View source for Cláudio Hummes

{{Short description|Brazilian Catholic prelate (1934–2022)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Cláudio Hummes
| honorific-suffix = OFM
| title = [[Congregation for the Clergy|Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
| image = Hummes2006.jpg
| caption = 
| province = 
| diocese = 
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo|São Paulo]]
| appointed = 31 October 2006
| ended = 7 October 2010
| predecessor = [[Darío Castrillón Hoyos]]
| successor = [[Mauro Piacenza]]
| other_post = [[Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana|Cardinal-Priest of S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana]]
| ordination = 3 August 1958
| ordained_by = [[João Resende Costa]]
| consecration = 25 May 1975
| consecrated_by = [[Aloísio Leo Arlindo Lorscheider]]
| cardinal = 21 February 2001
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo André|Coadjutor Bishop of Santo André]] (1975)|Titular Bishop of Carcabia (1975)|Bishop of Santo André (1975–1996)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza|Archbishop of Fortaleza]] (1996–1998)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo|Archbishop of São Paulo]] (1998–2006)}}
| birth_name = Auri Alfonso Hummes
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|8|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Batinga Sul]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Vargas Era|Brazil]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|7|4|1934|8|8|df=y}}
| death_place = [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| buried = 
| nationality =
| religion = Roman Catholic
| residence = 
| parents = 
| spouse = 
| children = 
| occupation = 
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Claudio Hummes.svg
| profession = 
| motto = Omnes Vos Fratres ''(We are all brothers)''
| alma_mater = 
| signature = 
}}

'''Cláudio Hummes''' {{post-nominal styles|post-noms=[[Order of Friars Minor|OFM]]}} ({{IPA|pt-BR|ˈklawdʒu ˈʁum(i)s}}; born '''Auri Alfonso Hummes'''; 8 August 1934 – 4 July 2022) was a Brazilian prelate of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]]. He was [[Congregation for the Clergy|prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy]] from 2006 to 2010, having served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza|Archbishop of Fortaleza]] from 1996 to 1998 and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo|Archbishop of São Paulo]] from 1998 to 2006. A member of the [[Franciscan|Order of Friars Minor]] and an outspoken proponent of [[social justice]], he was made a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] in 2001.

== Biography ==
{{More sources|section|date=July 2022}}
=== Early life and education ===
Hummes was born Auri Alfonso Hummes in the village of [[Batinga Sul, Rio Grande do Sul|Batinga Sul]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Risen |first=Clay |date=2022-07-13 |title=Cardinal Cláudio Hummes, Close Ally of Pope Francis, Dies at 87 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/13/world/americas/cardinal-claudio-hummes-dead.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> to Pedro Adão Hummes, a [[German-Brazilian]], and Maria Frank, a German. Taking the name Cláudio upon his profession as a [[Franciscan]], he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood on 3 August 1958 by Archbishop [[João Resende Costa]]. He obtained a doctorate in philosophy in 1963 from the [[Pontifical University Antonianum]] in [[Rome]].

From 1963 until 1968, he taught philosophy at the Franciscan [[seminary]] in [[Garibaldi]], the major seminary of [[Viamão]], and at the Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre. He then studied at the Ecumenical Institute of Bossey in [[Geneva]], Switzerland, where he received a specialization in [[Catholic Church and ecumenism|ecumenism]]. He was adviser for ecumenical affairs to the [[Episcopal Conference of Brazil]], [[Provincial Superior]] of the Franciscans of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (1972–1975), and president of the Union of Latin American Conferences of Franciscans.

Along with his native [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] he speaks [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch]], a regional German dialect of south.

===Bishop===
On 22 March 1975, he was appointed [[Coadjutor Bishop]] of [[Santo André]] and [[Titular Bishop]] of [[Carcabia]]. Hummes received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 25 May from Archbishop [[Aloísio Lorscheider]], [[Franciscan|OFM]], with Bishops Mauro Morelli and Urbano Allgayer serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. He succeeded Jorge de Oliveira as Bishop of Santo André on 29 December of that same year. Hummes allowed the [[Trade union|labour unions]] to meet in [[Parish (Catholic Church)|parishes]] throughout his [[diocese]], going against the [[dictatorship in Brazil]] at the time. It was here that he began his support for [[liberation theology]], and forged his friendship with the union boss at the time, [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]. On 29 May 1996 he was promoted to Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza|Fortaleza]] and was then transferred to São Paulo on 15 April 1998.
{{Infobox cardinal styles
|cardinal name=Cláudio Hummes
|dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
|offstyle=Your Eminence
|relstyle=[[Monsignor]]
|image=Coat of arms of Claudio Hummes.svg
|image_size = 200px
|See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo|São Paulo]] ([[Emeritus]])
|deathstyle=
}}

==== Cardinal ====
Hummes was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana|S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 21 February 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20010221_concistoro.html|title=Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico per la creazione dei nuovi Cardinali|author=Pope John Paul II|author-link=Pope John Paul II|date=21 February 2001|publisher=[[Vatican Publishing House|Libreria Editrica Vaticana]]|at=Assegnazione dei Titoli o delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali|language=it|trans-title=Ordinary Public Consistory for the creation of new Cardinals|type=Homily|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108120426/http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20010221_concistoro.html|archive-date=8 January 2018|url-status=live|via=the [[Holy See]]}}</ref> He later preached the [[Lent]]en [[Spiritual practice|spiritual exercises]] for John Paul II and the [[Roman Curia]] in 2002. One of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]], Hummes was often mentioned as a possible [[Papabile|successor]] to [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 7 July 2022 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/11/catholicism.religion | work = The Guardian | title = Portuguese patriarch is dark horse papal candidate | date = 10 April 2005 | first = Stephen | last = Bates }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 7 July 2022 | work = Chicago Tribune | title = Bets Taken on Next Pope | url = https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-20041107-2004-11-07-0411070043-story.html | date = 7 November 2004}}</ref>

Hummes was a member of [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]], [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], [[Congregation for Bishops]], [[Congregation for Catholic Education]], [[Pontifical Council for the Laity]], [[Pontifical Council for the Family]], Pontifical Council ''Cor Unum'', [[Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue]], [[Pontifical Council for Culture]], [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]], X Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational, and [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]].

On 31 October 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed Hummes to head the [[Congregation for the Clergy]].<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 9 May 2019 |language= it | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2006/10/31/0542/01545.html | date = 31 October 2006 | publisher = [[Holy See Press Office]] | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 31.10.2006}}</ref> He accepted his resignation from that post on 7 October 2010.<ref>{{cite press release | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2010/10/07/0603/01363.html | language = it | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 7 October 2010 | access-date = 5 July 2022 | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 07.10.2010 }}</ref>

In 2013 he served as one of the 115 cardinals in the [[Papal conclave, 2013|conclave]] that elected [[Pope Francis]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://zenit.org/articles/list-of-cardinal-electors/|  work = Zenit |access-date = 10 May 2019 | title = List of Cardinal Electors| date= 12 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="YouTube procession">{{cite AV media | title = Procession and entrance in Conclave | medium = Television production | language = it | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTtzyr5sBkc | access-date = 11 September 2014 | date = 12 March 2013 | publisher = Centro Televisivo Vaticano | location = Rome}}</ref> When the new pope won the conclave ballot, Hummes whispered to him, "Don't forget the poor". Francis said that immediately he remembered [[Francis of Assisi]], "the man of poverty, the man of peace, the man who loves and protects creation," and "the name Francis came into my heart".  When Francis appeared on the balcony shortly after his election, Hummes was among the cardinals who accompanied the new pope and stood beside him at his immediate left on the balcony.<ref name="HabemusPapam">{{cite AV media | title = Habemus Papam, Franciscus | medium = Television production | language = it | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd5kNiBp1Lg | access-date = 14 August 2014 | date = 13 March 2013 | publisher = Centro Televisivo Vaticano | location = Rome }}</ref><ref name="CN">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/pope-francis-explains-why-he-chose-st-francis-of-assisi-s-name.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008081042/http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/pope-francis-explains-why-he-chose-st-francis-of-assisi-s-name.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2017|title=Pope Francis explains why he chose St. Francis of Assisi's name|publisher =[[Catholic News Service]]|first=Cindy|last=Wooden|date=16 March 2013|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

A year later, Hummes was appointed honorary president of the [[Pan-Amazonian Ecclesial Network]] (REPAM), established in 2014 in Brasilia, Brazil, during a meeting of bishops whose territories include Amazon regions, priests, missionaries of congregations who work in the Amazon jungle, and national representatives of [[Caritas Brazil|Caritas]] and laypeople belonging to various Church bodies. In his message, he reiterated that the creation of the Pan-Amazon Ecclesial Network "represents a new incentive and relaunch of the work of the Church in [[Amazonia]], strongly desired by the Holy Father. There, the Church wishes to be, with courage and determination, a missionary Church, merciful, prophetic, and close to all the people, especially the poorest, the excluded, the discarded, the forgotten and wounded. A Church with an 'Amazonian face' and a 'native clergy', as Pope Francis proposed in his address to the bishops of Brazil".<ref name=VR>{{cite web|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/03/02/presentation_of_the_pan-amazon_ecclesial_network_(repam)/1126569|title=Presentation of the Pan-Amazon Ecclesial Network (REPAM)|work=[[Vatican Radio]]|first=Vatican|last=Radio|date=2 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

=== Death ===
Hummes died at his home in [[São Paulo]] on 4 July 2022 following a bout of [[lung cancer]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Morre Cardeal Cláudio Hummes, franciscano que defendeu povos indígenas e influenciou escolha do nome do Papa |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2022/07/04/morre-cardeal-claudio-hummes-franciscano-que-defendeu-povos-indigenas-e-influenciou-escolha-do-nome-do-papa.ghtml |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=G1 |date=4 July 2022 |language=pt-br}}</ref>  He was 87.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chu |first=Henry |date=2022-07-05 |title=Brazilian Claudio Hummes, once viewed as possible first Latin American pope, dies at 87 |url=https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2022-07-05/claudio-hummes-brazil-cardinal-dead |access-date=2022-07-05|url-access=limited|newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Climate activism ==

On 29 November 2015, ahead of the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] Cardinal Hummes appeared again on the world's global media stage when he and [[Avaaz]] campaigner [[Oscar Soria]] displayed a pair of shoes donated by [[Pope Francis]] to support a climate demonstration in [[Paris]] that had replaced a planned march after French authorities had banned public protests in the aftermath of the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]. Parisians and others from around the world donated shoes and set them up at [[Place de la Republique]], in a symbolic march organized by the civic movement [[Avaaz]] which gained the support of the pope.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34948805|title=COP21: Pope's adviser urges Catholics to join climate marches|work=[[BBC]]|first=Matt|last=McGrath|date=28 November 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

"This is a very important and also very emotional moment, the Pope wanted to personally participate symbolically just like all of us who have put our shoes, we want to participate symbolically to the worldwide march for climate change here in Paris", Cardinal Hummes told journalists at the event.<ref name=HP>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/empty-shoes-left-out-to-replace-cancelled-paris-climate-march_us_565b41ede4b079b2818aaa72|title=Empty Shoes Left Out To Replace Cancelled Paris Climate March|work=[[HuffPost]]|first=HuffPost|last=WorldPost|date=29 November 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

"We ask for drastic cuts of [[carbon emissions]] to keep the global temperature rise below the dangerous threshold of 1.5&nbsp;°C," the cardinal said before international media. "As the bishops' appeal states, we need to 'put an end to the [[fossil fuel]] era' and 'set a goal for complete decarbonisation by 2050 (...) And we ask wealthier countries to aid the world's poorest to cope with [[effects of climate change|climate change impacts]], by providing robust climate finance," he added.<ref name=Tablet>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/2871/0/a-pair-of-papal-shoes-stand-in-defiance-of-paris-authorities-as-catholics-demonstrate-over-climate-change|title=A pair of papal shoes stand in defiance of Paris authorities as Catholics demonstrate over climate-change|work=[[The Tablet|Tablet]]|first=Sean|last=Smith|date=30 November 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

Recounting that event, Cardinal Hummes later said: "I had the privilege, along with [[Oscar Soria]] from [[Avaaz]], to bring the shoes of Pope Francis. There were lots of expectations, it was a great and symbolically strong way of pressure from the people, and as well the presence of Pope Francis, in this clamor to avert climate change".<ref name=REPAM>{{cite web|url=http://redamazonica.org/2015/12/zapatos-del-papa-francisco-un-simbolo-en-la-defensa-del-planeta/|title=Zapatos del Papa Francisco: un símbolo en la defensa del planeta|work=[[REPAM]]|first=Caritas|last=Ecuador|date=1 December 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

==Views==

===Economic issues===
Cardinal Hummes who criticized the spread of [[global capitalism]],  claimed that privatizing state companies and lowering tariffs had contributed to "misery and poverty affecting millions around the world".<ref name=washington_post>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22031-2005Apr2.html|title=Champion of Workers and the Poor|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Anthony|last=Faiola|date=3 April 2005|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>

===Indigenous people===
Hummes issued an official statement condemning the anonymous attacks on homeless [[indigenous people]]. He said "such violence and cruelty is unacceptable and should be vigorously repudiated. The Church has cried out many times regarding the need to come to the aid of those who are forced to live in our streets, without shelter.  She does so out of a duty of humanity and because of her faith in [[Jesus Christ]], who wishes to be identified in each person, especially in the poor and handicapped".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/1805/cardinal-hummes-denounces-indigenous-killings-in-brazil|title=Cardinal Hummes denounces indigenous killings in Brazil|work=[[Catholic News Agency]]|date=25 August 2004|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>

===Clerical celibacy===
In a 2006 interview with Brazilian newspaper ''[[O Estado de S. Paulo]]'', Cardinal Hummes said that "even though celibacy is part of Catholic history and culture, the Church could review this question, because celibacy is not a [[dogma]] but a disciplinary question." He also said that it is "a long and valuable tradition in the [[Latin Church|Latin-rite church]], based on strong theological and pastoral arguments".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicreview.org/subpages/storyworldnew-new.aspx?action=5810|title=Cardinal Egan says possibility of married priests not to be dismissed|access-date=10 July 2012|work=[[The Catholic Review]]|archive-date=18 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918053840/http://www.catholicreview.org/subpages/storyworldnew-new.aspx?action=5810|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Contraception===
{{See also|Roman Catholic Church and AIDS}}
Hummes reprimanded priests who attack Catholic teachings about [[condoms]].<ref name=washington_post/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3237358.stm|title= The Vatican's condom challenge|first=Peter|last=Gould|date=25 November 2003|access-date=10 July 2012|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>

== Published works ==
* {{cite book |last1=Hummes |first1=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=1984 |last2=Betto |first2=Frei |last3=Martins |first3=Jose S. |title=Desemprego Causas e Consequencias |trans-title=Unemployment: Causes and Consequences |asin=B0042PLRTM}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=1964 |title=Renovação das provas tradicionais da existência de Deus por Maurice Blondel em L'Action (1893) |trans-title=Renewal of the traditional [[proof of the existence of God]] by [[Maurice Blondel]] in ''L'Action'' (1893) |publisher=Tip. Editorial Franciscana |series=Pontificio Ateneo Antoniano Roma. Facoltà Filosofica: Tesi di laurea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyAlPQAACAAJ <!-- https://books.google.com/books?id=eIzooAEACAAJ --> |language=pt-br}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2002 |title=Sempre discepoli di Cristo: esercizi spirituali predicati a Giovanni Paolo II e alla Curia romana |trans-title=Always disciples of Christ: Spiritual exercises preached to John Paul II and the Roman Curia |publisher=San Paolo Edizioni |series=Dimensioni dello spirito <!--|trans-series=Spiritual dimensions--> |isbn=978-88-215-4731-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrK4PAAACAAJ |language=it}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2005 |title=Diálogo com a cidade |trans-title=Dialogue with the city |publisher=Paulus |publication-place=São Paulo, Brasil |isbn=978-85-349-2365-1 |oclc=64626864 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhVRAQAAIAAJ |language=pt-br}}
* {{cite journal |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |year=2006 |title=Theological and Ecclesiological Foundations of ''[[Gaudium et Spes]]'' |journal=Journal of Catholic Social Thought |publisher=Philosophy Documentation Center |volume=3 |issue=2 |issn=1548-0712 |doi=10.5840/jcathsoc20063220 |pages=231–242}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2006 |title=Discípulos E Missionários De Jesus Cristo |trans-title=Disciples and Missionaries of Jesus Christ |publisher=Paulus |language=pt-br |isbn=9788534925662}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hummes |first1=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2011 |last2=Piacenza |first2=M. |title=The Missionary Identity of the Priest in the Church as an Intrinsic Dimension of the Tria Munera: Circular Letter |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |series=Congregatio pro Clericis |isbn=978-88-209-8468-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1OGwgEACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2015 |title=Papa Francisco e Apóstolo Paulo. Lâmpadas no Caminho |trans-title=[[Pope Francis]] and the [[Apostle Paul]]: Lamps on the Way |publisher=Paulus |language=pt-br |isbn=9788534941723}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2017 |title=Grandes metas do Papa Francisco |trans-title=Great goals of [[Pope Francis]] |series=Coleção Comunidade e Missão <!-- |trans-series=Community and Mission Collection--> |publisher=Paulus Editora |isbn=978-85-349-4523-3 <!-- isbn=978-85-349-4509-7 --> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMPqDQAAQBAJ <!-- https://books.google.com/books?id=tINytAEACAAJ --> |language=pt-br}}
* {{cite book |last1=Damasceno |first1=Raymundo |last2=Hummes |first2=Cláudio |date=2017 |title=Nossa Senhora Aparecida e o Papa Francisco : dois cardeais conversam sobre o papa e a devoção pela padroeira do Brasil |trans-title=[[Our Lady of Aparecida]] and Pope Francis: Two cardinals talk about the pope and devotion to the patron saint of Brazil |publisher=Planeta |publication-place=São Paulo, SP |isbn=978-85-422-0938-9 |oclc=1090303420 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHk3DwAAQBAJ |language=pt-br}} {{ISBN|978-85-422-1151-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2018 |title=Ano Santo da Misericórdia: um Jubileu Extraordinário |trans-title=Holy Year of Mercy: an Extraordinary Jubilee |publisher=Paulus |language=pt-br |isbn=978-8534942744}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2019 |title=O Sínodo para a Amazônia |trans-title=The Synod for the Amazon |publisher=Paulus Editora |series=Comunidade e missão <!-- |trans-series=Community and mission --> |isbn=978-85-349-5040-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuamDwAAQBAJ |language=pt-br}} {{ISBN|9788534949002}}
* {{cite book |last=Hummes |first=Cláudio |author-mask=1 |date=2019 |title=Il Sinodo per l'Amazzonia. Nuovi cammini per la Chiesa e per una ecologia integrale |trans-title=The Synod for the Amazon: New paths for the Church and for an integral ecology |publisher=San Paolo Edizioni |series=Nuovi fermenti <!--|trans-series=New Ferments--> |isbn=978-88-922-1918-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r591xgEACAAJ |language=it}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commonscat}}

* {{cite web| access-date = 24 November 2017| title= Hummes Card. Cláudio, O.F.M. |publisher= [[Holy See Press Office]] | url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_hummes_c.html | url-status=live | archive-date= 4 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062325/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_hummes_c.html }}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060827031257/http://catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=185 Catholic-Pages Biography of Cardinal Hummes]}}
* [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-h.htm#Hummes Cláudio Hummes's biography at Salvador Miranda's '' The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church'' website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819180548/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-h.htm#Hummes |date=19 August 2014 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=José Lafayette Ferreira Álvares}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Carcabia|Titular Bishop of Carcabia]]|years=22 March 1975 – 29 December 1975}}
{{s-aft|after=Vittorio Luigi Mondello}}
{{s-bef|before=Jorge Marcos de Oliveira}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo André|Bishop of Santo André]]|years=29 December 1975 – 29 May 1996}}
{{s-aft|after=Décio Pereira}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Aloísio Lorscheider]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Fortaleza]]|years=29 May 1996 – 15 April 1998}}
{{s-aft|after=[[José Antônio Aparecido Tosi Marques]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paulo Evaristo Arns]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo|Archbishop of São Paulo]]|years=15 April 1998 – 31 October 2006}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Odilo Scherer]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[António Ribeiro]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana|Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana]]|years=21 February 2001 – 4 July 2022}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Américo Aguiar]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Darío Castrillón Hoyos]]|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for the Clergy|Prefect for the Congregation for the Clergy]]|years=31 October 2006 – 7 October 2010}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mauro Piacenza]]|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=President for the International Council for Catechesis|years=31 October 2006 – 7 October 2010}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hummes, Claudio}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Rio Grande do Sul]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian cardinals]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Brazil]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Brazil]]
[[Category:Prefects of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]]
[[Category:Members of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:Pontifical Council Cor Unum]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Franciscan cardinals]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Fortaleza]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of São Paulo]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Santo André]]