View source for Changdao County

{{Short description|Former county in Shandong, China}}
{{hatnote|This article is about the former county in Shandong. For the Tang-era district known as Changdao (''{{lang|zh-hant|長道}}''), see [[Li County, Gansu]].}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|conventional_long_name=Changdao County
|native_name={{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|长岛县}}}}
|common_name=Changdao
|subdivision=[[County (People's Republic of China)|County]]
|nation=[[China]]
|p1=
|flag_p1=
|flag_s1=
|image_flag=
|image_coat=
|image_map=ChinaYantaiChangdao.png
|image_map_caption= Location in Shandong
|capital=
|date_start=
|year_start=1956
|date_end=
|year_end=2020
|political_subdiv=
|stat_area1=56
|today=[[Penglai District]], Yantai
|demonym=
|s2=Changdao County
}}
'''Changdao County''' ({{zh|s=长岛县 |t=長島縣 |p=Chángdǎo Xiàn |l=Long Island County}}) was a [[County (People's Republic of China)|county]] in [[Yantai]], a prefectural area of [[Shandong]] in the [[People's Republic of China]].  It consists of the '''Changshan Islands''' within the [[Bohai Strait]], directly north of [[Penglai, Shandong|Penglai]]. They are known for their sandy beaches and picturesque limestone cliffs.<ref>[http://grahambond.blogspot.com/2005_09_01_archive.html Bond, Graham (10 September 2005) "Military Secrets" ''A'Wandering: News, Opinion and Reports from the Road'']</ref> The total land area measured  {{convert|56|sqkm|sp=us|sigfig=2}} and the coastline {{convert|146|km|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. The population in 2020 was 40,898. In 2020, Changdao County was merged to Penglai county-level city and became [[Penglai District]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=蓬莱区，来了！_媒体_澎湃新闻-The Paper|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_7949672|access-date=2022-02-09|website=thepaper.cn}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Changshan Islands.jpg|thumb|[[Sentinel-2]] view of main Changshan Islands in 2021.]]
The '''Changshan Islands''' ({{zh|s=[[:zh:长山列岛|长山列岛]]|t={{linktext|長山|列島}}|p=Chángshān lièdǎo}}), also known as the '''Temple Islands''' or '''Miaodao Archipelago''' ({{zh|labels=no |t={{linktext|廟島|群島}} |s={{linktext|庙岛|群岛}} |p=Miàodǎo qúndǎo}}) are an [[archipelago]] of 32 islands located across the southern portion of the [[Bohai Strait]], the [[waterway]] connecting the [[Bohai Sea]] to the [[Yellow Sea]], collectively named after the two largest islands.  In Chinese, they are also known as the "Long Islands" ({{zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|長島}}|s={{linktext|长岛}}|p=Chángdǎo}}), and anciently as the "Sandy Gate Islands" ({{zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|沙門|島}}|s={{linktext|沙门|岛}}|p=Shāmén dǎo}}).

The islands are located between Jiaodong and Liaodong Peninsula, at the confluence of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. They face Yantai in the south, Dalian in the north, Beijing and Tianjin in the west, and South Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea in the east.

===Islands===
There are 32 islands in the Changshan Islands, 10 of them have permanent residential settlements. These islands were mostly formed by [[Proterozoic]] low-grade [[metamorphic rocks]], with smaller amounts of [[Tertiary period|Tertiary]] [[igneous rocks]] and [[Quaternary]] [[sedimentary rocks]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Chinese Name !! Length (km) !! Width (km) !! Area (km2) !! Shoreline (km) !! Maximum elevation (m)
|-
|South Changshan Island ||南长山岛||7.22||4||12.8||20.02||156.1
|-
|North Changshan Islands ||北长山岛||5.1||2.6||7.87||13.8||195.7
|-
|Greater Heishan Island ||大黑山岛||4.22||2.7||7.47||12.03||189
|-
|Lesser Heishan Island ||小黑山岛||1.9||0.85||1.29||5.3||95.1
|-
|Miao Island (Temple Island)||庙岛||2.65||1.1||1.43||6.7||98.3
|-
|Tuoji Island||砣矶岛||4.75||3.9||7.05||17.68||198.9
|-
|Greater Qin Island||大钦岛||4.9||2||6.44||14.55||202.44
|-
|Lesser Qin Island||小钦岛||2||0.85||1.11||6.44||148.9
|-
|South Huangcheng Island||南隍城岛||3.1||1.6||1.83||12.09||100.9
|-
|North Huangcheng Island||北隍城岛||2.85||1.9||2.62||10.32||159.8
|-
|Yulin Island (Fish Scales Island)||鱼鳞岛||0.17||0.1||0.01||0.38||19.5
|-
|South Tuozi Island||南砣子岛||0.86||0.4||0.138||2.31||15.1
|-
|Niutuozi Island (Ox Rocky Island)||牛砣子岛||0.55||0.35||0.11||1.38||26.4
|-
|Yangtuozi Island (Goat Rocky Island)||羊砣子岛||0.55||0.35||0.11||1.38||26.4
|-
|Shaobing Island (Pancake Island)||烧饼岛||0.14||0.1||0.02||0.38||19.6
|-
|Lijupa Island||犁犋把岛||0.19||0.08||0.01||0.4||22.4
|-
|Xie Island (Scorpins Island)||蝎岛||0.1||0.045||0.004||0.21||9.8
|-
|Houji Island||猴矶岛||1.1||0.47||0.28||2.75||92.9
|-
|Lesser Houji Island||小猴矶岛||0.04||0.025||0.0009||0.22||23.3
|-
|Gaoshan Island||高山岛||1.3||0.7||0.46||3.55||202.8
|-
|Lesser Gaoshan Island||小高山岛||0.035||0.025||0.0008||0.22||12.6
|-
|Greater Zhushan Island||大竹山岛||2.1||1.2||1.49||5.2||194.5
|-
|Lesser Zhushan Island||小竹山岛||0.8||0.4||0.24||2||97.2
|-
|Cheyou Island||车由岛||0.64||0.1||0.05||1.25||73.5
|-
|Tuozi Island||砣子岛||0.42||0.15||0.05||1.06||60.3
|-
|Dongzuishi Island||东嘴石岛||0.05||0.04||0.002||0.15||7.2
|-
|Shanzuishi Island||山嘴石岛||0.065||0.02||0.0013||0.17||16.7
|-
|Biegaishan Island (Turtle Shell Mount Island)||鳖盖山岛||0.2||0.11||0.02||0.57||42.8
|-
|Pojiao Island||坡礁岛||0.085||0.02||0.0017||0.15||12
|-
|Tanglang Island (Mantis Island)||螳螂岛||0.97||0.25||0.15||2.01||54.7
|-
|Danglang Island (Wave Breaking Island)||挡浪岛||0.5||0.4||0.13||1.86||35.9
|-
|Maqiangshi Island||马枪石岛||0.1||0.016||0.0015||0.14||8.9
|}

==Climate==
Changdao County is a warm temperate monsoon continental climate with moderate rainfall, moist air and mild climate. The average annual temperature is 11.9°C, and the average annual precipitation is 560 mm.{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Changdao, elevation {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 	2.0
|Feb high C = 	4.0
|Mar high C = 	9.1
|Apr high C = 	16.0
|May high C = 	21.7
|Jun high C = 	25.8
|Jul high C = 	28.1
|Aug high C = 	28.0
|Sep high C = 	24.9
|Oct high C = 	19.2
|Nov high C = 	11.6
|Dec high C = 	4.8
|Jan mean C = 	-0.6
|Feb mean C = 	0.7
|Mar mean C = 	5.1
|Apr mean C = 	11.3
|May mean C = 	17.0
|Jun mean C = 	21.4
|Jul mean C = 	24.4
|Aug mean C = 	24.8
|Sep mean C = 	21.8
|Oct mean C = 	16.0
|Nov mean C = 	8.7
|Dec mean C = 	2.2
|Jan low C = 	-2.7
|Feb low C = 	-1.7
|Mar low C = 	2.2
|Apr low C = 	7.6
|May low C = 	13.3
|Jun low C = 	17.8
|Jul low C = 	21.6
|Aug low C = 	22.5
|Sep low C = 	19.4
|Oct low C = 	13.5
|Nov low C = 	6.3
|Dec low C = 	0.0
|Jan record high C = 12.4 |Jan record low C = -11.4
|Feb record high C = 20.4 |Feb record low C = -12.7
|Mar record high C = 22.2 |Mar record low C = -6.6
|Apr record high C = 29.9 |Apr record low C = 0.7
|May record high C = 33.4 |May record low C = 4.1
|Jun record high C = 36.7 |Jun record low C = 10.2
|Jul record high C = 36.1 |Jul record low C = 15.4
|Aug record high C = 35.4 |Aug record low C = 17.3
|Sep record high C = 31.3 |Sep record low C = 9.0
|Oct record high C = 28.9 |Oct record low C = 0.7
|Nov record high C = 23.7 |Nov record low C = -5.0
|Dec record high C = 15.8 |Dec record low C = -8.7
|year high C =  |year low C = 
|year high F =  |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	7.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 	10.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 	11.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 	28.0
|May precipitation mm = 	48.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 	63.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 	144.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 	147.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 	46.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 	26.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 	23.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 	11.5
|Jan humidity = 	65
|Feb humidity = 	65
|Mar humidity = 	62
|Apr humidity = 	62
|May humidity = 	67
|Jun humidity = 	74
|Jul humidity = 	84
|Aug humidity = 	84
|Sep humidity = 	73
|Oct humidity = 	65
|Nov humidity = 	64
|Dec humidity = 	64
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	3.9
|Feb precipitation days = 	3.0
|Mar precipitation days = 	3.0
|Apr precipitation days = 	5.0
|May precipitation days = 	6.7
|Jun precipitation days = 	7.2
|Jul precipitation days = 	9.5
|Aug precipitation days = 	8.6
|Sep precipitation days = 	5.7
|Oct precipitation days = 	5.9
|Nov precipitation days = 	5.1
|Dec precipitation days = 	5.1
|year precipitation days = 	
|Jan sun = 	172.5
|Feb sun = 	183.9
|Mar sun = 	239.4
|Apr sun = 	253.8
|May sun = 	271.6
|Jun sun = 	253.3
|Jul sun = 	224.9
|Aug sun = 	235.3
|Sep sun = 	233.3
|Oct sun = 	217.3
|Nov sun = 	168.4
|Dec sun = 	158
|year sun = 	
| Jan percentsun = 	56
| Feb percentsun = 	60
| Mar percentsun = 	64
| Apr percentsun = 	64
| May percentsun = 	62
| Jun percentsun = 	57
| Jul percentsun = 	50
| Aug percentsun = 	56
| Sep percentsun = 	63
| Oct percentsun = 	63
| Nov percentsun = 	56
| Dec percentsun = 	54
| year percentsun =	
|Jan snow days = 	7.2
|Feb snow days = 	4.3
|Mar snow days = 	1.4
|Apr snow days = 	0.2
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0.1
|Nov snow days = 	2.1
|Dec snow days = 	7.4
|year snow days = 	
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =12 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
Ten of the islands are occupied, and there are twenty-two uninhabited islands, some little more than sand spits. There is one large town, Tuoji Town (砣矶镇, population 8,495) and seven smaller towns with forty villages, with a total population in the county of 52,000.

At the end of 2020, Changdao County had 15,082 registered households and 40,898 registered population, including 21,944 urban population, 213 births and 284 deaths. The birth rate is 5.18‰, the death rate is 6.91‰, and the natural growth rate is -1.73‰.

== Administrative divisions ==
{{See also|Penglai, Yantai#Administrative divisions}}
Changdao County had jurisdiction over one [[subdistricts of China|subdistrict]], one [[towns of China|town]] and six [[townships of China|township]]s:<ref>http://www.xzqh.org/html/list/2340.html Date=13 December 2017</ref>
* Nanchangshan Subdistrict 南长山街道 South Changshan Subdistrict
* Tuoji Town 砣矶镇
* Beichangshan Township 北长山乡 North Chang Mountain Township
* Heishan Township 黑山乡 (Black Mountain Township)
* Daqindao Township 大钦岛乡 (Greater Qin Island Township)
* Xiaoqindao Township 小钦岛乡 (Lesser Qin Island Township)
* Nanhuangcheng Township 南隍城乡 (South Huangcheng Township)
* Beihuangcheng Township 北隍城乡 (North Huangcheng Township)

==Economy==
The major occupation of the islands is [[aquaculture]], producing products such as [[sea cucumber]]s, [[abalone]], [[sea urchin]]s, [[bivalve]]s, [[kelp]], [[scallop]]s, [[prawn]]s and [[fish]]. [[Tourism]] is also important; many of the villages sport resort hotels.

In 2020, the regional GDP of Changdao County will reach 744.597 million RMB, a decrease of 1.4% over 2019 in terms of comparable prices, and the added value of the primary industry will reach 478.123 million RMB, an increase of 6.4% over 2019. The added value of the secondary industry was 296.8 million RMB, an increase of 1.5% over 2019; The added value of the tertiary industry was 236.794 million RMB, down 12.2% from 2019. The composition of the three industries is 64.2:4.0:31.8. The per capita GDP is 195,947 RMB.

==Transportation==
The islands are regularly served by both a passenger and vehicle [[Roll-on/roll-off|roll-on/roll-off ferry]] from Penglai. There was a small military airport on the largest island, South Changshan Island.

=== Roads ===
By 2015, the mileage of Changdao County was 141.8 kilometers, and the density of the road network was 2.2 kilometers per square kilometer.

=== Waterways ===
As of 2013, Changdao County had 13 transportation ports and 21 port berths. There were 52 transport vessels with an annual cargo throughput of 3.8 million tons and more than 2.6 million passengers. There are 14 waterways in the territory, including 3 international waterways, and more than 300 large passenger and cargo ships pass by every day, which is the only place for domestic and foreign ships to travel to and from Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning and other regions.

==Tourism==
Both Changdao National Forest Park and Changdao National Nature Reserve are located on the islands, which were on a cross-Bohai Sea flyway.

Temple Island ({{zh|labels=no |t={{linktext|廟島}} |s={{linktext|庙岛}} |p=Miàodǎo}}) got its name from the large number of temples that were built there. Xianying Palace is a temple that was built during the Northern Song dynasty, starting in 1122. It was originally a [[Taoist]] temple to the sea goddess [[Matsu (goddess)|Matsu]], but became [[Buddhist]] later. At the present time the local government has restored the temple to its [[Ming dynasty]] appearance, although many additions had been made during the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]].

Changdao Island was previously closed to non-Chinese nationals. Foreigners found on the island were swiftly taken to the passenger ferry terminal and placed on the next ferry back to Penglai by the islands police service. Islanders promptly reported all "''outsiders''" to the islands police service. Police explained the reasons for this was due to the high number of military installations on the Island. The Changdao Islands are now open to non-Chinese nationals. This was agreed by the local and national governments as of 1 December 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Some islands in Changdao, Shandong's only island county, are open to foreigners |url=https://news.ifeng.com/mainland/200902/0222_17_1026785.shtml |access-date=26 September 2022 |date=22 February 2009}}</ref>

== City honor ==
On November 10, 2018, it won the award of "2018 China's Top Ten Tourism Demonstration Counties and Cities".

On May 18, 2019, it was selected into the "2019 China's Most Beautiful County List".

The third batch of "clear water and green mountains are Jinshan and silver mountains" practice and innovation base.

On July 29, 2020, it was selected into the list of reconfirmed national health towns in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-13 |title=全国爱卫会关于2019年国家卫生城市（区）和国家卫生乡镇（县城）复审结果的通报 |url=http://www.nhc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/gongwen1/202008/22efe2cb394349f29f75e7280856830e.shtml |website=Department of Planning, Development and Information Technology}}</ref>

In October 2021, it was selected into the list of 100 "Hospitable Shandong Internet Celebrities".

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011030248/http://www.changdao.gov.cn/english/index.asp Official Changdao County website] 
* [http://www.changdao.net/ Changdao website from ''Yantai IDB'' development corporation] {{in lang|zh}}

{{Yantai}}
{{Shandong}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Nature reserves in China]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Shandong]]
[[Category:Islands of Shandong]]
[[Category:Island counties of China]]
[[Category:Bohai Sea]]
[[Category:Yantai]]