View source for China National Radio

{{short description|National radio station of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox radio network
| name = China National Radio<br>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|中央人民广播电台}}}}
| image = China National Radio headquarters (20221023154035).jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = The China National Radio Headquarters (CMG Fuxingmen Office Area)
| logo = China National Radio.svg
| logo_size = 140px
| type = 
| branding = 
| established = 
| airdate = 30 December 1940
| country = China
| headquarters = [[Beijing]], China
| broadcast_area = [[Asia-Pacific]]
| area = 
| nation = 
| regions = 
| erp = 
| owner = {{flagicon|CHN|noredlink=yes}} [[China Media Group]]<br>{{small|([[Government of the People's Republic of China]])}}
| key_people = 
| foundation = 
| launch_date = {{Start date|1949|12|5|df=y}}
| dissolved = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| replaced = 
| replaced_by = 
| former_names = {{plainlist|
* Yan'an Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Shanbei Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Peiping Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Peking Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Central People's Broadcasting Station
}}
| radio_stations = 17 terrestrial stations<br>4 digital radio channels
| callsign_meaning = 
| former_callsigns = 
| affiliation = 
| affiliates = 
| groups = 
| former_affiliations = 
| webcast = 
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes = 
}}
{{Chinese
| order = st
| s = 中央人民广播电台
| t = 中央人民廣播電台
| p = Zhōngyāng Rénmín Guǎngbō Diàntái
| l = Central People's Broadcasting Station
}}
{{Politics of China |expanded = Publicity }}

'''China National Radio''' ('''CNR'''; {{zh|s=中央人民广播电台}}) is the national [[radio network]] of China, headquartered in [[Beijing]]. CNR forms the national radio service of the state-owned [[China Media Group]] (also known as the "Voice of China").

==History==
The infrastructure began with a transmitter from [[Moscow]] to set up its first station in [[Yan'an]] (延安).  It used the [[call sign]]''' XNCR''' ("'''New China Radio'''") for broadcasts, and is the first radio station set up by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] in 1940.<ref name="Miller">[[Toby Miller|Miller, Toby]] (2003). ''Television: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies''.  Routledge Publishing.  {{ISBN|0-415-25502-3}}</ref>

In the west, it was known as the '''Yan'an New China Radio Station''' ({{zh|s=延安新华广播电台|labels=no}}) broadcasting two hours daily.<ref name="Miller" /> In China, it was called the '''Yan'an Xinhua Broadcasting Station''', which was established on 30 December 1940.<ref name="CNR">CNR website. "[http://www.cnr.cn/introduce/cnrweb/web/zytjj.html CNR website]." ''CNR introduction.'' Retrieved on 2007-04-29.</ref>

On 25 March 1949, it was renamed '''Shanbei Xinhua Broadcasting Station''' ({{zh|s=陕北新华广播电台|labels=no}}) after it departed from Yan'an. It began to broadcast in [[Beiping]] under the name of '''Peiping Xinhua Broadcasting Station''' ({{zh|s=|北平新华广播电台|labels=no}}). On December{{nbsp}}5, 1949, it was officially named to '''Central People's Broadcasting Station''', two months after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]]. The station offered 15.5 hours of daily programming broadcast to most parts of China.<ref name="Miller" />

[[Mao Zedong]] emphasized that all citizens should listen to the station on 5 May 1941.  The "Central Press and Broadcasting Bureau" was the driver in pushing all schools, army units, and public organizations of all levels to install loud public speakers and radio transmitters.<ref name="Miller" />  By the 1960s, 70 million speakers were installed reaching the rural population of 400 million.<ref name="Miller" />

The Central People's Broadcasting Station innovated wired transmissions, which were linked to the commonly found telephone poles hanging with loud speakers. Local stations were usually located in county seats or in individual factories or production brigades.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Coderre |first=Laurence |title=Newborn socialist things : materiality in Maoist China |date=2021 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4780-2161-2 |location=Durham |pages=38 |oclc=1250021710}}</ref> It was part of Mao's ideology of delivering "Politics on Demand". The station served as the headquarters for [[Propaganda in China|propaganda]] during the [[Cultural Revolution]].<ref name="Miller" />

During the Cultural Revolution, Central Radio offered extensive daily programming schedules, beginning with [[The East Is Red (song)|The East is Red]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coderre |first=Laurence |title=Newborn socialist things : materiality in Maoist China |date=2021 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4780-2161-2 |location=Durham |pages=38 |oclc=1250021710}}</ref> The majority of the daily schedule consisted of news and cultural programming, broken up with specialized programs on topics like morning calisthenics, children's shows, and broadcasts of military interest.<ref name=":0" />

The station later adopted '''China National Radio''' as its English name.<ref name="CNR" />

==Services==

===Radio stations===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Station !! Description !! Freq 
|-
| 中国之声<br>CNR-1 || Flagship radio station of CNR. Mainly news and commentaries, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 02:05-04:25 ([[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]) on every Tuesday.
Major programmes: ''[[News and Newspapers Summary]]'' (新闻和报纸摘要), ''National News Simulcast'' (全国新闻联播), ''News Live'' (新闻进行时)
| see [[The Voice of China (radio channel)#Frequency|list]]
|-
| 经济之声<br>CNR-2 || Mainly business news, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday ||
* MW: 630, 855, 900, and 1116
* SW: 3985, 6010, 9620, 12080, 15270 etc.
* FM: 96.6 in Beijing, 91.4 in Shanghai, 106.6 in Guangzhou, etc. (Frequencies on FM may vary in different cities)
|-
| 音乐之声 <br>CNR-3 || Chinese and World pop music on FM in many main cities in China, broadcasting during 05:55-00:05 next day (UTC+8, except 14:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) || FM 90.0 in Beijing, FM 107.7 in Shanghai, FM 87.4 in Guangzhou, etc. (Frequencies on FM may vary in different cities)
|-
| 经典音乐广播<br>CNR-4 || Previously known as Metro Radio (都市之声). Mainly classical, ethnic and retro music, broadcasting during 04:55-01:05 next day (UTC+8, except 13:05-16:55 on every Tuesday)|| FM 101.8 in Beijing
|-
| 台海之声<br>CNR-5 || The first Taiwan service, broadcasting in Mandarin. Mainly news, entertainment, talk, during 04:55-01:05 next day (UTC+8) ||
* MW: 549, 765, 837, and 1116
* SW: 5925, 7385, 9410, 9665, 9685, 11620,  and 11935
* FM: 102.3 in Fuzhou, Putian, eastern coastal areas of Quanzhou and Matsu; 94.9 in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, south part of Quanzhou and Kinmen
|-
|神州之声<br>CNR-6 || The second Taiwan service, broadcasting in dialects including Hakka, Southern Min and entertainment in Mandarin, during 05:55-00:05 next day (UTC+8) ||
* MW: 684, 909, and 1089
* SW: 6165, 9420, 11905, and 15710
* FM: 106.2 in Fuzhou, Putian, eastern coastal areas of Quanzhou and Matsu; 107.9 in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, south part of Quanzhou and Kinmen
|-
| 粤港澳大湾区之声<br>CNR-7 || Zhujiang delta, Hong Kong and Macao Service, broadcasting in Cantonese (some programmes may mix Mandarin), Teochew and Hakka, during 04:55-02:00 next day (UTC+8, except 14:00-17:00 on every Tuesday) ||
* MW: 1215 in Pearl River Delta
* SW: 7345, 9745, 13770, and 15550 in South China
* FM: 101.2 in Zhongshan, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong; 98.0 in Guangzhou; 93.2 in Foshan and Zhaoqing; 105.4 in Zhuhai and Macau; and 102.8 via RTHK relay
|-
| 民族之声<br>CNR-8 || The Minorities Service, including Korean and Mongolian service, broadcasting during 05:00-23:05 (UTC+8)||
* MW: 1143 (in Mongolian, airing during 05:00–14:00), 1017 and 1143 (in Korean, airing during 14:00–19:00 for 1017, and 14:00–23:00 for 1143) (transfer CRI Korean radio during 05:00–07:00, and 19:00–23:00 for 1017)
* SW: 9610 and 11810 (in Mongolian, airing during 05:00–14:00), 5975 and 9785 (in Korean, airing during 14:00–23:00)
* FM: 104.5 (in Mongolian, airing during 05:00–14:00, transfer CNR 16 on other times)

May transferred by [[Inner Mongolia Radio Broadcasting Network|IMRBN]] General News during 11:00–12:00, or by other local radio channels in Inner Mongolia. May transferred by Yanbian Korean Radio during 20:00–21:00
|-
| 文艺之声
CNR-9
| Literature and entertainment programmes, broadcasting during 05:00-02:00 next day (UTC+8, except 13:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) || FM 106.6 in Beijing
|-
| 老年之声<br>CNR-10 || For the elderly, including entertainment, health programmes, etc., broadcasting during 04:25–02:05 next day (UTC+8, except 14:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) || FM 104.4 and AM 1053 in Beijing 
|-
| 藏语广播<br>CNR-11 || Tibetan service, broadcasting during 05:55–00:05 next day (UTC+8) ||
* MW: 1098
* SW: 3990, 6010, 9480, 11685, 15570, etc.
* FM: 105.7 in Lhasa
|-
| 维吾尔语广播<br>CNR-13 || Uyghur service, broadcasting during 07:55-02:05 next day (UTC+8) ||
* MW: 1422 in Kashgar, 1098 in Beijing
* SW: 6120, 9655, 13700, 15390, etc.
|-
| 香港之声<br>CNR-14 || Broadcasting in Hong Kong only, in Mandarin, Cantonese, Teochew and Hakka, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday || on AM 675 (relayed by [[Radio Television Hong Kong|RTHK]]) and FM 87.8 in Hong Kong and Shenzhen
|-
| 中国交通广播<br>CNR-15 || Broadcasting nationwide on highways, offering highway information, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday || FM 99.6 in Beijing, Tianjin, FM 101.2 in Hebei, FM 95.5 in Shanghai, FM 90.5 in Hunan, etc. (Frequencies on FM may vary in different cities)
|-
| 中国乡村之声<br>CNR-16 || Broadcasting agricultural programmes 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday ||
* MW: 720 in Huabei

* FM: 107.9 in Donggang, 101.4 in Qingtongxia, 104.5 in Hohhot (transfer CNR 8 during 05:00–14:00)

May also transferred by some local radio stations in Guizhou, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Xinjiang, or by DTV radio functions via CDR technical
|-
| 哈萨克语广播<br>CNR-17 || Kazakh service, broadcasting during 07:55–02:05 next day (UTC+8)  ||
* MW: 1008 and 1422

* SW: 4850, 6180, 9630, 12055, etc.
* FM: 89.5 or 90.1
|}

===TV channels===
* CNR Mall: TV Shopping Channel – a joint venture with [[QVC]].<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qvc-announces-china-joint-venture-143468046.html ''QVC Announces China Joint Venture'', QVC news release via PR Newswire, Cleveland, OH, 20 March 2012]. Retrieved: 11 August 2014.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Broadcasting Corporation of China]] (First Nationalist Party Radio)
* [[China Radio International]]
* [[China Central Television]]

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category inline}}
* {{official website}}

{{China Media Group}}
{{Chinese-language radio}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{European Broadcasting Union Members}}{{National key news website}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:China National Radio|*]]
[[Category:Chinese-language radio stations]]
[[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1940]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1940]]
[[Category:Mass media in Beijing]]
[[Category:China Media Group]]