronicle-clipper2" /> In addition, the next generation will add an open network to directly accept [[contactless payment]]s using credit or debit card(s) at fare readers.<ref name=MTC-Fremier-2309/> The upgrade was planned to be funded in part by $50 million from [[Bay Area Toll Authority#Regional Measure 3|Regional Measure 3]], a bridge toll increase approved in June 2018, but the funds from the measure were on hold due to a lawsuit until 2023.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/Final_RM3_Expenditure_Plan.pdf|title=Regional Measure 3 Expenditure Plan|author=Metropolitan Transportation Commission|access-date=2018-05-16|year=2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/California-Supreme-Court-revives-challenge-to-1-15648493.php|title=California Supreme Court revives challenge to $1 toll increase at seven Bay Area bridges|date=October 14, 2020|accessdate=October 21, 2022|first=Bob|last=Egelko|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/california-supreme-court-rejects-lawsuit-against-17742422.php|title=California Supreme Court rejects lawsuit against 2018 transit funding measure. These Bay Area projects will benefit|first=Ricardo|last=Cano|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=January 25, 2023|accessdate=May 3, 2024}}</ref> Implementation of the next generation system has been slowed by the global COVID-19 pandemic; in addition, the new system is required to remain fully compatible with the current generation of Clipper cards without exception, causing additional delays.<ref name=MTC-Fremier-2309/>

On April 15, 2021, Clipper became available in [[Apple Wallet]], and the Clipper [[mobile app]] for [[iOS]] was released.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Hollister|first=Sean|date=2021-04-15|title=Silicon Valley's Clipper all-in-one transit card finally adds Apple Pay|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/15/22386692/bart-caltrain-muni-ferry-apple-pay-clipper-card-sf-bay-area-iphone-watch|access-date=2021-05-09|work=The Verge}}</ref> Integration with [[Google Pay (payment method)|Google Pay]] and an [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app were released on May 19, 2021.<ref name=":39">{{Cite web|title=Bay Area Clipper on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1395061869422030848|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Twitter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519172038/https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1395061869422030848 |archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref>

Physical equipment installation for the next generation system started in 2022 with new fare readers.<ref name=MTC-Fremier-2309/> The most noticeable change for riders was the new fare readers were not backwards-compatible with TransLink cards, as announced by Clipper in March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bay Area Clipper on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1509296938331553792 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Twitter}}</ref> As of September 2024, the project is expected to begin public rollout in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mtc.legistar.com/gateway.aspx?M=F&ID=8809fdec-6fc3-4519-a5ab-aa87179356b1.pdf|title=Clipper® Next Generation Schedule|date=2024-10-23|accessdate=2024-12-11|publisher=MTC}}</ref>

==Usage==
[[File:Clipper card tagging use.jpg|thumb|A Clipper card being used to enter a [[Bay Area Rapid Transit|BART]] faregate]]

===Cost of card===
Obtaining a card was free from introduction in June 2010 to encourage users to adopt the card, until September 1, 2012, when new adult cards began to cost $3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://missionlocal.org/2012/09/new-clipper-cards-to-cost-3/|title=New Clipper Cards to Cost $3|date=1 September 2012}}</ref> This charge covers the cost (approximately $2) to manufacture each card, helps cover operating expenses,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bay Area Clipper on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1449159235229523970|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Twitter|quote=Just like with plastic Clipper cards, we charge a one-time fee of $3 to help cover our operating costs to make sure our programs and services can continue serving everyone.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015234429/https://twitter.com/BayAreaClipper/status/1449159235229523970 |archive-date=2021-10-15 }}</ref> and reduces the incentive to throw away the card if the value goes negative when fare is calculated on exit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sf.streetsblog.org/2010/11/09/clipper-cards-dirty-little-secre-hint-it-can-go-negative/|title=Clipper Card's Dirty Little Secret (Hint: It Can "Go Negative")|date=9 November 2010}}</ref> The $3 fee is waived if the card is registered for Autoload at the time of purchase (in which case it cannot go negative).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/getTranslink.do|title=Get Clipper|work=Clipper}}</ref> There is no fee to transfer plastic Clipper cards to mobile wallets.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Apple Pay {{!}} Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/apple-pay|url-status=live|access-date=9 May 2021|work=Clipper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415185753/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/apple-pay |archive-date=2021-04-15 }}</ref><ref name=":38" /> The $3 fee for new virtual cards in mobile wallets was waived for the first six months following launch<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bay Area Clipper on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1395178997990916096|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Twitter|quote=We have waived the $3 fee for the next six months, after that we will charge $3 for virtual cards to help cover operational costs (same as plastic cards).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520055319/https://twitter.com/BayAreaClipper/status/1395178997990916096 |archive-date=2021-05-20 }}</ref> but came into effect on October 15, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bay Area Clipper on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1448400680805355527|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Twitter|quote=One day left to get Clipper on your phone for free! Clipper's $3 card fee is waived until Friday (10/15) for new cards on Apple Wallet or Google Pay.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013213314/https://twitter.com/BayAreaClipper/status/1448400680805355527 |archive-date=2021-10-13 }}</ref> The fee was temporarily waived again beginning in March 2022 due to supply chain issues reducing the availability of plastic cards.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2022/news20220328 |title=Clipper promotion offers free cards on your phone |date=March 28, 2022 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}</ref> As of 2024, there is still no fee for Clipper cards on phones.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/get.html |website=Clipper |title=Get Card |access-date=2 October 2024 |quote=get Clipper on your phone for free}}</ref>

===Adding money and transit passes===
[[File:Clipper card vending machine at Salesforce Transit Center.jpg|thumb|A Clipper card vending machine, used to buy new cards and load transit value and passes, at [[Salesforce Transit Center]].]]
Passengers can add money and transit passes to their Clipper cards in person ("at participating retailers, participating transit agencies' ticket vending machines and ticket offices, Clipper Customer Service Centers, and Clipper Add Value Machines") at work, automatically, online, or using the Clipper mobile app. While money and passes added in person are available to use immediately, doing the same by telephone, online, or using the mobile app may take 3–5 days to register on a physical Clipper card.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useWaysToAddValue.do|title=Use Clipper - Ways to Add Value|work=Clipper}}</ref><ref name=how>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caltrain.com/Fares/howtobuy/clipper.html|title=Clipper|website=caltrain.com|date=12 July 2023 }}</ref> Cash value and passes added online or via the mobile app to virtual Clipper cards in Google Pay or Apple Wallet are available for immediate use, except for BART High-Value Discount tickets; these are available by the following day.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":36">{{Cite web|title=Loading Value {{!}} Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/loading-value|url-status=live|access-date=14 May 2021|work=Clipper|quote=Your value will be available immediately if you add value to a card in Apple Wallet or Google Pay, whether you are adding the value through the Clipper app or in your wallet. The exception is BART HVD, which will be available the following day.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510194416/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/loading-value |archive-date=2021-05-10 }}</ref>

===Clipper START: reduced regional fares===

Since July 2020, the MTC has offered a pilot program called Clipper START that provides a regional reduced fare program with subsidized fares for low-income individuals in the Bay Area.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Low-income-Bay-Area-public-transit-riders-to-get-15682919.php|title=More fare discounts likely for low-income Bay Area transit riders: ‘There is so much hardship’|first=Mallory|last=Moench|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=2020-10-29|accessdate=2024-05-03}}</ref> The program originally included four agencies at a variety of discount levels, but as of 2024 currently provides a consistent 50% fare discount on 22 agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Clipper START|url=https://www.clipperstartcard.com/|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission|accessdate=2024-05-03}}</ref> The program is eligible to residents of the Bay Area who are 19-64 years old, do not have an RTC Clipper card, and who are at or below 200% of the federal poverty level. The users of the program are provided a customized, physical Clipper card that applies the fare discount automatically when used at fare readers. As a pilot program, the MTC has committed to run the discount through June 30, 2025.<ref name="2024feb-clipper-start">{{cite report|url=https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/meetings/attachments/5916/5a_Clipper_START_Summary_Sheet.pdf|title=Clipper START Pilot Program Update|date=2024-02-23|accessdate=2024-05-03|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission}}</ref> As of February 2024, the program had about 18,000 active users.<ref name="2024feb-clipper-start" />

===Transit services===
Clipper is currently accepted on 24 transit services, primarily those connecting locations within the nine-county Bay Area:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Where To Use|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/where-to-use.html|url-status=live|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Clipper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710083205/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/where-to-use.html |archive-date=2020-07-10 }}</ref>
{{div col |colwidth=15em}}
* [[AC Transit]]
* [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] (BART)
* [[Caltrain]]
* [[County Connection]]
*[[Dumbarton Express]]
* [[Fairfield and Suisun Transit|FAST]]
* [[Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District]]
**[[Golden Gate Transit]]
**[[Golden Gate Ferry]]
* [[Marin Transit]]
* [[Petaluma Transit]]
* [[SamTrans]]
* [[San Francisco Bay Ferry]]
* [[San Francisco Municipal Railway]] (Muni)
* [[Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority]] (VTA)
* [[Santa Rosa CityBus]]
* [[SolTrans]] (including [[SolanoExpress]])
* [[Sonoma County Transit]]
* [[Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit]] (SMART)
* [[Tri-Delta Transit]]
* [[Union City Transit]]
* [[Vacaville City Coach]]
* [[VINE (Napa County)|VINE]]
* [[WestCAT]]
* [[WHEELS (California)|Wheels]]
{{div col end}}
Some regional transit agencies which connect the Bay Area to more distant locations have not joined Clipper, including [[Altamont Corridor Express|ACE]] and [[Rio Vista Delta Breeze]]. Clipper also is not accepted on [[Amtrak California]]'s [[Capitol Corridor]] or [[San Joaquins]] trains, despite these serving the Bay Area.<ref name=":4" />

The fare rules for each participating transit service are set by the agency operating the service, not by Clipper. Each service has differing rules that approximate the fare collection rules used by that service prior to Clipper adoption, and are adapted to the needs of that service. For example, Golden Gate Transit uses a zone-based fare system, so it requires passengers to tag on when boarding and tag off when alighting;<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Clipper - Paying Your Fare {{!}} Golden Gate|url=https://www.goldengate.org/bus/bus-fares-payment/paying-your-fare/clipper/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=goldengate.org}}</ref> in contrast, San Francisco's Muni has a flat fare structure so it only requires that passengers tag on when boarding.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2017-05-02|title=Fares|url=https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/muni/fares|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-13|work=SFMTA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214010134/https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/muni/fares|archive-date=2017-12-14 }}</ref>

=== Other uses ===
Clipper cards are accepted by [[Bay Wheels]], the Bay Area's [[Bicycle-sharing system|bikeshare system]], as well as some electronic [[bicycle locker]]s operated by BikeLink. For each of these systems, the Clipper card is used not for payment but only as a key; users must have a credit or debit card linked to their Bay Wheels or BikeLink account, and usage fees are charged to this linked payment card, not deducted from the Clipper card's stored value.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Bay Wheels|website=Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/bay-wheels.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809142308/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/bay-wheels.html |archive-date=2020-08-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BikeLink|website=Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/bikelink.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809141534/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/bikelink.html |archive-date=2020-08-09 }}</ref> These systems are not compatible with mobile wallets such as Google Pay or Apple Pay; only physical Clipper cards may be used.<ref name=":3" />

Beginning in 2013, a few parking garages in the Bay Area accepted Clipper for payment as part of a pilot program. Funds used for parking were kept separate from those used for transit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2013-08-01|title=Clipper Cards Now Pay for Parking in Select SF Garages|url=https://www.baycrossings.com/clipper-cards-now-pay-for-parking-in-select-sf-garages/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-13|work=Bay Crossings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509063536/https://www.baycrossings.com/clipper-cards-now-pay-for-parking-in-select-sf-garages/ |archive-date=2021-05-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2013-07-01|title=Park with Clipper®|url=https://www.sfmta.com/notices/park-clipper%C2%AE|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-09|work=SFMTA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924125631/https://www.sfmta.com/notices/park-clipper%C2%AE |archive-date=2020-09-24 }}</ref> This program was discontinued effective September 1, 2017.

==Technology==
Clipper cards contain an [[NXP Semiconductors]] [[MIFARE#MIFARE DESFire Family|MIFARE DESFire (MF3ICD40)]] or [[MIFARE#MIFARE DESFire EV1|MIFARE DESFire EV1 (MF3ICD41)]] integrated circuit inside the card.<ref name=":37">{{Cite web|last=jeff|date=2011-06-10|title=What Does Your Clipper Card Say About You?|url=https://www.munidiaries.com/2011/06/10/what-does-your-clipper-card-say-about-you/|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Muni Diaries|language=en-US}}</ref> The card operates on the 13.56&nbsp;MHz range,<ref name=":37" /> putting it into the [[Near-field communication|Near-Field Communication]] category. Because the card uses NFC technology, any NFC-enabled device can read the serial number, travel history, and current balance on the card.<ref>{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Eric|title=FareBot: Read data from public transit cards with your NFC-equipped Android phone|url=http://codebutler.com/announcing-farebot-for-android|access-date=11 June 2012|date=7 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Clipper_cards_reveal_travelers__whereabouts_to_police__lawyers__apps-174313621.html|date=2012-10-16|access-date=2015-06-06|title=Clipper Cards Reveal Travelers' Whereabouts To Police, Lawyers, Apps}}</ref>

Because Clipper operates in multiple geographical areas with sporadic or non-existent internet access, the fare collection and verification technology needs to operate without any networking. To accomplish this, the Clipper card memory keeps track of balance on the card, fares paid, and trip history. This also means if funds are added to the Clipper account via the internet, funds will not show up on the Clipper card until it has been tagged at an internet-enabled (or recently synchronized) Clipper payment terminal.<ref name=":36" /> Buses and other vehicles without internet access will have to return to a service station in order to synchronize with Clipper's servers.<ref name=":36" /> During synchronization, the payment collection device will upload to the server data about any fares collected, and will download information about new funds and passes added online or over the phone. Riders who tag their card at a recently synchronized payment collection device will have their card updated to reflect their true account balance.<ref name=":36" />

The waiting period between synchronizations may cause some cards to report lower funds than are actually on the corresponding Clipper account.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loading Value {{!}} Clipper|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/loading-value|url-status=live|access-date=14 May 2021|work=Clipper|quote=If you purchase value for your plastic Clipper card online or by phone, it won’t be available immediately. When it is, you will have to pick it up by tagging your card to a card reader, which will load the value onto your plastic Clipper card. Here’s how long you’ll need to wait to pick it up:<br/>- If you place your order by midnight, you can usually pick it up in the next 1 to 2 days.<br />- If you are picking up your value on a bus or a Muni light-rail vehicle, allow up to 5 days.<br />- If you are setting up automatic reloading (Autoload) with a bank account, allow an additional 10 days for value to be available.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510194416/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/loading-value |archive-date=2021-05-10 }}</ref>

=== Mobile wallets ===
On April 15, 2021, the Clipper [[mobile app]] for [[iOS]] was released, and Clipper became available in [[Apple Wallet]], joining other transit cards such as [[Suica]], [[Pasmo]], and [[Transit Access Pass|TAP]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-14|title=Clipper® Launches on iPhone and Apple Watch, Debuts New Mobile App|url=https://mtc.ca.gov/whats-happening/news/clipperr-launches-iphone-and-apple-watch-debuts-new-mobile-app|access-date=2021-05-09|website=Metropolitan Transportation Commission|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Supported devices include [[iPhone 8]] or later and [[Apple Watch Series 3]] or later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Pay - Bay Area Transit|url=https://transit.applepay.apple/san-francisco|access-date=2021-05-09|work=Apple|archive-date=2021-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513160036/https://transit.applepay.apple/san-francisco|url-status=dead}}</ref> Customers can create new virtual Clipper cards or transfer their existing plastic Clipper cards to Apple Wallet by using their iPhone's built-in NFC reader.<ref name=":0" />

On May 19, 2021, the Clipper mobile app was released for [[Android (operating system)|Android]], and Clipper became available in Google Pay.<ref name=":39" /> Phones must have an NFC chip and be running [[Android Lollipop|Android 5.0 (Lollipop)]] or later to be used for mobile payment.<ref name=":38" />

Physical Clipper cards transferred to mobile wallets can no longer be reloaded or used to pay for fares, but will continue to work as keys to unlock [[Bay Wheels]] bikes and BikeLink [[Bicycle locker|bike lockers]] (see "{{Section link|Clipper card|Other uses|nopage=yes}}" above).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Help|url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/help.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-09|work=Clipper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710083133/https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/help.html |archive-date=2020-07-10 }}</ref> TransLink cards cannot be directly transferred to mobile wallets, as they cannot be read by the NFC reader inside a mobile phone.<ref name=":0" /> Clipper cards with a [[San Francisco State University]] Gator Pass or VTA SmartPass also cannot be transferred to mobile wallets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bay Area Clipper on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/bayareaclipper/status/1400135212034572289|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-04|website=Twitter|quote=You can transfer an adult, Senior, Youth or RTC card to your phone. You cannot transfer a blocked card, a TransLink card, or a card with a Gator Pass or VTA SmartPass to your phone at this time. RTC cardholders and bike share users should keep their cards!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602170211/https://twitter.com/BayAreaClipper/status/1400135212034572289 |archive-date=2021-06-02 }}</ref>

===Clipper 2.0===

The MTC is in the process of upgrading the back-end and fare reader technology of the Clipper system under the Clipper 2.0 project. It is projected to add features to the Clipper system such as support for paying fare with credit cards that support [[contactless payment]], and adding the ability for families to manage multiple cards under a single account.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/clipper-card-bart-muni-18353828.php|title=Soon, you won’t need a Clipper card to ride BART or Muni. Here’s how it will work|first=Ricardo|last=Cano|date=2023-09-11|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.futureofclipper.com/|title=The Future of Clipper|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref> Additionally, the new system will allow transit operators to offer new kinds of fare structures that could benefit riders such as special fare discounts or [[fare capping]]. Specifically, the MTC plans to deploy a regional reduced cost or free transfer policy that would allow riders to transfer from a service on one transit agency to another without paying the full fare on both legs of the journey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seamlessbayarea.org/blog/2023/12/7/clipper-20-rollout-expected-for-late-2024-with-creditdebit-card-payment-and-free-transfers|title=Clipper 2.0 rollout expected for late 2024 with credit/debit card payment and free transfers |date=2023-12-07|accessdate=2024-05-04|publisher=Seamless Bay Area|first=Mark|last=Kaleo}}</ref>

== Variants ==

=== Sports ===
Transit cards co-branded with the [[Golden State Warriors]] and [[San Jose Sharks]] have been produced.<ref name=AC72-card/>

=== Golden Gate Bridge 75th Anniversary ===
[[File:SB50 and GGB Clipper Cards.jpg|thumb|right|[[Super Bowl 50]] (left) and [[Golden Gate Bridge]] (right) commemorative Clipper cards]]
For the 75th anniversary of the completion of the [[Golden Gate Bridge]], a limited-edition Clipper card was released in 2012, featuring an illustration of one tower.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/news/clipperr-card-announces-golden-gate-collectible-card |title=Clipper® Card Announces Golden Gate Collectible Card |date=August 23, 2012 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref>

=== America's Cup ===
During the [[America's Cup]] defense held in summer 2013, a limited-edition Clipper card was released featuring an [[AC72]] wingsail catamaran.<ref name=AC72-card>{{cite press release |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/news/clipper-card-announces-americas-cup-commemorative-card |title=Clipper Card Announces America's Cup Commemorative Card |date=September 4, 2013 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref>

=== Bay Bridge New East Span ===
After the [[eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge]] was completed and opened in November 2013, a limited-edition Clipper card was released featuring an illustration of the new self-anchored "signature" span.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/news/iconic-east-span-adorns-new-clipper-card |title=Iconic East Span Adorns New Clipper Card |date=November 26, 2013 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref>

=== Super Bowl 50 ===
With [[Super Bowl 50]] being held at [[Levi's Stadium]] in February 2016, Bay Area transit agencies offered for sale three different designs of clipper cards to commemorate the event, all featuring footballs and the Super Bowl 50 logo. These cards were sold at the [[San Francisco Ferry Building]] as well as the nearby [[Embarcadero station]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-29 |title=Super Bowl Clipper card offered for Bay Area transit |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/12/29/super-bowl-clipper-card-offered-for-bay-area-transit/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |work=The Mercury News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Collectible Clipper Cards Issued In Honor Of Super Bowl 50 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/clipper-cards-super-bowl/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=January 2016}}</ref>

=== 50th anniversary of BART ===
[[File:BART 50th Anniversary clipper.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|BART's 50th anniversary Clipper card]]
In 2023, BART launched a 50th Anniversary commemorative Clipper card, available for purchase at [[Lake Merritt station]] through a customer service booth or vending machines. The card features a 1970s black and white sketch of the [[Transbay Tube]] carrying two BART trains under the [[San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge|Bay Bridge]] with the city of San Francisco in the background. BART has limited customers to purchasing three at a time from a vending machine and five at a time from the customer service booth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase a special BART 50th anniversary Clipper card at Lake Merritt Station|url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2023/news20230316 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=bart.gov}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
*[[List of smart cards]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Clipper card|Clipper card|travel information}}
*{{Official website}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090806101356/http://www.mtc.ca.gov/meetings/archive/ MTC TransLink Management Group Meeting Agendas and Materials]

{{San Francisco Bay Area Public Transit}}
{{American smartcards}}

[[Category:Contactless smart cards]]
[[Category:Fare collection systems in the United States]]
[[Category:Public transportation in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Public transportation in San Mateo County, California]]
[[Category:Public transportation in Santa Clara County, California]]
[[Category:Public transportation in Alameda County, California]]
[[Category:Public transportation in Contra Costa County, California]]
[[Category:Public transportation in Marin County, California]]
[[Category:Public transportation in Sonoma County, California]]
[[Category:Transportation in Oakland, California]]