View source for Climate of the Philippines

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{More footnotes|date=June 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=October 2022}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_PHL_1991–2020.svg|thumb|300px]][[File:Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010).jpg|thumb|Climate map of the Philippines based on the Modified Coronas' Climate Classification, based on the type of rainfall distribution during the 1951-2021 period.]]

[[File:Thunderstorms-Philippines.jpg|thumb|Evening thunderstorms bringing rain over the Philippines is common from March to September.]]
The [[Philippines]] has five types of [[climate]]s: [[tropical rainforest climate|tropical rainforest]], [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]], [[tropical savanna climate|tropical savanna]], [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] and [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] (the latter two are found in higher-altitude areas). The country overall is characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall. There are two [[seasons]] in the country: the wet season and the dry season, based upon the amount of rainfall.<ref name="Seasons" /> This is also dependent on location in the country as some areas experience rain all throughout the year (see {{slink||Climate types}}). The warm months of the year are March through October; the winter [[East Asian Monsoon|monsoon]] brings cooler air from November to February. May is the warmest month, and January, the coolest.{{sfn|Coronas|1920}}

Weather in the Philippines is monitored by the [[PAGASA]] (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration).

== Rainfall ==
[[Monsoon]]s are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature of the ocean. Most summer monsoons or southwest monsoons ({{langx|fil|Habagat}}) have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons or northeast monsoons ({{langx|fil|Amihan}}), by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause drought.
[[File:A classic summer thunderstorm in Silang, Cavite.jpg|thumb|A classic summer [[thunderstorm]] in [[Silang, Cavite]]]]

The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October. Annual average rainfall ranges from as much as {{convert|5000|mm|in|0|sp=us}} in the mountainous east coast section of the country, to less than {{convert|1000|mm|in|0|sp=us}} in some of the sheltered valleys. Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high winds and waves.
   
At least 30&nbsp;percent of the annual rainfall in the northern Philippines can be traced to tropical cyclones, while the southern islands receiving less than 10&nbsp;percent of their annual rainfall from tropical cyclones. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the archipelago was the July 1911 cyclone, when the total precipitation for Baguio was distributed over the four days as: 14th&nbsp;–&nbsp;{{convert|879.8|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}, 15th&nbsp;–&nbsp;{{convert|733.6|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}, 16th&nbsp;–&nbsp;{{convert|424.9|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}, 17th&nbsp;–&nbsp;{{convert|200.4|mm|in|abbr=on|1}};{{sfn|Coronas|1920|p=110}}<ref name="bag">Glossary of Meteorology. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=b&p=4 Baguio.] Retrieved on June 11, 2008.</ref> followed by extraordinary drought from October 1911 to May 1912, so that the annual amount of those two years were hardly noticeable.

== Typhoons ==
{{Main|Typhoons in the Philippines}}
{{Philippine Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale}}
The Philippine archipelago sits across the [[typhoon belt]], where dangerous storms occur from July through October. Climate change exacerbates the situation with typhoons in the Philippines.<ref>Overland, Indra et al. (2017) ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320622312 Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier]'', Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of International and Strategic Studies (MISIS).</ref> ''Bagyo'' is the Filipino term for any [[tropical cyclone]] in the Philippine Islands.<ref name="bag"/>  From the statistics gathered by PAGASA from 1948 to 2004, around 28 storms and/or typhoons per year enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) – the designated area assigned to PAGASA to monitor during weather disturbances. Of those that made landfall or crossed the Philippines, the average was nine per year. In 1993, a record nineteen typhoons made landfall in the country, making it the most in one year. The fewest per year were four during the years 1955, 1958, 1992, and 1997.<ref name="Typhoon">Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. "[http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm Tropical Cyclone Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm|date=May 25, 2013}}". Retrieved on June 26, 2010.</ref>

PAGASA categorizes typhoons into five types according to wind speed. Once a tropical cyclone enters the PAR, regardless of strength, it is given a [[Lists of tropical cyclone names#Philippines|local name]] for identification purposes by the media, government, and the general public.<ref name="AOML FAQ B2">{{cite web |author=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]], [[Hurricane]] Research Division |title=Frequently Asked Questions: What are the upcoming tropical cyclone names? |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B2.html |access-date=December 11, 2006 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref>

=== Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals (TCWS) ===
{{Further|Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals}}{{Philippine Tropical Cyclone Signals}}

The Philippines has experienced a number of extremely damaging tropical cyclones, particularly typhoons with sustained winds of more than {{convert|185|km/h|mph kn m/s|abbr=on}}. For a long time, the Philippines used a four-level warning system to alert citizens of incoming tropical cyclones that would make landfall in the country, but the extensive damage and loss of life caused by [[Typhoon Haiyan]] (Yolanda) in 2013 made it inadequate. Because of this, the warning system was increased to five levels, and a ''Super Typhoon'' (STY) category was adopted in 2015. Initially, ''super typhoons'' were defined as typhoons with maximum sustained winds of more than {{convert|220|km/h|mph kn m/s|abbr=on}}, but the threshold was lowered to those of more than {{convert|185|km/h|mph kn m/s|abbr=on}} after PAGASA revised its system of wind signals in 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/03/23/22/pagasa-redefines-super-typhoon-tweaks-wind-signals | title=PAGASA redefines 'super typhoon', revises wind signals | publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]] | date=March 23, 2022 | access-date=March 25, 2022}}</ref>

=== Notable typhoons to hit the Philippines ===
This list only includes super typhoons that made landfall in the country at powerful wind speeds and intensities, and wrought extensive damage at the same time. Several weaker storms have made landfall in the country, although they produced extensive damage and high losses of life, such as tropical storms [[Typhoon Ketsana|Ondoy]] and [[Tropical Storm Washi|Sendong]], both of which accumulated over 400 deaths.

==== Typhoon Angela (Rosing, 1995) ====
{{Further|Typhoon Angela}}
In November 1995, [[Typhoon Angela]], a catastrophic Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, known locally as Rosing, made landfall in the province of [[Catanduanes]] and skirted throughout the island of [[Luzon]]. [[Bicol Region]] and [[Metro Manila]] were the hardest hit areas, and signal #4 was even raised in the latter, a feat that would not happen in the area for 25 years. One-minute sustained winds reached speeds of {{convert|290|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Rosing took 936 lives and caused over 10 billion pesos in damage. It was considered the most powerful typhoon to ever hit Metro Manila in terms of wind speeds.

==== Typhoon Bopha (Pablo, 2012) ====
{{Further|Typhoon Bopha}}
The most powerful typhoon to ever strike the island of [[Mindanao]], typhoon Bopha, locally known as Pablo, made landfall in eastern Mindanao as a powerful category 5-equivalent super typhoon, with one-minute measured sustained winds reaching speeds of {{convert|280|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. [[Davao Region]] was one of the worst hit areas, particularly [[Davao Oriental]], where the typhoon made its first land interaction. Over 42 billion pesos (US$1.04 billion) was recorded over time, making it the costliest storm to impact Mindanao, as well as the whole country, at that time. At least 1,067 people died and 834 people were reported missing. Most of the damage was caused by storm surges and winds.

==== Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda, 2013) ====
{{Further|Typhoon Haiyan}}
One of the most powerful storms to make landfall anywhere in the world in terms of wind speeds, [[Typhoon Haiyan]], locally known as Yolanda, made landfall in several areas across the country in November of 2013 as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. The islands of [[Leyte]] and [[Samar]] were the hardest hit by the typhoon, especially the city of [[Tacloban]], where the storm's eyewall passed through. More than 6,300 people died from its storm surges and powerful winds, with damages up to 90 billion pesos, making it the deadliest and most destructive typhoon to hit the country on record. In addition, over 1,000 went missing, and nearly 20,000 were injured. One-minute sustained winds reached up to {{convert|315|km/h|mph kn m/s|abbr=on}}, cementing Yolanda (Haiyan) as the strongest storm in history in terms of ''reliably measured'' wind speeds, until it was surpassed by [[Hurricane Patricia]] of the eastern Pacific region in 2015.

==== Typhoon Goni (Rolly, 2020) ====
{{Further|Typhoon Goni}}
The most powerful tropical cyclone to make landfall anywhere in the world in terms of one-minute measured wind speeds, Typhoon Goni, locally known as Rolly, made landfall in Catanduanes as a powerful Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, and was one of the series of storms that made landfall in the Philippines between October and November 2020. At landfall, one-minute measured wind speeds were at {{convert|315|km/h|mph kn m/s|abbr=on}}. Bicol Region was the worst hit by the typhoon, and signal #4 was once again raised in Metro Manila, the first time since the above-mentioned Angela (Rosing). Evacuation processes were also complicated due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines|COVID-19 pandemic]], as health and safety protocols were implemented at the time of impact to prevent the spread of the virus. Damages from the storm reached over 20 billion pesos (US$369 million).

== Climate types {{anchor|Coronas Climate Types}} ==
{| style="text-align:right;float:right;padding-right:0;"
|-
! Four kinds of tropical sunshine (°C)
|-
| style="font-size:110%;transform: translate(1.3em,0);"  | {{Graph:Chart
| width = 290
| height = 280
| xAxisTitle = Month
| x = Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
| colors = red, blue, yellow, green
| yGrid = | xAxisAngle = -40
| yAxisTitle = Temperature
| y1 = 25.7, 26.1, 27.5, 28.8, 29.3, 28.3, 27.5, 27.3, 27.2, 27.3, 26.8, 25.9
| y2 = 25.8, 25.8, 26.4, 27.1, 27.7, 27.9, 27.8, 27.9, 28.0, 27.4, 26.7, 26.3
| y3 = 26.3, 26.5, 27.1, 28.1, 28.6, 28.2, 27.9, 27.9, 27.7, 27.5, 27.4, 26.9
| y4 = 26.8, 27.0, 27.4, 27.9, 27.5, 26.9, 26.5, 26.5, 26.8, 27.1, 27.1, 26.9
}}
|-
! Four kinds of tropical rain (mm)
|-
| style="font-size:85%;transform: translate(1.5em,0);" | {{Graph:Chart | type=rect
| width = 290
| height = 280
| yAxisTitle = Rainfall
| y1 = 17, 8, 13, 26, 125, 273, 407, 441, 346, 193, 135, 63
| y2 = 565, 394, 308, 262, 315, 221, 218, 201, 194, 290, 508, 633
| y3 = 103, 79, 59, 65, 115, 176, 192, 164, 174, 193, 166, 121
| y4 = 68, 69, 47, 57, 108, 118, 110, 93, 84, 113, 98, 87
| colors = red, blue, yellow, green
| xAxisTitle = Month
| x = Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
| yGrid = | xAxisAngle = -40
}}
|}
There are four recognized climate types in the Philippines, and they are based on the distribution of rainfall ''(See the Philippine Climate Map at the top)''.{{efn|This classification was first established by {{harvnb|Coronas|1920|pages=68–72}} and then slightly modified by PAGASA ({{harvnb|Flores|Balagot|1969}}; {{harvnb|Kintanar|1984}}).}}  They are described as follows:<ref name=Seasons />
{|
|
*{{hsp}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{nowrap|'''Type I'''}}
| style="text-align:left;" |  Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
|- 
|
*{{hsp}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{nowrap|'''Type II'''}}
| style="text-align:left;" | No dry season with a pronounced rainfall from November to January.
|-
|
*{{hsp}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{nowrap|'''Type III'''}}
| style="text-align:left;" |  Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year.
|-
|
*{{hsp}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{nowrap|'''Type IV'''}}
| style="text-align:left;" |  Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.
|}

{| style="font-size:95%;text-align:right;"
| 
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:red;color:white;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;" colspan="15"  | Climate: Type I
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" | [[Manila]]
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" |
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jan
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Feb
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Mar
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Apr
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | May
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jun
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jul
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Aug
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Sep
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Oct
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Nov
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Dec
! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" | Year
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average high
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|29.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|33.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|33.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|29.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(29.8+30.6+32.3+33.7+33.8+32.1+31.0+30.5+30.6+30.9+30.5+29.7)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average mean
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|25.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|28.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|29.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|28.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|25.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(25.7+26.1+27.5+28.8+29.3+28.3+27.5+27.3+27.2+27.3+26.8+25.9)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average low
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|21.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|21.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(21.6+21.6+22.7+24.0+24.9+24.6+24.1+24.1+23.9+23.7+23.1+22.2)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average rainfall
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | mm<br />in
| {{convert| 17|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|  8|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 13|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 26|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|125|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|273|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|407|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|441|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|346|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|193|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|135|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 63|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|17+8+13+26+125+273+407+441+346+193+135+63|0}}|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;" colspan="15" | climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/1952/ |title=Climatological Information for Manila |publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016
|}
|- 
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:blue;color:white;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;" colspan="15"  | Climate: Type II
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" | [[Borongan, Eastern Samar]]
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" |
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jan
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Feb
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Mar
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Apr
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | May
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jun
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jul
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Aug
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Sep
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Oct
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Nov
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Dec
! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" | Year
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average high
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|29.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|29.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|29.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(29.1+29.3+30.1+31.1+31.8+32.1+32.0+32.2+32.3+31.5+30.5+29.7)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average mean
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|25.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|25.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|28.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|( 25.8+25.8+26.4+27.1+27.7+27.9+27.8+27.9+28.0+27.4+26.7+26.3)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average low
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|22.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(22.5+22.4+22.7+23.2+23.7+23.7+23.6+23.7+23.7+23.3+23.0+22.9)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average rainfall
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | mm<br />in
| {{convert|565|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|394|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|308|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|262|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|315|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|221|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|218|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|201|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|194|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|290|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|508|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|633|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|565+394+308+262+315+221+218+201+194+290+508+633|0}}|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" | climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/20831/ |title=Climatological Information for Borongan, Eastern Samar |publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:yellow;color:black;" colspan="15" | Climate: Type III
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" | [[Cebu City]]
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" |
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jan
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Feb
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Mar
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Apr
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | May
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jun
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jul
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Aug
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Sep
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Oct
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Nov
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Dec
! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" | Year
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average high
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|30.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|33.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|30.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(30.2+30.4+31.4+32.5+33.0+32.3+31.9+31.9+31.7+31.5+31.3+30.7)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average mean
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|26.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|28.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|28.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|28.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(26.3+26.5+27.1+28.1+28.6+28.2+27.9+27.9+27.7+27.5+27.4+26.9)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average low
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|22.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|24.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.6|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|23.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(22.5+22.6+22.8+23.7+24.3+24.1+23.9+24.0+23.7+23.6+23.5+23.1)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average rainfall
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | mm<br />in
| {{convert|103|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 79|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 59|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 65|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|115|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|176|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|192|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|164|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|174|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|193|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|166|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|121|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|103+79+59+65+115+176+192+164+174+193+166+121|0}}|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" | climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3183/ |title=Climatological Information for Cebu City |publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:green;color:white;" colspan="15" | Climate: Type IV
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" | [[General Santos]]
|-
! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" |
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jan
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Feb
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Mar
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Apr
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | May
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jun
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Jul
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Aug
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Sep
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Oct
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Nov
! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" | Dec
! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" | Year
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average high
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|32.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|33.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|33.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|31.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|32.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(32.2+32.5+33.1+33.4+32.3+31.4+31.0+31.1+31.5+31.9+32.2+32.1)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;"
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average mean
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|26.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|27.1|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|26.9|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(26.8+27.0+27.4+27.9+27.5+26.9+26.5+26.5+26.8+27.1+27.1+26.9)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" | Average low
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" | °C<br />°F
| {{convert|21.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|21.5|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|21.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.7|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.4|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.2|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.3|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|22.0|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|21.8|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|(21.4+21.5+21.7+22.4+22.7+22.4+22.0+22.0+22.2+22.3+22.0+21.8)/12|1}}|C|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
|- style="line-height:1.2em;" 
| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" | Average rainfall
| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" | mm<br />in
| {{convert| 68|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 69|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 47|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 57|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|108|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|118|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|110|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 93|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 84|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert|113|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 98|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| {{convert| 87|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|1}}
| style="border-left-width:medium;" | {{convert|{{rnd|68+69+47+57+108+118+110+93+84+113+98+87|0}}|mm|abbr=values|disp=br|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" | climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/997978/ |title=Climatological Information for General Santos |publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016
|}
|}

== Temperature ==
The average year-round temperature measured from all the weather stations in the Philippines, except [[Baguio]], is {{convert|26.6|C|1}}. Cooler days are usually felt in the month of January with temperature averaging at {{convert|25.5|C|1}} and the warmest days, in the month of May with a mean of {{convert|28.3|C|1}}.<ref name=Seasons /> Elevation factors significantly in the variation of temperature in the Philippines. In Baguio, with an elevation of {{convert|1,500| m|ft|abbr=on|-2}} above sea level, the mean average is {{convert|18.3|°C}} or cooler by about {{convert|4.3|C-change|0}}. In 1915, a one-year study was conducted by William H. Brown of the Philippine Journal of Science on top of [[Mount Banahaw]] at {{convert|2,100| m|abbr=on|-2}} elevation. The mean temperature measured was {{convert|18.6|°C}}, a difference of {{convert|10| C-change|0}} from the lowland mean temperature.{{sfn|Coronas|1920|p=53}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Philippines Monthly Average Temperature Trend From 1991 to 2020 (°C) <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal|url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018023621/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/philippines/climate-data-historical|archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-11-22|website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org|language=en}}</ref>
!Category
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
|-
|Min
|20.67
|20.57
|21.09
|21.98
|22.55
|22.35
|22.03
|22.07
|21.97
|21.76
|21.64
|21.31
|-
|Mean
|24.72
|24.88
|25.71
|26.68
|27.02
|26.47
|25.94
|25.92
|25.9
|25.83
|25.65
|25.21
|-
|Max
|28.82
|29.24
|30.38
|31.42
|31.54
|30.65
|29.9
|29.82
|29.87
|29.96
|29.72
|29.16
|-
|Precipitation (mm)
|136.93
|96.05
|92.56
|97.66
|188.95
|248.37
|291.02
|310.68
|281.05
|280.74
|230.51
|206.84
|}

== Humidity ==
Relative humidity is high in the Philippines. A high amount of moisture in the air makes hot temperatures feel hotter. This quantity of moisture is due to different factors, including [[evaporation]] from the seas that surround the country on all sides, the different [[prevailing winds]] in the different seasons of the year, and abundant tropical rain. The first may be considered a general cause of the great humidity, which is generally observed in all the islands throughout the year. The last two may influence the different degrees of humidity for the different months of the year and for the different regions of the archipelago.{{sfn|Coronas|1920|p=125}}

== Seasons ==
The climate of the country is divided into two main seasons: 
# the rainy season, from June to the early part of October; associated with the Southwest Monsoon (Hanging Habagat). In 2025, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) officially declared the start of the rainy season on June 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ong |first=Ghio |title=PAGASA declares onset of rainy season |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/06/03/2447797/pagasa-declares-onset-rainy-season |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>
# the dry season, from the later part of October to May. The dry season may be subdivided further into (a) the cool dry season, from the later part of October to the early half of March, associated with the Northeast Monsoon (Hanging Amihan) and (b) the hot dry season, from the later part of March to May.<ref name=Seasons /> The months of April and May, the hot and dry months when schools are on their long breaks between academic years, are commonly called "summer" (after the [[summer]] season which lasts from June to August in more temperate countries, which is also the country’s Southwest Monsoon period).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/weather/pagasa-statement-philippines-hot-dry-season-summer-begins-march-26-2021|title='Summer' is here: Philippines' hot dry season begins|publisher=[[Rappler]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; font-size=92%;"
|-
! style="width:4em;"  | Months
! style="width:14em;" | November–February
! style="width:14em;" | March–May
! style="width:14em;" | June–August
! style="width:14em;" | September–October
|-
! Rainfall
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellow" | <div style="text-align: center;">'''Dry'''</div>
| colspan="2" bgcolor="green" | <div style="text-align: center;"> '''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Wet</span>'''</div>
|-
! Temperature
| colspan="1" bgcolor="blue" | <div style="text-align: center;">'''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Cool</span>''' </div>
| colspan="3" bgcolor="red" | <div style="text-align: center;">'''Hot'''</div>
|-
!Season
| colspan="1" bgcolor="orange" | <div style="text-align: center;">'''Cool Dry'''</div>
| colspan="1" bgcolor="red" | <div style="text-align: center;"> '''Hot Dry'''</div>
| colspan="2" bgcolor="blue" | <div style="text-align: center;"> '''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Rainy</span>'''</div>
|}

== Climate change ==
{{Excerpt|Climate change in the Philippines}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=Seasons>{{cite web |url=https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines |title=Climate of the Philippines |work=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration |access-date=November 26, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114718/https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines |archive-date=November 15, 2015 }}</ref>

}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite book
| last1      = Coronas
| first1     = José
| title      = The Climate and Weather of the Philippines, 1903 – 1918 
| publisher  = Bureau of Philippines
| location   = Manila Observatory
| date       = 1920
| url        = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/agh9000.0001.001
}}

* {{cite book
| series     = World Survey of Climatology
| volume     = 8: Climates of Northern and Eastern Asia
| title      = Ch. 3: Climate of the Philippines
| last1      = Flores
| first1     = J. F.
| last2      = Balagot
| first2     = V. F.
| date       = 1969
| isbn       = 978-0444407047
| publisher  = Elsevier
| editor1-first = Hidetoshi
| editor1-last  = Arakawa
}}

* {{cite book
| title      = Climate of the Philippines
| first1     = R. L.
| last1      = Kintanar
| author1-link = Roman Kintanar
| publisher  = PAGASA
| date       = 1984
}}

{{refend}}{{Philippines topics}}{{Asia topic|prefix=Climate of}}
[[Category:Climate of the Philippines| ]]
[[Category:Geography of the Philippines]]