View source for Chechnya and Ingushetia in the Soviet Union

{{Short description|History of Caucasus regions during Soviet rule}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| native_name            = <!--{{ubl|{{lang|ce|Нохч-ГӀалгӀайн ACCP}}|{{lang|inh|Нохч-ГӀалгӀай АССР}}|{{lang|ru|Чечено-Ингушская ACCP}}}}-->
| conventional_long_name = Chechen Autonomous Oblast {{nobold|(1922–1934)}}<br />Ingush Autonomous Oblast {{nobold|(1924–1934)}}<br />Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast {{nobold|(1934–1936)}}<br />Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic {{nobold|(1936–1944, 1957–1993)}}
| common_name            = Checheno-Ingush ASSR
| subdivision            = [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|Autonomous oblast of the RSFSR]]<br />[[Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics|ASSR]]
| nation                 = the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]<br />[[Republics of Russia|Republic]] of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]
| life_span              = 1922–1944<br />1957–1993
| image_flag             = Flag of Chechen-Ingush ASSR 1978.svg
| image_coat             = Emblem of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.png
| flag_type              = [[Flag of Chechnya|Flag]]
| symbol_type            = [[Emblem of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Coat of arms]]
| anthem                 = "[[My Checheno-Ingushetia]]"<br />{{lang|ru|Чечено-Ингушетия Моя}}<br />{{center|[[File:Гимн Чечено-Ингушской АССР Чечено-Ингушетия моя ( Rus sub )-HQ.ogg]]}}
| image_map              = Soviet Caucasus map.svg
| image_map_caption      = Map of the Soviet [[Caucasus]]<br />including the Checheno-Ingush ASSR
| capital                = [[Grozny]]
| government_type        = 
| motto                  = {{lang|ce|Ерриг Пачхьалкхийн Пролетареш, Цхьаьнакхета!}}<br />(''[[Workers of the world, unite!]]'')
|membership_title1 = Country
|membership1 = [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] (1922, constituent republic from 1922–1991)<br>[[Soviet Union]] (1922–1991)<br />[[History of the Russian Federation|Russian Federation]] (1991–1993)
| title_leader           = 
| leader1                = 
| year_leader1           = 
| era                    = 20th century
|event_pre = Chechen Autonomous Oblast formed
|date_pre = 30 November 1922
| event_start            = Ingush Autonomous oblast formed
| year_start             = 1924
| date_start             = 7 July
| event1                = Unification of [[Ingush Autonomous Oblast|Ingush]] and [[Chechen Autonomous Oblast|Chechen]] [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblasts]]
| date_event1            = 15 January 1934
| event2                = Elevation into an ASSR
| date_event2            = 5 December 1936
| event3                 = [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush|Liquidated]]
| date_event3            = 7 March 1944
| event4             = Autonomous Republic restored
| date_event4            = 9 January 1957
| event5                = Sovereignty declared
| date_event5            = 27 November 1990
| event6                 = Renamed the Checheno-Ingush Republic
| date_event6            = 16 May 1992
| event7                 = The Checheno-Ingush Republic divided into Ingush and Chechen [[Republics of Russia|republics]]<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=Heaney|editor-first1=Dominic|editor-last2=McIntyre|editor-first2=Philip|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oeskuLMGrTwC&pg=PA39|title=The Territories of the Russian Federation 2013|edition=14th|location=Oxfordshire|publisher=Routledge|page=39|isbn=9781857436754|issn=1465-461X}}</ref>
| date_event7            = June 1992
| event_end              = Dissolved
| year_end               = 1993
| date_end               = 9 January
| p1                     = Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic{{!}}'''1922:'''<br />Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
| flag_p1                = Flag of the Mountain ASSR (1924 possible reconstruction).png
| s1                     = Stavropol Krai{{!}}'''1944:'''<br />Stavropol Krai
| flag_s1                = Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1937–1954).svg
| s2                     = North Ossetian ASSR
| flag_s2                = Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1937–1954).svg
| s3                     = Dagestan ASSR
| flag_s3                = Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1937–1954).svg
| s4                     = Georgian SSR
| flag_s4                = Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1937–1951).svg
| s5                     = Chechen Republic of Ichkeria{{!}}'''1991:'''<br />Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
| flag_s5                = Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg
| s6                     = Ingushetia{{!}}'''1992:'''<br />Ingushetia
| flag_s6                = Flag of Ingushetia 1994.svg
| today                  = [[Russia]]<br />{{·}} [[Chechnya]]<br />{{·}} [[Ingushetia]]
| demonym                = {{ubl|Chechen|Ingush}}
}}
When the [[Soviet Union]] existed, different governments had ruled the northern Caucasus regions of [[Chechnya]] and [[Ingushetia]]. Within the [[Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]], later annexed into the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]], they were known as the '''Chechen Autonomous Oblast'''{{efn|{{langx|ru|Чеченская автономная область|Chechenskaya avtonomnaya oblast'}}, also known as the '''Autonomous Oblast of Chechnya''', {{langx|ru|автономная область Чечни|avtonomnaya oblast' Chechni}}}} and the '''Ingush Autonomous Oblast''',{{efn|{{langx|inh|ГӀалгӀай автономе область|Ġalġay avtonome oblast'}}, {{langx|ru|Ингушская автономная область|Ingushskaya avtonomnaya oblast'}}}} which were unified on January 15, 1934, to form the '''Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast'''.{{efn|{{langx|ru|Чечено-Ингушская автономная област|Checheno-Ingushskaya avtonomnaya oblast'}}}}<ref>{{Cite Russian law
|ru_entity=Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет
|ru_type=Декрет
|ru_date=30 ноября 1922 г.
|ru_title=Об образовании автономной области Чечни
|ru_url=
|en_entity=[[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]]
|en_type=Decree
|en_date=November&nbsp;30, 1922
|en_title=On the Establishment of the Autonomous Oblast of Chechnya
|en_url=
}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Большая советская энциклопедия |date=1937}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=March 2024|reason=This should point to at least one entry, not the entire encyclopedia.}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Askerov|first=Ali|date=22 April 2015|url={{Google books|L0jDCAAAQBAJ|page=76|plainurl=yes}}|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chechen Conflict|location=Lanham|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=76|isbn=9781442249257|via=Google Books}}</ref> It was elevated to an [[autonomous republics of the Soviet Union|autonomous republic]] as the '''Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic'''{{efn|{{langx|ce|Нохч-ГӀалгӀайн Автономнин Советски Социалистически Республика|Noxç-Ġalġayn Avtonomnin Sovetski Socialistiçeski Respublika}}; {{langx|inh|Нохч-ГӀалгӀай Автономе Советий Социализма Республика|Noxç-Ġalġay Avtonome Sovetiy Socializma Respublika}}; {{langx|ru|Чече́но-Ингу́шская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика|Checheno-Ingushskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika}}}} from 1936 to 1944 and again from 1957 to 1993. Its capital was [[Grozny]].

However, because of alleged collaboration with [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Axis powers]] during [[World War II]], the autonomous republic was abolished on 7 March 1944 resulting the [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush|ethnic cleansing of the Chechens and Ingush]] from its territory. The autonomous republic's status was restored in January 1957. The 1979 census reported the territory had an area of {{convert|19300|km2}} and a population of {{su-census1979|1,155,805|:}} 611,405 [[Chechens]], 134,744 [[Ingush people|Ingush]], and the rest were [[Russians]] and other ethnic groups.<ref name="Census1979" />

==History==
{{History of Chechnya}}

===Russian Empire===
The region was incorporated into the [[Russian Empire]] in 1810-1859.<ref>[https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/259042/  Исторические документы свидетельствуют о добровольном вхождении Ингушетии в состав России], ''kavkaz-uzel.eu'', 17 March 2015.</ref> In 1810 a treaty facilitated Ingushetia's further integration into Russia.<ref>[https://hiddenshell.ru/en/istoriya-ingushei-gruzinskimi-istorikami-ingushi-poddanstvo-rossiiskoi/ History of the Ingush by Georgian historians. Ingush. Citizenship of the Russian Empire], ''hiddenshell.ru''</ref> The Ingush needed an alliance with the Russians to protect their villages; at the same time, they hoped to gain political support in opposing the expansion of the [[Kabardians|Kabardian]] and Aksai princes. Finally, these agreements contributed to Ingushetia's economic development in the spread context of [[Capitalism in the nineteenth century|capitalist relations]]. The agreement of 23 August 1810 gave the Ingush the right to use the lands on the right side of the [[Terek (river)|Terek River]].<ref>Agieva, L. T., Dolgieva, M. B., Yandieva, T. U., & Teboev, I. A. (2022). [https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.12.8 Some Issues Of Socio-Economic Consequences Of Ingushetia's Accession To Russia]. In D. K. Bataev, S. A. Gapurov, A. D. Osmaev, V. K. Akaev, L. M. Idigova, M. R. Ovhadov, A. R. Salgiriev, & M. M. Betilmerzaeva (Eds.), ''Knowledge, Man and Civilization'' - ISCKMC 2022, vol 129. ''European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences'' (pp. 62-71). European Publisher.</ref>

In 1859 historical [[Chechnya]] was annexed to Russia as well, in the context of the long [[Caucasian War]] of 1817–64.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Doku-Umarov Chechnya], ''britannica.com''</ref>

===Soviet period===
After the [[Russian Revolution]] of 1917, on January 20, 1921, Chechnya and Ingushetia joined the [[Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]]. Partition of the Mountain ASSR began shortly after it was formed, and its Chechen District was separated on November 30, 1922, as [[Chechen Autonomous Oblast]]. On July 7, 1924, the remains of the Mountain ASSR were split into [[North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast]] and [[Ingush Autonomous Oblast]]. On January 15, 1934, Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Oblasts were joined into [[Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast]], which was elevated in status to that of an ASSR ('''Checheno-Ingush ASSR''') on December 5, 1936.

===World War II===
During [[World War II]], in 1942–43, the republic was partly occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] while 40,000{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} Chechens fought in the [[Red Army]]. On March 7, 1944, on the orders of [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]], the republic was disbanded and its [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush|population forcibly deported]] upon the accusations of [[Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union|collaboration]] with the [[Axis powers]] and [[separatism]].<ref name="Abolish">{{Cite Russian law|ru_entity=Президиум Верховного Совета СССР
|ru_type=Указ
|ru_date=7 марта 1944 г
|ru_title=[[s:ru:Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 07.03.1944 о ликвидации Чечено-Ингушской АССР и об административном устройстве ее территории|О ликвидации Чечено-Ингушской АССР и об административном устройстве её территории]]
|en_entity=Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
|en_type=Decree
|en_date=7 March 1944
|en_title=On Abolishment of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and on the Administrative Structure of Its Territory
}}</ref> The territory of the ASSR was divided between [[Stavropol Krai]] (where [[Grozny Oblast]] was formed), the [[Dagestan ASSR]], the [[North Ossetian ASSR]], and the [[Georgian SSR]] where the extra territory was known as the Akhalkhevi District until 1957.<ref>''The Geography of Georgia: Problems and Perspectives'' Bondyrev, Davitashvili & Singh, p25</ref>

===Post-war period===
On January 9, 1957, [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khruschev]] implemented a policy which allowed deportees and their families to return, and the republic was [[Restoration of Chechen-Ingush autonomy|restored]].<ref name="Reinstate">{{Cite Russian law
|ru_entity=Президиум Верховного Совета СССР
|ru_type=Указ
|ru_date=9 января 1957 г
|ru_title=[[s:ru:Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 09.01.1957 о восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР в составе РСФСР|О восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР и упразднении Грозненской области]]
|en_entity=Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
|en_type=Decree
|en_date=9 January 1957
|en_title=On Reinstatement of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and on Abolishment of Grozny Oblast
}}</ref>

===The collapse of Checheno-Ingushetia===
{{See also|First Chechen War|Second Chechen War}}
{{Main article|Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic}}
On November 27, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted a declaration on the state sovereignty of the Checheno-Ingush Republic,<ref>[https://chechenlaw.ru/?p=55 Декларация о государственном суверенитете Чечено-Ингушской республики]</ref> and on May 24, 1991, according to the amendments to Art. 71 of the Constitution of the RSFSR, the autonomous republic began to be called the '''Checheno-Ingush SSR'''.<ref>[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183124/ Закон РСФСР от 24 мая 1991 года «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) РСФСР»]</ref> This decision before the dissolution of the USSR (December 1991) was not consistent with Art. 85 of the Constitution of the USSR, which retained the name of the '''Checheno-Ingush ASSR'''.<ref>[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/red_1977/1549448/ Конституция СССР в редакции от 26 декабря 1990 г.]</ref>

On June 8, 1991, at the initiative of [[Dzhokhar Dudayev]], a part of the delegates of the First Chechen National Congress gathered in Grozny, which proclaimed itself the [[All-National Congress of the Chechen People]] (OKChN).<ref name="igpi.ru">[http://www.igpi.ru/monitoring/1047645476/oct_97/chechen.html Чеченская Республика Ичкерия. Общий обзор] // IGPI.RU</ref><ref name="versia.ru">[https://versia.ru/v-1991-godu-usmirit-chechnyu-mozhno-bylo-silami-specnaza Десять дней, которые отменили мир]</ref> Following this, was proclaimed the [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho)]],<ref>[https://chechenlaw.ru/?p=749 РЕШЕНИЕ ОБЩЕНАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО КОНГРЕССА (СЪЕЗДА) ЧЕЧЕНСКОГО НАРОДА (г. Грозный, 8 июня 1991 г.)]</ref><ref>[http://www.knowbysight.info/1_RSFSR/09176.asp Чеченская Республика Нохчи-чо]</ref> and the leaders of the Supreme Soviet of the republic were declared "usurpers".<ref name="versia.ru" />

[[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|The events of August 19–22, 1991 in Moscow]] became the catalyst for a socio-political explosion in Checheno-Ingushetia. The organizer and leader of the mass movement was the executive committee of the OKChN headed by Dzhokhar Dudaev. After the failure of the GKChP, the executive committee of the OKChN and organizations of the national-radical wing came forward with a demand for the resignation of the Supreme Soviet of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and the holding of new elections. On September 1–2, the 3rd session of the OKChN declared the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic "deposed" and transferred all power in the Chechen part of the republic to the executive committee of the OKChN.<ref name="igpi.ru" />

On September 6, 1991, Dudayev announced the dissolution of the republican power structures.<ref name="versia.ru" /> Armed supporters of OKChN occupied the building of the TV center and the House of Radio,<ref name="versia.ru" /> took by storm the House of Political Education, where the meeting of the Supreme Council was held.<ref name="igpi.ru" /> On this day, the Supreme Soviet met in full force, heads of local councils, clergy, and heads of enterprises were invited for consultations. Dudayev and other leaders of the OKChN decided to take the building by storm. More than 40 deputies of the Checheno-Ingush parliament were beaten, and the chairman of the Grozny City Council, Vitaly Kutsenko, was thrown out of the window by the separatists, and then finished off in the hospital.<ref name="versia.ru" /> [[Doku Zavgayev]] resigned from the post of chairman of the Supreme Council of Checheno-Ingushetia under pressure from protesters.<ref>''Зайченко Григорий'' [https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/738 Чечено-Ингушетия: кунаки Ельцина взяли власть]</ref>

On September 15, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR [[Ruslan Khasbulatov]] arrived in Grozny.<ref name="igpi.ru" /> Under his leadership in the absence of a quorum<ref>Комиссия Говорухина. — С. 18. — М. : Издательство "Лавента", 1995. — 176 с.</ref> the last session of the Supreme Soviet of the republic was held, at which the deputies decided to dissolve the parliament.<ref name="igpi.ru" /> As a result of negotiations between Khasbulatov and the leaders of the executive committee of the OKChN as a temporary authority for the period before the elections (scheduled for November 17) the Provisional Supreme Council of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR was formed of 32 deputies,<ref name="igpi.ru" /> reduced shortly to 13 deputies,<ref>''Ойховиков Андрей, Сигал Лев'' [https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1097 Чечено-Ингушетия провозгласила независимость от России и Союза]</ref> then up to 9.<ref name="igpi.ru" /> Dudaev's ally Khusein Akhmadov was elected chairman of the Provisional Supreme Council of Checheno-Ingushetia. Assistant to Khasbulatov Yuri Cherny became the deputy chairman of the council.<ref name="igpi.ru" />

By the beginning of October 1991, a conflict arose in the Provisional High Council between supporters of the OKChN (4 members, headed by Khusein Akhmadov) and his opponents (5 members, headed by Yuri Cherny). Akhmadov, on behalf of the entire Council, issued a number of laws and decrees that created the legal basis for the activities of the executive committee of the OKChN as the supreme authority, on October 1, announced the division of the Checheno-Ingush Republic into an independent Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho) and the Ingush Autonomous Republic within the RSFSR.<ref name="igpi.ru" />

On October 5, 7 out of 9 members of the Provisional Supreme Council made a decision on the resignation of Akhmedov and on the abolition of illegal acts. On the same day, the National Guard of the executive committee of the OKChN seized the building of the House of Trade Unions, in which the Council sat, and also seized the building of the KGB of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR.<ref name="igpi.ru" /> On October 6, the executive committee of the OKChN announced the dissolution of the Provisional Supreme Council "for subversive and provocative activities". The Council did not comply with this decision and the very next day made a decision to resume activity in full force (32 deputies). Lawyer Badruddin Bakhmadov was elected as the new chairman.<ref name="igpi.ru" />

On October 8, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR declared the Provisional Supreme Soviet to be the only legitimate body of state power on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia until the election of a new composition of the Supreme Soviet of the republic.<ref>[https://www.lawmix.ru/expertlaw/272985 Постановление Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 8 октября 1991 года № 1723-I «О политической ситуации в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»]</ref>

On October 27, 1991, under the control of supporters of the OKChN<ref name="versia.ru" /> in the Chechen part of the republic, [[1991 Chechen presidential election|presidential]] and parliamentary elections were held for the Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho). Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected President of the self-proclaimed republic.<ref name="igpi.ru" /><ref>''Глебов Роман'' [https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1251 Выборы в Чеченской республике]</ref> The results of the elections were not recognized by the Council of Ministers of Checheno-Ingushetia, heads of enterprises and departments, heads of a number of regions of the autonomous republic.<ref name="igpi.ru" /> On November 2, 1991, by the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, these elections were declared illegal.<ref>[http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901606038 Постановление Съезда народных депутатов РСФСР от 2 ноября 1991 года № 1847-I «О признании незаконными выборов, проведенных 27 октября 1991 года в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»]</ref> The structures of previous power remained for several months after the September coup of Dudayev. Thus, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB of Checheno-Ingushetia were abolished only by the end of 1991.<ref name="pravda.ru">[https://www.pravda.ru/accidents/06-09-2001/832840-0/ ДЕСЯТЬ ЛЕТ НАЗАД БЫЛ РАЗОГНАН ВЕРХОВНЫЙ СОВЕТ ЧЕЧЕНО-ИНГУШЕТИИ. ДЖОХАР ДУДАЕВ ВОСПОЛЬЗОВАЛСЯ БЕЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ]</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2023}}

On November 7, the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin issued a decree declaring a state of emergency on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia.<ref>[http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/390 Указ Президента РСФСР от 7 ноября 1991 года № 178 «О введении чрезвычайного положения в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»]</ref> However, practical measures to implement it have failed. Two planes with special forces that landed at the airfield in Khankala were blocked by Chechen separatists.<ref name="memo.ru">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170119162608fw_/http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/chechen/itogi/xp90.htm РОССИЯ-ЧЕЧНЯ: цепь ошибок и преступлений]</ref> Leaders of anti-Dudayev parties and movements went over to the side of Chechen separatists. The Provisional Supreme Council of Checheno-Ingushetia and its militia disintegrated in the first days of the crisis.<ref name="igpi.ru" /><ref name="memo.ru" />

On November 8, Chechen guards blocked the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB, as well as military camps.<ref name="versia.ru" />

On November 11, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR refused to approve the decree of President Yeltsin on the introduction of a state of emergency in Checheno-Ingushetia.<ref>[http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901606876 Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 11 ноября 1991 года N 1855-I "Об Указе Президента РСФСР от 7 ноября 1991 г. «О введении чрезвычайного положения в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»]</ref>

November 30 – December 1, 1991 in three Ingush regions of Checheno-Ingushetia – Malgobek, Nazran and Sunzhensky – a referendum was held on the creation of the Ingush Republic within the RSFSR. 75% of the Ingush population took part in the referendum, 90% were in favor.<ref name="memo.ru" />

As a result of the [[Chechen Revolution]] the Checheno-Ingushetia was de facto divided into the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and Ingushetia,<ref name="igpi.ru" /> which remained outside the territorial-administrative division.<ref name="pravda.ru" />{{better source needed|date=September 2023}}

On May 16, 1992, according to the amendment to the Constitution of the RSFSR, the de facto disintegrated Checheno-Ingush SSR received the name '''Checheno-Ingush Republic'''.<ref>[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183094/ Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики»] // «Российская газета», 16 мая 1992 года, № 111 (447), с. 3–5</ref>

On June 4, 1992, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation adopted the Law on the Education of the Ingush Republic.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901607658 | title = Закон РФ от 04 июня 1992 года № 2927-1 "Об образовании Ингушской Республики в составе Российской Федерации"}}</ref> The creation of the republic was submitted for approval by the supreme authority of Russia – the Congress of People's Deputies.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://docs.cntd.ru/document/499058691 | title = Постановление Верховного Совета РФ от 04 июня 1992 г. "О порядке введения в действие Закона Российской Федерации "Об образовании Ингушской Республики в составе Российской Федерации""}}</ref> On December 10, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the formation of the Ingush Republic by its resolution<ref>[http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=110&issid=1101992052000&docid=700 Постановление Съезда народных депутатов Российской Федерации от 10 декабря 1992 г. № 4070-I «О Законе Российской Федерации "Об образовании Ингушской Республики в составе Российской Федерации"»]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and made a corresponding amendment to the [[Russian Constitution of 1978|Constitution of the RSFSR 1978]], which officially divided the Checheno-Ingush Republic into the [[Ingush Republic]] and the [[Chechen Republic]].<ref>[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183098/ Закон Российской Федерации от 10 декабря 1992 г. N 4071-I «О внесении изменений в статью 71 Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Федерации – России»]</ref> This amendment was published on December 29, 1992, in the "[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]" and entered into force on January 9, 1993, after 10 days from the date of official publication.<ref>[http://www.politika.su/doc/zak90a.html Законы РСФСР/РФ 1990—1993 и поправки к ним до весны 1995]</ref>

==Demographics==
*'''Vital statistics'''

:Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Births
! Deaths
! Birth rate
! Death rate
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 22,651
| align="right" | 6,075
| align="right" | 21.2
| align="right" | 5.7
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 22,783
| align="right" | 6,469
| align="right" | 20.4
| align="right" | 5.8
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 24,291
| align="right" | 7,711
| align="right" | 20.7
| align="right" | 6.6
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 30,745
| align="right" | 10,170
| align="right" | 25.0
| align="right" | 8.3
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 31,993
| align="right" | 11,039
| align="right" | 28.2
| align="right" | 9.7
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 31,498
| align="right" | 11,081
| align="right" | 26.3
| align="right" | 9.2
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 28,875
| align="right" | 10,666
| align="right" | 23.1
| align="right" | 8.5
|}

*'''Ethnic groups'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! 1926 census<sup>1</sup>
! 1939 census
! 1959 census
! 1970 census
! 1979 census
! 1989 census
! 2002 census<sup>1</sup>
|-
| [[Chechens]]
|align="right" | 295,762 (61.4%)
|align="right" | 368,446 (52.9%)
|align="right" | 243,974 (34.3%)
|align="right" | 508,898 (47.8%)
|align="right" | 611,405 (52.9%)
|align="right" | 734,501 (57.8%)
|align="right" | 1,127,050 (71.7%)
|-
| [[Ingushes]]
|align="right" | 70,084 (14.5%)
|align="right" | 83,798 (12.0%)
|align="right" | 48,273 (6.8%)
|align="right" | 113,675 (10.7%)
|align="right" | 134,744 (11.7%)
|align="right" | 163,762 (12.9%)
|align="right" | 363,971 (23.2%)
|-
| [[Russians]]
|align="right" | 78,196 (16.2%)
|align="right" | 201,010 (28.8%)
|align="right" | 348,343 (49.0%)
|align="right" | 366,959 (34.5%)
|align="right" | 336,044 (29.1%)
|align="right" | 293,771 (23.1%)
|align="right" | 46,204 (2.9%)
|-
| Others
|align="right" | 38,038 (7.9%)
|align="right" | 43,761 (6.3%)
|align="right" | 69,834 (9.8%)
|align="right" | 74,939 (7.0%)
|align="right" | 73,612 (6.4%)
|align="right" | 78,395 (6.2%)
|align="right" | 33,755 (2.1%)
|}
# Combined results of [[Chechnya]] and [[Ingushetia]]

==Maps==
<gallery>
File:Ingush Autonomous Oblast.jpg|Map of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast
File:Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast (1934–1936).svg|Map of Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[History of Chechnya]]
*[[List of leaders of Communist Chechnya]]
**[[Checheno-Ingush Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
*[[National liberation struggle of the Ingush people]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/genko-a-n-iz-kulturnogo-proshlogo-ingushej-1930/|title=Из культурного прошлого ингушей|last=Генко|first=А. Н|publisher=Издательство Академии наук СССР|year=1930|location=Ленинград|language=ru|trans-title=|pages=681–761}}

{{Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union}}

{{coord|43.3167|N|45.6833|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic}}
[[Category:Autonomous republics of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Politics of Chechnya]]
[[Category:History of Chechnya]]
[[Category:Politics of Ingushetia]]
[[Category:History of Ingushetia]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1922]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1936]]
[[Category:1936 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1993 disestablishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Former socialist republics]]