View source for Charukesi

{{Short description|Melody in Carnatic music}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Charukesi
| synonym       =
| image_name    =
| image_alt     =
| mela          =
| chakra        =
| type          =
| arohanam      = {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|D1|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam    = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva         =
| chhaya        =
| nyasa         =
| vishesha      =
| equivalent    = [[Aeolian dominant scale]]
| similar       =
}}
{{Carnatic}} 
'''Charukesi''' (pronounced chārukēś‌i) is a [[rāga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 26th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called '''Tarangini''' in [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of Carnatic music.

''Charukesi'' is used in devotional music. Its mood is poignant and the raga is usually easily identified.

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[Image:Charukesi scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Charukesi'' scale with Shadjam at C]]

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 5th ''chakra Bana''. The mnemonic name is ''Bana-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ri gu ma pa dha ni''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
(''chathusruthi rishabham, anthara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, kaisiki nishadham'')

It is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] - a rāgam that has all seven ''[[swara]]s'' (notes). It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Rishabhapriya]]'', which is the 62nd ''melakarta''.

The structure is the equivalent of an [[Aeolian dominant scale]], also known as the Mixolydian b-6 scale.

== ''Janya'' rāgams ==
There are only a few minor ''[[janya]]'' rāgams (derived scales) associated with ''Charukesi''. See full [[List of Janya Ragas#Charukesi|list of ''janya'' rāgams]] associated with it.

== Popular compositions ==
*''Adamodi Galade'' by [[Thyagaraja]]
*''Karunai Varumo'' and ''Enna Thavam Seidheno'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]] 
*''Kripaya Palaya'', ''Jamuna Kinare'' and ''Karunanidhan'' by Maharaja [[Swati Tirunal]]
*''Onde Mandalli'', ''Barayya Venkataramana'' and ''Samanyavalla Srihariya Seve'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Innum En Manam(Pada[[varnam]])'' by [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]] 
*''Andarilo Ranga([[varnam]])'' by Nallan Chakravarthy Murthy
*''Palayamam Parameswari'' by  [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] 
*''Neere Torele'' by [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
*''Aayiram Aayiram'' by [[Ambujam Krishna]]
*''Paradevim Upasmahe and Thunai Neeye Kumara'' by [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
*''Innum Enna Sodhanai'' by [[Shuddhananda Bharati]]
*''Mayil Meedu Viraindodi'' by Calcutta Gurumoorthy
*''Mayileri Oyilai'' by Arasi(Rajee Krishnan)
*''Saketha Rama'' by [[Chowdiah]]
*''Neethan Appa'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]
*''[[Tillana]]'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]
*''[[Tillana]]'' by [[Maharajapuram Santhanam]]
*''[[Tillana]]'' by Dr. G. Baby Sreeram
*''[[Tillana]]'' by Dr. Kollam G. S. Balamurali

Many compositions exist amongst modern adaptations of ''Charukesi'', especially in Indian movies, in ''[[film songs]]''. Examples are the songs
''Ammamma kelladi thozhi'' from [[Karuppu panam]] by [[M.S.Viswanathan]] ''Dhaandiya Aattam'' from the movie [[Kadhalar Dhinam]], ''Vasanta mullai poalae'' from the movie ''Sarangadara'', ''Edho Edho Ondru'' from the movie ''Enakku Iruvathu, Unakku Padhinettu'', ''Aadal Kalaye'' from [[Sri Raghavendra]] and ''Udaya Udaya'' from another ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]''. In Hindi movies ''Ahista Ahista'' from the movie [[Swades]], ''Teri Umeed Tera Intezar'' from the movie [[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]], ''Aye Kash Kavi Aisa Hota'' from the movie ''[[Mohra]]'', are in Charukesi. Another composition in this raaga is the song ''Bombe Aatavaiyya'' from the [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] starrer Kannada movie [[Shruthi Seridaaga]]. Arguably the best rendition of Charukesi in a Hindi movie is ''Baiyya Na Dharo'' sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and composed by [[Madan Mohan]] from the movie [[Dastak (1970 film)|Dastak]].  ''Charukesi'' is also popular in [[Hindustani music]].

Bhavgeet ''He Surano Chandra Vha'' composed by [[Jitendra Abhisheki|Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki]] and ghazal ''Main Hosh Mein Tha'' performed by [[Mehdi Hassan]] are other well known examples of Charukesi.

In [[Malayalam]], one of the all-time greatest songs is in Charukesi: 'Akale akale neelaakaasam' (from the movie 'Midumidukki', 1968). This was composed by Baburaj and sung by Yesudas and S. Janaki. There are claims that this raga is actually a very rare janya raga of Charukesi, Ushaabharanam (s g m d p m d n s / s n d p m g r g m r s). There are other great Charukesi compositions in Malayalam Films like Krishna Kripa Saagaram from Sargam sung by Yesudas and Chitra. Yaathrayai from Aayiram Para by Yesudas, Pooja Bimbam Mizhi from Harikrishnans by Yesudas and Chitra and Swapnam Thejichal from Rakshasa Raajavau by Yesudas to mention a few.

In the 2012 release of his devotional album on Lord [[Ayyappan]] ''Sabarimalai Va Charanam Solli Va'', ace singer [[P. Unni Krishnan]] renders a song on Raga Charukesi, Uthirathil Udhithavane Sol, signifying the Lord's birth star UTHIRAM.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Uthirathil-Udhithavane/dp/B00ABL70PG Devotional song on Charukesi by P. Unni Krishnan]</ref> This album was composed and released by Manachanallur Giridharan, a noted music director from Tamil Nadu.

In western music, charukesi like structures are encountered in [[Franz Schubert]]'s famous Impromptu C Minor Allegro molto moderato and also in Russian Composer [[Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov]]'s 'Procession of the Sardar' from his Orchestral Suite, ''[[Caucasian Sketches]]''.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Manmadha Leelayai Vendrar Undo
|[[Haridas (1944 film)|Haridas]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Neeyegadhi Eswari
|[[Annaiyin Aanai]]
|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
|[[P. Leela]]
|-
|Vasandha Mullai Polae
|[[Sarangadhara (1958 film)|Sarangadhara]]
|rowspan="2"|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Aadal Kaaneero
|[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)]]
|[[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
|-
|Ammamma Keladi
|[[Karuppu Panam]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|[[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
|Vellimalai Mannava
|[[Kandhan Karunai]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[S. Varalakshmi]]
|-
|Thungadha Kannendru
|[[Kungumam (film)]]
| rowspan="3" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Azhagiya Thamizh Magal
|[[Rickshawkaran]]
| rowspan="9" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Moondru Tamizh Thondriyadhu
|[[Pillaiyo Pillai]]
|-
|Muthukulikka Vaareergala
|[[Anubavi Raja Anubavi]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Ammamma Thambi
|[[Rajapart Rangadurai]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Paal Polave ''(Ragam Sarasangi also)''
|[[Uyarndha Manithan]]
|rowspan=2|[[P. Susheela]] ''(Won National Award for 1st song)''
|-
|Varasolladi 
|[[Paadhukaappu]]
|-
|Mangala Mangaiyum
|[[Neela Vaanam]]
|[[P. Susheela]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
|Muthu Tharagai
|[[Oru Kai Osai]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Nambhikai Vaithuvidu
|Silambu
|rowspan="5"|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Kaatrinile
|Thulabharam
|[[G. Devarajan]]
|-
|Nilaimaarum Ulagil
|[[Oomai Vizhigal]]
|[[Manoj–Gyan]]
|-
|Chandirane Suriyane
|[[Amaran (1992 film)|Amaran]]
|[[Adithyan]]
|-
|Aadal Kalaiye
|[[Sri Raghavendrar]]
|rowspan="15"|[[Illayaraja]]
|-
|Siriya Paravai
|[[Andha Oru Nimidam]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Sakarakatti
|[[Ulle Veliye]]
|-
|Vaanathula Velli
|[[Enga Ooru Mappillai]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Enna Marantha
|[[Pandithurai]]
|-
|Pothukkittu Oothuthadi
|[[Paayum Puli (1983 film)|Paayum Puli]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Chinna Ponnu
|[[Aruvadai Naal]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Petha Manasu
|[[Enne Petha Raasa]]
|[[Illayaraja]]
|-
|Arumbhagi Mottagi
|[[Enga Ooru Kavalkaran]]
|[[Deepan Chakravarthy]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Mayaginen solla
|[[Naane Raja Naane Mandhiri]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Vatti Edutha
|[[Gramatthu Minnal]]
|[[Illayaraja]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Vaanil Vedivelli
|[[Honest Raj]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Thoodhu Selvadharadi
|[[Singaravelan]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Uyire Uyirin
|[[En Bommukutty Ammavukku]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Manamalayum Manjalum
|[[Vaathiyaar Veettu Pillai]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Samsaram Adhu
|[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|-
|Udhaya Udhaya
|[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]
|rowspan="5"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Yedho Yedho
|[[Enakku 20 Unakku 18]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Gopika Poornima]]
|-
|Thai Sonna
|[[Swades|Desam]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Madhushree]]
|-
|Rasiga Rasiga
|[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Uyire Uyire ''(Charanam only)''
|[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Kann Imaikkamal
|[[Ragasiya Police]]
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]],[[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|En Rasathi Nee Vazhanum
|Oomai Kuil
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Senthoora Pandikku
|[[Senthoorapandi]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Kadhala Kadhala
|[[Avvai Shanmughi]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Mundhiriya	
|rowspan=2|[[Natpukkaga]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Meesaikkaara Nanbaa
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]],Krishnaraj(Pathos)
|-
|Poravale Ponnuthayi
|[[Rayilukku Neramachu]]
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Pollachi Elaneere
|[[Attahasam]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
|[[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|Thayyatha Thayyatha
|[[Thiruttu Payale]]
|[[Sadhana Sargam]],Reshmi, Amalraj
|-
|Thalaattum Kaatre Vaa
(Mathaymavathi touches also)
|[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]
|rowspan=2|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|Kaadhal Vandhaal
|[[Iyarkai]]
|[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]],[[Manikka Vinayagam]]
|-
|Nenjil Nenjil
|[[Engeyum Kadhal]]
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
|Aaruyire Aaruyire
|[[Madrasapattinam]]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Saindhavi]]
|-
|Idhu Enna Valiyo
|Nandhanam
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
|Vinaa Vinaa
|[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]
|[[Ghibran]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Neelangaraiyil
|[[Pulivaal]]
|[[N. R. Raghunanthan]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Saindhavi]]
|-
|Usure Usure
|[[Karuppan]]
|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Ananya Bhat]]
|}

=== : [[Hindi]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#f4a860" |Song
!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie
!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer
!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers
|-
|Bedardi Balama
|[[Arzoo (1965 film)]]
|[[Shankar–Jaikishan]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Bainya Na Dharo
|[[Dastak (1970 film)]]
|[[Madan Mohan (composer)]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Akele Hain Chale Ao
|[[Raaz (1967 film)]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
|Bekhudi Mein Sanam
|[[Haseena Maan Jayegi]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
|Chhod De Saari Duniya Kisi Ke Liye
|[[Saraswatichandra (film)]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] 
|-
|Ek Tu Jo Mila
|[[Himalay Ki God Mein]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] 
|-
|Jaan-E-Jaana
|[[Janbaaz]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Sapna Mukherjee]] & Mahesh Gadhavai
|-
|Mere Hamsafar
|[[Mere Humsafar]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Mukesh (singer)]]
|-
|Koi Jab Tumhara Hriday Tood De
|[[Purab Aur Paschim]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Mukesh (singer)]]
|-
|Mohabbat Ke Suhane Din
|[[Maryada (1971 film)]]
|[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
|Chalo Sajna Jahaan Tak
|[[Mere Hamdam Mere Dost]]
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Megha Re Megha Re
|[[Pyaasa Sawan]]
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
|Shyam Teri Bansi Pukare Radha Naam
|[[Geet Gaata Chal]]
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|[[Aarti Mukherjee]] & [[Jaspal Singh (singer)]]
|-
|Teri Ummid Tera Intzaar Karte Hai
|[[Deewana (1992 film)]]
|[[Nadeem–Shravan]]
|[[Kumar Sanu]] & [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|}

=== Language : [[Kannada]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#f4a860" |Song
!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie
!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer
!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers
|-
|"Balegara Chennaiah"
|Mysore Mallige(1992 film)
|[[C. Ashwath]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|}

=== Language : [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#f4a860" |Song
!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie
!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer
!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers
|-
|"Vrepalle Vechenu Venuvu Vechenu"
|[[Sarada (1973 film)]]
|[[K. Chakravarthy]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|}

== Non Film Songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Album
!Composer
!Lyricist 
!Singer
!Audio Label 
|-
|O Nanna Chethana
|[[Kannada]]
|Bhava Taranga
|Mahesh Mahadev
|[[Kuvempu]]
|[[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|PM Audios
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Album
!Composer
!Lyricist 
!Singer
!Audio Label 
|-
|Hey Suranno Chandra Vha
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| -
|Pt. Jeetendra Abhisheki ji
|Kusumagraz
|Pt. Jeetendra Abhisheki
| - 
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Album
!Composer
!Lyricist 
!Singer
!Audio Label 
|-
|Yaar Aval
|Instrumental
|Kanavugal
|[[Tariq Hisny|Tariq]]
|{{N/A}}
|{{N/A}}
|Utopia NH7 Music
|}

== Related rāgams ==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Charukesi's notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 3 other major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, ''[[Vachaspati (ragam)|Vachaspati]]'', ''[[Natakapriya]]'' and ''[[Gourimanohari]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration, see ''[[Graha bhedam#Vachaspati|Graha bhedam on Vachaspati]]''.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/film_song_raga/charukesi.shtml Film Songs (Hindi) in Charukesi]

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]