View source for Chinatowns in Toronto

{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{image frame|content={{Photomontage
| photo1a = Elizabeth Street south of Dundas Street 1934.jpg
| photo2a = Chinatown public art.jpg
| photo2b = Toronto Chinese Archway 2023.jpg
| photo3a = Dundas Street West at Huron Street Toronto 2010.jpg
| size = 275
| text = Toronto through its history, had seen the development of multiple Chinese ethnic enclaves in its downtown and metropolitan regions.
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'''Toronto Chinatowns''' are [[ethnic enclave]]s in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada, with a high concentration of ethnic Chinese residents and businesses. These neighbourhoods are major cultural, social and economic hubs for the [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese-Canadian]] communities of the region. In addition to Toronto, several areas in the [[Greater Toronto Area]] also hold a high concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.

When used directly, in Toronto the term "Chinatown" typically refers to the neighbourhood in [[downtown Toronto]], which extends along [[Dundas Street|Dundas Street West]] and [[Spadina Avenue]]. The Chinese community in this [[Chinatown, Toronto|downtown Chinatown]] previously originated from ''[[First Chinatown, Toronto|First Chinatown]]'', which was located in what used to be known as [[The Ward, Toronto|The Ward]]. With changes in the city and subsequent waves of immigration from the mid-20th century onwards, ''[[East Chinatown]]'' developed at the intersection of [[Broadview Avenue]] and [[Gerrard Street (Toronto)|Gerrard Street]], as well as suburban Chinatowns in [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]] and [[North York]]. In the Greater Toronto Area, [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]], [[Mississauga]], and [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]], have all developed sizable Chinatowns. In fact, the large Chinese communities of northern Scarborough, Markham, and Richmond Hill actually form a continuous L-shaped belt.

==History==
[[File:The Ward as viewed from Eaton factory.jpg|thumb|[[The Ward, Toronto|The Ward]], c. 1910. Toronto's first Chinatown was situated in [[The Ward, Toronto|The Ward]], an area that attracted new immigrants to the city.]]
Toronto's Chinatown first appeared during the 1890s with the migration of [[Chinese American|American Chinese]] from California due to racial conflict and from the Eastern United States due to the economic depression at the time.<ref name=py>{{citation|title=Chinatown: An illustrated history of the Chinese Communities of Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal and Halifax |last=Yee |first=Paul |publisher=James Lorimer & Company Limited |location=Toronto, ON, CAN |year=2005}}</ref>

===19th century===
The earliest record of Toronto's Chinese community is traced to Sam Ching, who owned a hand laundry business on Adelaide Street in 1878.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontohistory.org/Pages_STU/Torontos_First_Chinatown.html|title=Toronto's First Chinatown|access-date=2008-07-14|archive-date=2008-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827233002/http://torontohistory.org/Pages_STU/Torontos_First_Chinatown.html|url-status=dead}} ''"The first Chinese resident recorded in Toronto was Sam Ching, the owner of a hand laundry business on Adelaide Street in 1878."''</ref> Ching was the first Chinese person listed in the city's directory<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontotourism.com/Visitor/WhatToSeeAndDo/Neighbourhoods/Chinatown.htm|title=Toronto Tourism: Chinatown|access-date=2008-07-14|archive-date=2008-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509123824/http://www.torontotourism.com/Visitor/WhatToSeeAndDo/Neighbourhoods/Chinatown.htm|url-status=dead}} ''"Sam Ching was the first Chinese person to be listed in the city directory"''</ref> and is now honoured with a lane named after him.<ref>{{cite web|last=City Surveyor|title=Naming of Public Lanes Bounded by Yonge Street, Queen Street East, Parliament Street and the Railway Corridor|url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/te/bgrd/backgroundfile-48089.pdf|work=Staff Reports|publisher=City of Toronto|access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> The first Chinese cafe opened in 1901 and that number grew to 19 in 1912 and to around 100 a decade after that.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scheinberg|first1=Ellen|last2=Yee|first2=Paul|title=Life in the Ward|url=http://www.pressreader.com/canada/toronto-star/20150607/282376923195327/TextView|access-date=7 June 2015|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

The Chinese businesses in Toronto at the time were tuned to the politics of Imperial China and physically separated themselves into those that supported [[Hundred Days' Reform|political reform of the Qing Empire]] under [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] and those that supported a revolution overthrowing the Manchu [[Qing dynasty]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Lai|first1=David Chuenyan|last2=Leong|first2=Jack|date=2012|title=Toronto Chinatowns 1878 ~ 2012 多倫多唐人街1878 ~ 2012|url=http://www.sfu.ca/chinese-canadian-history/Chinatown/Toronto-Chinatown-Bilingual.pdf|journal=Canada Chinatown Series 加拿大唐人街系列|publisher=Simon Fraser University David See-Chai Lam Centre for International Communication 西門菲沙大學林思齊國際交流中心|pages=8}}</ref> The 1909 Toronto city directory showed them as two distinct clusters of Chinese shops located at:

# Queen Street East and George Street, adjacent to the reformist ''Chinese Empire Reform Association (保皇會)''
# Queen Street West and York Street, adjacent to the ''[[Chee Kung Tong]] (致公堂)'', a [[Tiandihui|Chinese secret fraternal organization]] supporting the Chinese revolutionary [[Sun Yat-sen|Sun Yat-Sen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/access-city-information-or-records/city-of-toronto-archives/using-the-archives/research-by-topic/chinese-history-in-toronto/|title = Chinese History in Toronto|date = 18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

===20th century===
When the Qing dynasty fell in 1912 the reform association became defunct and the business next to it moved away from the Queen Street East neighbourhood. Meanwhile, the Chinese community in Queen Street West and York Street continued to grow and moved into the adjacent properties within Toronto's [[The Ward, Toronto|Ward district]] ({{coord|43.654|-79.385|display=inline|scale:1000}}) vacated by the Jewish population.<ref name=":5" /> This created Toronto's first Chinatown.

====First Chinatown====
{{main|First Chinatown, Toronto}}
[[File:Chinese quarters in Toronto, (Ontario.) - Quartier chinois de Toronto, Ontario.jpg|left|thumb|The first Chinatown went along Elizabeth and York Street, between [[Dundas Street|Dundas]] and [[Queen Street (Toronto)|Queen Street]].]]

The First Chinatown of Toronto developed between 1900 and 1925<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/Torontos_First_Chinatown.html |title=Toronto's First Chinatown Historical Plaque |access-date=2019-09-10 |archive-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018031014/http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/Torontos_First_Chinatown.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> along York Street and Elizabeth Street between Queen and Dundas Streets. Situated in what was then known as [[The Ward, Toronto|"The Ward"]], one of the city's largest slum areas for incoming immigrants, the area was expropriated and razed in 1955, despite myriad protests, to make way for [[Toronto City Hall|Toronto New City Hall]] and [[Nathan Phillips Square]], with only one-third of this original Chinatown left south of Dundas Street.<ref name=":2" /> More than three-quarters of the neighbourhood was commandeered as a result of the forced dispossession.

====Expropriation and Changes to Immigration Criteria====
Following the demolition of a large portion of First Chinatown to make way for Toronto City Hall, Toronto's Chinese community largely migrated westward to the neighbourhoods around Spadina Avenue and Dundas Street West. This migration formed present day [[West Chinatown, Toronto|west Chinatown]], also known as Toronto's downtown Chinatown.

The remaining parts of the neighbourhood were saved by Chinese business and community leaders in the 1970s including [[Jean Lumb]], who established the "Save Chinatown Committee". Nevertheless, due to the city's disruption, much of the cultural and economic centre of the downtown Chinatown have since shifted west to Spadina Avenue and Dundas Street.<ref name=":2" />
{{multiple image
 | align = right
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 | image1 = Spadina Avenue July 2011.jpg
 | width1 = 146
 | caption1 = [[Chinatown, Toronto|Chinatown]] from [[Spadina Avenue]]
 | footer = The expropriation of Toronto first Chinatown led to the development of the present Chinatown around Spadina Avenue, and Chinatown East, centred around Gerrard Street East.
 | image2 = RiverdaleEastChinatown.jpg
 | caption2 = [[East Chinatown, Toronto|East Chinatown]] south of [[Gerrard Street (Toronto)|Gerrard Street East]]
 | width2 = 129
}}
The Chinese population in west Chinatown continued to increased in the late 1960s and 1970s as the wives and descendants of the Chinese men already in Canada immigrated to the city when federal immigration legislation was adjusted to the point system in 1967. In subsequent decades, students and skilled workers arrived from [[Hong Kong]], [[Guangdong]] province and Chinese communities in [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Caribbean]] further increased the Chinese population, prompting the growth and development of [[East Chinatown, Toronto]].

====Late 20th century====
The subsequent waves of immigration from Hong Kong and [[Taiwan]] in the 1980s and 1990s increased the Chinese population and resulted in the creation of Chinatowns first in Scarborough, and later North York, and neighbouring municipality of Markham. Later immigration from China in the 2000s further resulted in the development of other Chinese ethnic enclaves in Toronto and the municipalities of the [[Greater Toronto Area]].

===21st century===
A number of Chinatowns have developed in the surrounding region as Chinese Canadians began to settle throughout the Greater Toronto Area. Even in the former neighbourhood of First Chinatown, old restaurants continue to thrive. Although the iconic ''Sai Woo Restaurant'' on near Dundas Street West and Bay Street has closed, ''Wah Too Seafood Restaurant'', ''Yueh Tung Restaurant'' and ''Hong Shing'' has continued in the area.

==Chinatowns in Toronto==
=== Downtown Chinatown ===
{{main|Chinatown, Toronto}}
[[File:Chinatown toronto spadina avenue.JPG|thumb|left|Shops along Spadina Avenue in downtown Chinatown]]
The present-day downtown Chinatown, or west Chinatown at Spadina Avenue and Dundas Street West ({{coord|43.653|-79.398|display=inline|scale:1000}}),<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> known also as ''Old Chinatown'' was formerly a Jewish district and formed during the 1950s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lostrivers.ca/content/points/spadinaave.html|title=Spadina Avenue & Chinatown West|website=www.lostrivers.ca|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref>

The neighbourhood has been noted as being a "near complete community" with housing, employment, and commerce, along with schools and social services all located within walking distance in the neighbourhood.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Toronto's Chinatown : the changing social organization of an ethnic community|last=Thompson|first=Richard H.|publisher=AMS Press|year=1989|isbn=0404194397|location=New York}}</ref>

Since the 2000s the Chinatown in downtown has been changing from the influx of new residents, businesses from immigrants and second-generation Canadians. The neighbourhood has continued to serve as a vital market hub and services, to people from inside the neighbourhood and outside.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/api/content/1b2451e4-e32d-11e6-913b-0aea2a882f79/|title=Toronto's changing Chinatown: who is it for?|last=Silva|first=Michelle da|date=2017-01-25|website=NOW Magazine|language=en-us|access-date=2019-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/canadas-chinatowns-grapple-with-new-development-changingdemographics/article35279032/|title=Chinatowns grapple with new development, changing&nbsp;demographics|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref> The central location of the neighbourhood has also been a draw for property developers, changing the face of the neighbourhood.<ref name=":0" />

===East Chinatown===
[[File:Eastchina Town at Gerrard St E 2023.jpg|thumb|Chinatown East another smaller Chinese community in [[Riverdale, Toronto|Riverdale]]. Formed in 1971, Chinatown East is centred around [[Gerrard Street (Toronto)|Gerrard Street]].]]
{{main|East Chinatown, Toronto}}
With the expropriation of the first downtown Chinatown and the subsequent property values increased in the west Chinatown due to continued immigration from Chinese communities abroad, many Chinese Canadians migrated to Toronto's east end in [[Riverdale, Toronto|Riverdale]].<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Chan |first1=Arlene |title=The Chinese in Toronto from 1878: From Outside to Inside the Circle. |date=2011 |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=9781554889792}}</ref> A second, somewhat smaller, Chinese community was formed, beginning in 1971 with the opening of Charlie's Meat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torontoist.com/2016/02/shaping-toronto-chinatowns/|title=Shaping Toronto: Chinatowns|date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Centred on Gerrard Street East between Broadview Avenue and Carlaw Avenue ({{coord|43.666614|N|79.347295|W|display=inline}}), [[Hoa people|Chinese-Vietnamese]] and mainland [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] immigrants dominate this district.

Known as [[East Chinatown, Toronto|East Chinatown]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/11-people-rescued-as-east-chinatown-blaze-destroys-building-1.1365646 |title=11 people rescued as East Chinatown blaze destroys building |journal=CTV Toronto |date=13 July 2013}}</ref> it covers a smaller area than Toronto's main Chinatown west of downtown, but is growing. As with many Canadian Chinatowns, the demographics of East Chinatown has been changing with gentrification and immigration.

===Scarborough===
Two neighbourhoods in [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]], [[Agincourt, Toronto|Agincourt]] and [[Milliken, Ontario|Milliken]], saw an influx of Hong Kong Chinese and Taiwanese during the 1980s, especially around Sheppard Avenue and Midland Avenue.  The opening of the Agincourt's Dragon Centre Mall in 1984, by the Shiu Pong development company owned by brothers Daniel and Henry Hung, was the vanguard for the proliferation of "Chinese malls", large malls in the GTA with restaurants and stores catering specifically to the Chinese community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/life/2019/08/21/scarboroughs-dragon-centre-was-torontos-third-chinatown.html|title = Dragon Centre was a catalyst for Scarborough's Chinese community, but the history is not all rosy|website = [[Toronto Star]]|date = 21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dragoncentrestories.ca/ |title=Dragon Centre Stories|website=www.dragoncentrestories.ca}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/dragon-centre-mall-played-pivotal-role-in-community-soon-to-close-1.5309944| title = Exit the Dragon: Once popular mall a piece of Chinese-Canadian history in Scarborough {{!}} CBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toronto.com/news-story/6264848-agincourt-s-dragon-center-was-epicentre-of-chinese-community-s-settlement-in-scarborough/|title=Agincourt's Dragon Center was epicentre of Chinese community's settlement in Scarborough|date=5 February 2016}}</ref>
[[File:FinchMidlandCentre.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]] neighbourhood of [[Agincourt, Toronto|Agincourt]] saw an influx of Chinese people from [[Hong Kong people|Hong Kong]] and [[Taiwanese people|Taiwan]] during the 1980s.]]
Since 2000, the Agincourt Chinese population is spread thinly and many are leaving for communities north of Toronto. Pockets of Chinese areas are likely to remain, but they will be less vibrant when compared with the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Chinese malls in Agincourt and Milliken include:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Agincourt Commercial Centre
* Oriental Centre
* Dragon Centre (to be replaced by a condominium complex)
* Chartwell Centre
* Milliken Square
* Milliken Crossing
* Finch Midland Centre
* Midland Court
* Silverland Centre
* Scherwood Centre
* Midland Village
* Cathay Plaza
* Prince Mall
* Mandarin Shopping Centre
* Pearl Place
* Milliken Wells Shopping Centre
* Chartwell Shopping Centre
* Centreview Square
* Regency Court
* [[Splendid China Mall]]
{{col div end}}

===North York===
[[File:SunnySupermarket.JPG|thumb|A Chinese supermarket at the [[Finch Avenue]]/[[Leslie Street]] intersection in North York. Small plazas featuring Chinese businesses began to proliferate into [[North York]] in the 1980s.]] 
The [[North York|former city]] is home to large pockets of Chinese immigrants, but there are only a few malls serving it and mostly located in the east end. The smaller plazas containing restaurants and supermarkets have proliferated in the 1980s at the [[Finch Avenue]]/[[Leslie Street]] intersection, [[Keele Street]] and [[Sheppard Avenue]], and around [[Victoria Park Avenue]] and McNicoll Avenues. These often compete with and complement the Agincourt Chinatown. The Finch-Leslie plaza is still thriving, because of the relative wealth of North York, though its patronage has now diversified. However, the gradual departure of the northern Scarborough Chinese clientele has led to the decline of businesses around Victoria Park and McNicoll. There are also some Chinese businesses in the [[Koreatown, Toronto#Other Korean communities in Toronto|Koreantown enclave]] of [[Willowdale, Toronto]].

* Finch Leslie Square
* Victoria Business Centre (3600 Victoria Park Avenue)

==Chinese communities in Greater Toronto==
{{further|Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area}}
Changes to the first downtown Chinatown neighbourhood as well as Chinese immigration encouraged the development of new Chinese enclaves within the [[Greater Toronto Area]].

===Markham and Richmond Hill===
[[File:FirstMarkhamPlace4.jpg|left|thumb|[[First Markham Place]], a Chinese mall in Markham]]
The Chinese communities in the adjacent cities of Markham and Richmond Hill emerged in the 1990s, when wealthy Chinese immigrants, primarily from [[Hong Kong]], moved into both cities, and contain the largest concentration of Chinese people in [[Greater Toronto Area|Greater Toronto]].
Both Markham and Richmond Hill's experience as a suburban Chinatown are similar, though the developments are less intensively developed and more spread out through the former municipality. Markham itself has the largest proportion of Chinese among all the GTA municipalities. In the 1980s and early 1990s, then-Mayor [[Tony Roman]] was leading trade delegations to Asia in which he promoted Markham as a great place to live and invest.

Numerous Chinese businesses are located along [[List of numbered roads in York Region|Highway 7]], which forms the municipal boundary between [[Yonge Street]] and [[Ontario Highway 404|Highway 404]]. The combination of Markham's Commerce Valley Drive and Richmond Hill's Beaver Creek Road form a loop around the intersection of Leslie Street and Highway 7, and contains numerous establishments including Commerce Gate mall on the Markham (south) side of the street, which is directly across the street from complexes on the Richmond Hill (north) side such as Times Square. Consequently, some colloquially use the term "Highway 7" to refer to the intermunicipal Chinatown there and many families often visit both cities on the same day. Several kilometers east of Highway 404 (wholly within Markham), is an older plaza is at the southwest quadrant with the intersection with [[Kennedy Road (Toronto)|Kennedy Road]]. Between Woodbine Avenue and Rodick Road is First Markham Place, which contains numerous shops and restaurants; formerly anchored by [[Home Outfitters]]. Further east still along Highway 7 is an older plaza is at the southwest quadrant with the intersection with [[Kennedy Road (Toronto)|Kennedy Road]].
[[File:RichmondHillTimesSquare2.JPG|thumb|Time Square, a Chinese plaza on the Richmond Hill side of Highway 7. During the 1990s, wealthy Chinese immigrants moved to both Richmond Hill and Markham.]]
The most well-known Chinese mall in Markham is the [[Pacific Mall]], at Kennedy Road and [[Steeles Avenue East]], which, combined with neighbouring [[Market Village|Market Village Mall]] (closed 2018 to be re-developed as Remington Centre) and [[Splendid China Mall]], forms the largest Chinese shopping complex in North America, with over 700 stores between the three malls. In close proximity, at Steeles East and Warden Avenue, there is the New Century Plaza mall and a half-block away there is a plaza of Chinese shops anchored by a [[T & T Supermarket]].
[[File:NewCenturyPlaza.JPG|thumb|New Century Plaza and the adjoining Metro Square are architecturally typical of Chinese malls built during the 1990s.]]

While the influx of new immigrants brought many jobs and much wealth to the areas they settled, their presence and "Chineseness" became a target of racial intolerance from some. In 1995, Deputy Mayor of Markham Carole Bell argued that the concentration of ethnic groups were a cause of social conflict,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thingsasian.com/story/chinatown-sextet-chinatowns-greater-toronto-area-3|title=Chinatown Sextet - Chinatowns in the Greater Toronto Area - 3|last=Tompkins|first=Robert|date=Jan 19, 2002|website=thingsasian.com|publisher=ThingsAsian|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> saying "the weakness of it comes when there is a concentration, when you are getting only one group of people". She went on to say "everything's going Chinese" in Markham, stating that they were driving the "back bone of Markham away...the people who run festivals, coach our kids, organize our business communities, Brownies, Guides, Scouts." In response, the twelve mayors of the Greater Toronto Area signed a letter dissociating themselves from Bell's comment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccnctoronto.ca/history/carolebell.shtml |title=The Carole Bell Incident |publisher=Chinese Canadian National Council Toronto Chapter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403053435/http://www.ccnctoronto.ca/history/carolebell.shtml |archive-date=2015-04-03 }}</ref>

The Chinese community continues to grow due to high rating of schools in the area as well as the ethnically Chinese population, which in early 2019 grew to 46%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/9153531--like-living-back-in-my-hometown-chinese-immigrant-immersed-in-markham/|title='Like living back in my hometown:' Chinese immigrant immersed in Markham|last=Kelly|first=Tim|date=2019-02-06|website=YorkRegion.com|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>

Chinese malls and plazas in Markham:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* First Markham Place
* [[New Kennedy Square]]
* Warden Centre
* Commerce Gate
* Metro Square
* New Century Plaza
* Peachtree Centre
* Newton Centre
* [[Pacific Mall]]
* [[Market Village|Market Village Mall]] (being replaced with [[Remington Centre]])
* [[Langham Square]]
* Denison Centre
* [[King Square Shopping Mall]]
* Alderland Centre
{{col div end}}

Chinese malls and plazas in Richmond Hill:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Times Square
* Wycliffe Village
* Shoppes of the Parkway
* Ho-View Place
* Lexus Bayview Square
* Goldenview Centre
* Jubilee Square
* Richlane
* Glen Cameron Place
{{col div end}}

===Mississauga===
[[File:Golden Square Centre in Mississauga 2022.jpg|thumb|Golden Square Centre in Mississauga]]
[[Mississauga]]'s growing Chinese population is spread out across the vast suburb, but the commercial community has been traditionally centred on the Chinese Centre, located at 888 Dundas Street East, just east of Cawthra Road.  This large complex, built in the late 1980s, was constructed to reflect China's cultural heritage; an [[paifang|elaborate gate]] greets visitors on Dundas Street, with a Nine Dragon mural just inside, while red towers with [[pagoda]]-styled roofs abound. Growth of this [[Chinatown]] is limited, but Mississauga's Chinatown remains an active community.

The second newer stretch includes markets and restaurants in [[strip mall]] plazas close to the intersection of Burnhamthorpe Rd. West at Central Parkway (near the [[Erindale GO Station]]) which remains in the growth phase catering mostly to the needs of the growing Chinese population in the city who live nearby.

Chinese malls in Mississauga:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Mississauga Chinese Centre/Sino Mall
* Golden Plaza
* Golden Square Centre
* Dixie Park
* The Chase Square
* Newin Centre
* Erindale Business Centre
* Deer Run Shopping Centre
{{col div end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|China|Hong Kong}}
*[[Fo Guang Shan Temple, Toronto]]
*[[Chinese Canadians]]
*[[Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area]]
*[[History of Chinese immigration to Canada]]
*[[Chinese head tax in Canada]]
*[[Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)]]
*[[Chinese Immigration Act of 1885]]
*[[Chinese Immigration Act, 1923]]
*[[Historical Chinatowns in Nanaimo]] & [[Chinatown, Victoria]] 
*[[Chinatown, Vancouver]]
*[[List of Chinatowns]]
*[[Standard Theatre (Toronto)|Standard Theatre]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Toronto/Kensington-Chinatown|Kensington & Chinatown}}
*[http://www.chinatownbia.com/ Chinatown Business Improvement Area]
*[http://www.toronto.ca/bia/chinatown.htm City of Toronto – Chinatown BIA]
*[http://www.toronto.ca/archives/chinesehistory.htm Local Chinese History at the City of Toronto Archives]

{{Canada Chinatown}}
{{Chinese Canadian}}

[[Category:Chinese-Canadian culture in Toronto]]
[[Category:Chinatowns in Canada|Toronto]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in Ontario]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Toronto]]