View source for Chloride potassium symporter

The '''chloride potassium [[symporter]]''' is a [[membrane transport protein]] of the [[solute carrier family]] 12 that is present in the S3-segment of the renal [[proximal tubule]]<ref name=boron780>{{cite book |author=Walter F., PhD. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch |year=2005 |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |isbn=1-4160-2328-3 }} Page 780</ref> and in the [[neuron]].<ref name="Entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SLC12A5 solute carrier family 12, (potassium-chloride transporter) member 5| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57468| access-date = 28 August 2013}}</ref> It functions in [[renal chloride reabsorption]] to transport [[chloride]] across the [[basolateral membrane]].<ref name=boron780/> Chloride potassium symporter can lower intracellular chloride concentrations below the [[electrochemical equilibrium potential]].<ref name="Entrez" />

The concentrations of K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> ions are high inside the cell due to the activities of [[Sodium–potassium pump|Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase]] and [[Na-K-Cl cotransporter|NKCC cotransporter]], respectively. Hence, their net driving force acting on the K/Cl cotransporter favours the exit of both K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> from the cell.

==Types==
Chloride potassium symporter are classified into:
*[[Chloride potassium symporter 4]], predominating in the kidney.
*[[Chloride potassium symporter 5]], predominating in neurons.

Each is encoded by a separate gene of the solute carrier family 12, hence accounting for the numbers succeeding its name. For example, chloride potassium symporter 5, or KCC2, is expressed through the SLC12A5 gene. Notably, symporters prior to 4 in the same family are other types of ion pumps. SLC12A3, for instance, is the [[sodium-chloride symporter]].

==References==
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{{ion pumps}}
{{Carrier proteins}}
{{Membrane transport proteins}}
{{Ion channels}}
{{Neurotransmitter transporters}}

[[Category:Transport proteins|*]]
[[Category:Transmembrane transporters]]
[[Category:Solute carrier family]]


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