View source for Cleveland railway line

{{Short description|Suburban railway line in Brisbane, Australia}}
{{For|the American railroad line|Cleveland Line (Norfolk Southern)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox rail line
 |box_width = 22em
 |name = Cleveland line
 |color = 00467F
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 |image = Cleveland-railway-line-map.png
 |image_width = 300
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 |linelength = {{convert|NNNN|km|abbr=on}}
 |tracklength = {{convert|37.3|km|abbr=on}}
 |tracks = Triple to Lindum, double to Manly, single track with passing loops to Cleveland.
 |gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
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 |electrification = 1982–1988
 |speed = {{convert|NNNN|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
 |website = [http://www.queenslandrail.com.au/ queenslandrail.com.au]
}}

The '''Cleveland railway line''' is a [[suburb]]an [[rail transport|railway line]] extending {{convert|37.3|km|mi}} east-southeast from [[Brisbane central business district|Brisbane]], the state capital of [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. It is part of the [[Queensland Rail Citytrain network]].

==History==
[[File:Cleveland Central railway station 1890.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The [[Cleveland Central railway station|original Cleveland station]] in 1890]]
[[File:Queensland State Archives 2557 150hp Winton rail motor for Manly Cleveland line Cleveland Redland December 1930.png|thumb|150hp Winton rail motor for Manly – Cleveland service, Cleveland station 1930]]
{{further|Rail transport in Queensland}}
[[File:Cleveland Railway Station, Queensland, June 2012.JPG|thumb|300px|right|[[Cleveland railway station]]]]
Following the opening of the [[Wooloongabba Branch railway line]] from [[Corinda]] to [[Stanley Street, Brisbane|Stanley Street]] in [[South Brisbane]] in 1884, calls were made for extending the line to Cleveland to serve the developing farming area. A line was surveyed, and took an indirect route to avoid hilly country and to serve [[Fort Lytton National Park|Fort Lytton]], a gun emplacement at the south entrance to the Brisbane River, then the major defence installation for the city.<ref>Armstrong, J. & Kerr, J. 'Destination South Brisbane' ARHS 1978</ref>

The line was opened to [[Manly, Queensland|Manly]] in 1888 and extended to the [[Cleveland Central railway station|first Cleveland station]] in 1889. An extension to the [[Cleveland railway station (2nd)|second Cleveland station]] opened in 1897, at which time the first Cleveland station was renamed West Cleveland (later [[Cleveland Central railway station|Cleveland Central]]).<ref name="kerr1990">{{cite book |last=Kerr |first=John |title=Triumph of narrow gauge : a history of Queensland Railways |date=1990 |publisher=Boolarong Publications |isbn=978-0-86439-102-5 |pages=224–225}}</ref>

The initial constricted terminus at Stanley St was replaced by a dual track line to South Brisbane in 1891, and the Cleveland line connection to it was realigned to junction at [[Park Road railway station]] at that time.

An extension of the Cleveland railway line to [[Redland Bay, Queensland|Redland Bay]] and [[Mount Cotton, Queensland|Mount Cotton]] was surveyed in 1889.<ref>Plans and sections of various Queensland Railway Lines. (AA21 – YB24). Cleveland to Redland Bay and Mt. Cotton. RB 21 SHEET 2. 1889. Series 4611, Item 805633. Queensland State Archives.</ref> The extension to Redland Bay was recommended by the Royal Commission into Public Works in 1922,<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 1922|title=REDLAND RAILWAY|page=6|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=20,184|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20574549|via=National Library of Australia|accessdate=12 January 2022}}</ref> but was never built.

Duplication on the line from [[Park Road railway station|Park Road]] began construction in 1910.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 July 1910|title=MANLY RAILWAY.|page=2|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Brisbane)]]|issue=11,741|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article186264004|access-date=18 September 2020|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The duplication was opened progressively, with the [[Park Road railway station|Park Road]] to [[Murarrie railway station|Murarrie]] section opening on 17 June 1912.<ref>{{Cite news | page = 4 | title = The Cleveland Railway. | work = [[The Brisbane Courier]]  | access-date = 18 October 2011 | date = 18 June 1912 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19748608 }}</ref> Duplication from [[Hemmant railway station|Hemmant]] to [[Manly railway station|Manly]] opened on 8 December 1912.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 December 1912|title=Cleveland Line Duplication.|page=6|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=17,132|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19856156|access-date=18 September 2020|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The remaining section between [[Hemmant railway station|Hemmant]] and [[Murarrie railway station|Murarrie]] was completed in 1913.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 May 1913|title=Wynnum Railway Duplicator|page=6|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=17,269|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19866514|access-date=18 September 2020|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=12 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112081717/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19866514|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=25 June 1913|title=RAILWAY DUPLICATIONS.|page=2|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Brisbane)]]|issue=12,667|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article176344074|access-date=18 September 2020|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

In 1960, the line from [[Lota railway station, Brisbane|Lota]] to [[Cleveland railway station (2nd)|Cleveland]] was closed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ludlow |first=Peter |title=Moreton Bay Database |date=26 March 2007 |url=http://www.users.bigpond.net.au/pludlow/Database.htm |access-date=14 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916084332/http://www.users.bigpond.net.au/pludlow/Database.htm |archive-date=16 September 2009 }}</ref> The Redland Shire Council opposed the closure, and preserved the corridor.

The line beyond [[Lota railway station|Lota]] was rebuilt to contemporary standards ({{Cvt|50|kg/m|4=0}} rail, maximum 1 in 50 (2%) grades and minimum {{Cvt|430|m}} radius curves) and reopened on the original alignment to [[Thorneside railway station|Thorneside]] in 1982.  Following this, the entire line was electrified in 1983.  Despite this, diesel locomotives hauling SX sets continued be used on some services due to an insufficient number of EMUs in service.

The line was extended to the [[Cleveland railway station|third Cleveland station]] (formerly Raby Bay) in 1987,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kerr |first=Judith |date=2012-05-20 |title=Upgrade to start on Cleveland station |url=https://www.redlandcitybulletin.com.au/story/105590/upgrade-to-start-on-cleveland-station/ |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=Redland City Bulletin |language=en-AU |archive-date=4 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804001913/http://www.redlandcitybulletin.com.au/story/105590/upgrade-to-start-on-cleveland-station/ |url-status=live }}</ref> reputedly to facilitate potential extension of the line to Redland Bay in the future, being electrified upon opening. The travel time of 46 minutes compares to the steam-era time of 82–86 minutes.  Since there are no turning facilities at Cleveland, diesel-hauled services continued to terminate at Thorneside until the SX sets were withdrawn.

A third line was laid between Park Road and [[Lindum railway station]] in the 1990s as part of the [[Fisherman Islands railway line|Fisherman Islands line]] to provide a dedicated freight track to the [[Port of Brisbane]], being [[dual gauge]] to connect to the Acacia Ridge freight Terminal and the Australian standard gauge rail network.

==Line guide and services==
Most services stop at all stations to [[Bowen Hills railway station]]. Service originate from Cleveland, or in the interpeak, Cannon Hill. The typical travel time between Cleveland and Brisbane City is approximately 56 minutes (to [[Central railway station, Brisbane|Central]]). During weekday peak times, a few services run express between Morningside and [[Manly railway station|Manly]] stations, for faster travel times for commuters working in the [[Brisbane central business district]]. Prior to 2014, an afternoon service on school days only operated express between Cleveland and [[Buranda railway station|Buranda]] stations, stopping only at [[Thorneside railway station|Thorneside]], [[Manly railway station|Manly]] and Lota.

Cleveland line services typically continue as [[Shorncliffe railway line|Shorncliffe line]] services.

Passengers for/from the [[Beenleigh railway line|Beenleigh]] and [[Gold Coast railway line|Gold Coast]] lines can change at [[Park Road railway station|Park Road]]; [[Ipswich railway line|Ipswich]], [[Springfield railway line|Springfield]] and [[Rosewood railway line|Rosewood]] lines at [[Roma Street railway station|Roma Street]]; and [[Airport railway line, Brisbane|Airport]], [[Doomben-Pinkenba railway line|Doomben]] and Northern lines (see list below) at Central.
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==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.queenslandrail.com.au Queensland Rail]
*[https://translink.com.au Translink]
*{{Queensland Timetables|Train Network}}

{{Public transport in Queensland}}
{{Railway lines in Queensland}}

[[Category:Brisbane railway lines]]
[[Category:Public transport in Brisbane]]
[[Category:3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Australia]]