View source for Chernyshevskoye

{{Short description|Human settlement in Nesterovsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other uses of|Chernyshevsky}}
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[[File:Eitkūnai.JPG|thumb|300px|Ruins of the Protestant church]]
'''Chernyshevskoye''' ({{Langx|ru|Черныше́вское}}; {{Langx|de|Eydtkuhnen}}, from 1938: ''Eydtkau''; {{Langx|lt|Eitkūnai; {{Langx|pl|Ejtkuny}}}}) is a [[types of settlements in Russia|settlement]] in [[Nesterovsky District]] in the eastern part of [[Kaliningrad Oblast]], [[Russia]], close to the border with [[Lithuania]]. Between Chernyshevskoye and Lithuanian [[Kybartai]] is an important 24-hour border crossing point on the A229 principal road (part of the [[European route E28]]) and the railway route connecting [[Kaliningrad]] with [[Moscow]] through Lithuania and [[Belarus]].

==History==
The settlement was first mentioned in the 16th century, when the area was part of the Polish [[Duchy of Prussia]], near where its eastern border ran as stipulated by the 1422 [[Treaty of Melno]]. 
[[File:Eydtkuhnen Kirche 1909.jpg|thumb|left|Eydtkuhnen church, about 1909]]
Incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] province of [[East Prussia]], Eydtkuhnen became the eastern terminus and border station of the [[Prussian Eastern Railway]] in 1860, connecting [[Berlin]] with the [[Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway]] in the [[Russian Empire]]. To continue their voyage, passengers—e.g., of the ''[[Nord Express]]'' luxury train coming from Saint Petersburg—had to change over from Russian [[broad gauge]] to [[standard gauge]] railcars to Berlin and [[Paris]], leaving on the other side of the platform. The same interchange in the opposite direction was provided at the Russian train station in neighboring [[Virbalis]] (''Wirballen''). The Eydtkuhnen station building, erected according to plans by [[Friedrich August Stüler]], offered luxuriously furnished waiting rooms and restaurants. 

The railway connection decisively promoted Eydtkuhnen's development: the [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Neo-Romanesque]] Lutheran parish church was built according to plans by [[Friedrich Adler (architect)|Friedrich Adler]] and consecrated in 1889; the settlement received [[town privileges]] in 1922, when the population reached 10,000. Nevertheless, Eydtkuhnen was devastated during the [[Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)|Russian invasion of East Prussia]] in 1914 and again in 1945 during the [[East Prussian Offensive]] of the [[Red Army]]. After World War I and the [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|Act of Independence]], the border crossing led to Lithuania, while [[Polish Corridor|corridor]] trains provided the railway connection to Berlin.

With the implementation of the [[Oder-Neisse line]] after World War II, the area became part of the [[Soviet Union]], while the remaining German population was [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)|expelled]]. Up to today, large parts of Chernyshevskoye are a military restricted area.

==Notable people==
* [[Gertrud von Puttkamer]] (1881–1944), writer
* [[Wilhelm Gaerte]] (1890 (Eydtkuhnen) – 1958 (Hanover)), archaeologist, museum director 
* [[Felix Bressart]] (1892–1949), actor
* [[Barnett A. Elzas]] (1867–1936), rabbi and historian
* [[Herbert Kirrinnis]] (1907–1977), gymnasium teacher and historian
* [[Dieter Biallas]] (1936–2016), politician (FDP), mayor and senator in Hamburg
* [[Ernst Helmut Segschneider]] (* 1938), scientist

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Chernyshevskoye}}

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[[Category:Rural localities in Kaliningrad Oblast]]