View source for Ciechanowiec

{{Infobox settlement 
| name = Ciechanowiec
| image_skyline = Ciechanowiec - kościół pw. Trójcy Przenajświętszej.JPG
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Holy Trinity Church
| image_flag = POL Ciechanowiec flag.svg
| image_shield = Ciechanowiec herb.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag| Podlaskie Voivodeship |name= Podlaskie}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wysokie Mazowieckie County|Wysokie Mazowieckie]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Ciechanowiec|Ciechanowiec]]
| established_title = City rights
| established_date = 1413
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Eugeniusz Święcki
| area_total_km2 = 26.01
| population_as_of = 31 December 2021<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-07-12|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Data for territorial unit 2013024.</ref>
| population_total = 4511
| population_density_km2 = auto
| coordinates = {{coord|52|41|N|22|30|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 18-230
| area_code = +48 86
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| registration_plate = BWM
| website = http://www.ciechanowiec.pl
}}
'''Ciechanowiec''' ({{IPA|pl|t͡ɕɛxaˈnɔvʲɛt͡s}}; {{langx|yi|טשעכֿאַנאָװיץ|Tshekhanovits}})<ref>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-497464 JewishGen Locality Page - Ciechanowiec, Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315132910/http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-497464 |date=2012-03-15 }}, from [[Museum of Jewish Heritage]].</ref> is a small town in [[Gmina Ciechanowiec]], [[Wysokie Mazowieckie County]], [[Podlaskie Voivodeship]], eastern [[Poland]].{{TERYT}} In December 2021, the town had a population of 4,511.<ref name = population />

==History==
From the 5th century BC until the 10th century, [[Yotvingians]], a [[Baltic tribe]] close to the [[Lithuanians]], lived in the areas around Ciechanowiec. From the 13th–14th centuries until 1513, the lands belonged to the [[Trakai Voivodeship]] of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. Then, they were part of the [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]] from 1513 until 1795 (1513–1569 as part of Lithuania and 1569–1795 as part of the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]).

In 1429, the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Vytautas the Great]] granted Ciechanowiec the settlement [[Magdeburg rights]] and its coat of arms. In the 16th century, the city belonged to the [[Kiszka family]]. In the mid-16th century Castellan of [[Trakai]], [[Piotr Kiszka]] built a castle on the right bank of the river [[Nurzec]], northeast of the town. Between 1617–1642, Mikołaj Kiszka ordered to build heavy defensive walls around the fortress, but soon the castle burned down during the [[Deluge (history)|Deluge]], and the surviving buildings with the newly-built residence for the Ossoliński family were later blown up and destroyed by the [[Imperial Russian Army]] during [[World War I]] (1915). To this day only the foundations and the moat still exist.

The forthcoming owners of the city were: The Bremmer, Ossoliński, Szczukow and Ciecierski families. In particular, the Ossoliński family in the second half of the seventeenth century invested in the development of the city. 
[[File:Ciechanowiec - zalew, przystań.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Paddle boats are a popular tourist attraction]]
In 1736–1739, a brick church of the Holy Trinity and the Sisters of Mercy hospital was built, according to the draft of Warmia's architect Jan Adrian Kluk. His son, Fr. [[Jan Krzysztof Kluk]] (1739–1796), the local parish priest, devoted to natural history, became one of the most important Polish naturalists of the Enlightenment. He is the author of the first comprehensive textbook in the [[Polish language]] on agriculture, as well as other pioneering scientific topics, as well as school textbooks written on request of the [[Commission of National Education]]. The scope of the research included both [[botany]] and [[zoology]], and natural pharmaceuticals.

In the era of the partitions, Ciechanowiec was passed onto Prussia, and after the [[Congress of Vienna]] to the Russian Empire. Later the city was divided into two parts: right bank (called New Town or "Polish section"), was part of the Polish Kingdom and the left bank Old Town ("Rus section") in Russia. As a result of the [[November Uprising|November]] and [[January Uprising]]s, the right bank of Ciechanowiec lost the city rights in 1870. At the end of the nineteenth century, the textile industry rapidly developed in the city. Ciechanowiec was also very popular for various horse fairs. Significant damage from the times of [[World War I]] and the [[Polish–Soviet War]] were slowly repaired in the interwar period.

Before the beginning of [[World War II]], 55% of the town's inhabitants were [[Jews]]. At that time the city was known to a large number of workshops, mainly Jewish. In 1938, the left bank of Ciechanowiec (then located in the district of Bielsko) was attached to the right part of the town (on the status of the settlement), previously located in the district of Wysokomazowieckie (in the municipality of Klukowo).

During [[World War II]], the city was badly destroyed, as a result of the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], first by the soldiers of the Red Army, and after June 1941 by the [[Wehrmacht|German Army]]. The Jewish population was almost completely exterminated at the [[Treblinka extermination camp]]. After the war, reconstruction lasted a long time and the city has not regained its former importance and population that it once had.

Jewish family names like ''Ciechanowiec, Ciechanowiecki, [[Ciechanowicz]], [[Ciechanowski]]'' and ''Chechanover'' originated from this town.

==Geography==
Ciechanowiec is located in eastern Poland about {{convert|130|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast from [[Warsaw]] and around {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=on}} west from the [[Białowieża Forest]] in the Territory of Preserved Landscape of the Valley of the Bug and Nurzec Rivers. The [[Nurzec River]] divides the town into two parts: the Left Side and the Right Side.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|1921|3291|1931|4029|2010|4914
|source=<ref name=gus/><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego|volume=X|year=1932|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=198}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=88|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}}
According to the [[1921 Polish census|1921 census]], the village was inhabited by 3,291 people, among whom 1,568 were Roman Catholic, 39 Orthodox, 34 Evangelical and 1,649 Jewish. At the same time, 1,653 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 21 German, 11 Belarusian and 1,693 Jewish. There were 361 residential buildings in the village.<ref name=gus>''Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej: opracowany na podstawie wyników pierwszego powszechnego spisu ludności z dn. 30 września 1921 r. i innych źródeł urzędowych.'', t. T. 5, województwo białostockie, 1924, s. 19.</ref>

Detailed data as of 31 December 2021:<ref name = population />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
!Description|| colspan=2|All || colspan=2|Women || colspan=2|Men
|-
|Unit || person || percentage || person || percentage || person || percentage
|--
|Population || '''4511'''|| 100 || 2271 || 50.3% || 2240 || 49.7%
|--
|Population density || colspan=2| 173.4|| colspan=2| 87.3|| colspan=2| 86.1
|}

==Monuments==
* The Holy Trinity Church
* The monastery-hospital complex
* The Lord's Ascension Orthodox Church
* The Mansion-Park Complex
* Mazowiecko-Podlaski Open-Air Museum of Agriculture

== Notable people ==
{{Category see also|People from Ciechanowiec}}
* [[Alexander Chizhevsky]]
* [[Jan Krzysztof Kluk]]
*[[Benjamin Mazar]] (1906-1995), Israeli historian and archeologist; President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
* [[Salomon Rosenblum]]
* [[Ivan Solonevich]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Ignacy Tłoczek|pl}} (not native)

==See also==
*[[Church of the Ascension, Ciechanowiec]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ciechanowiec.info/ Ciechanowiec Online]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315132910/http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-497464 JewishGen Locality Page - Ciechanowiec, Poland] from [[Museum of Jewish Heritage]].
{{See also|Ciechanów (disambiguation)|Ciechanowice}}
{{Gmina Ciechanowiec}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ciechanowiec| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Wysokie Mazowieckie County]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland]]