View source for Chandannagar

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Redirect|Chandernagor|the French politician|André Chandernagor|the French writer|Françoise Chandernagor}}{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Chandannagar
| official_name      =
| other_name         = Chandernagore
| settlement_type    = City
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1a            = Sacred Heart Church - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 7893-7894.JPG
| photo2a            = Dourgachorone Roquitte Souvenir - Strand Road - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 - 2013-05-19 7887.JPG
| photo2b            = Nandadulal Mandir - South-west View - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 7916.JPG
| photo3a            = FRENCH GOVERNOR'S PALACE.JPG
| photo3b            = Reminiscences of a French colony, Chandannagar, West Bengal 02.jpg
| photo4a = Underground House - Strand Road - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 7906.JPG
| spacing            = 1
| color_border       = white
| color              = white
| size               = 250
| foot_montage       = '''Clockwise from the top:'''<br/>[[Sacred Heart Church, Chandannagar|Église du Sacré-Cœur]], Nandulal Temple, Tour de l'Horloge, Patal Bari, Institut de Chandernagor and Chandannagar Strand
}}
| etymology          = see [[#Etymology|Etymology]]
| nickname           = Farasdanga
| image_map          = 
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India##Location in India
| coordinates        = {{coord|22.87|N|88.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Burdwan division|Burdwan]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| subdivision_type4  = [[Subdivision (India)|Subdivision]]
| subdivision_name4  = [[Chandannagore subdivision|Chandannagar]]
| established_title  = [[French India|French Indian colony]] of the [[French colonial empire]]
| established_date   = 1696
| established_title1 = ''De facto'' transfer to India
| established_date1  = 2 February 1951
| established_title2 = ''De jure'' transfer to India
| established_date2  = 9 June 1952
| established_title3 = Incorporated in West Bengal
| established_date3  = 2 October 1954
| founder            = [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]]
| named_for          = Bending of the Hooghly river
| government_type    = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body     = [[Chandernagore Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Ram Chakraborty 
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_rank          = 
| area_total_km2     = 16
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 9
| population_total   = 166867
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_rank    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Bengali: ''Chandannagari''<br>French: ''Chandernagorien(ne)''<br>English: ''Chandernagorean''
| population_footnotes = 
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|[[English language|English]]}}
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 712136, 712137, 712138
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| area_code          = +91 33
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1   = [[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]]
| blank2_name        = MP
| blank2_info_sec1   = [[Rachana Banerjee]] ([[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]])
| blank3_name_sec1   = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1   = [[Chandannagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chandannagar]]
| blank4_name_sec1   = MLA
| blank4_info_sec1   = [[Indranil Sen]] ([[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]])
| website            = http://heritagechandernagore.com/
| footnotes          = 
}}
'''Chandannagar''' ({{IPA|bn|t͡ʃɔndonːɔˈɡoɾ|lang|link=yes}}), also known by its [[List of renamed places in India|former names]] '''Chandernagore''' and '''Chandernagor''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃɑ̃dɛʁnaɡɔʁ|lang}}), is a city in the [[Hooghly district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is headquarter of the [[Chandannagore subdivision]] and is a part of the area covered by [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]] (KMDA).<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.cmdaonline.com/kma.html| title =Base Map of Kolkata Metropolitan area| access-date =2007-09-03| publisher =Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000049/http://www.cmdaonline.com/kma.html| archive-date =2007-09-28}}</ref>

Located on the western bank of [[Hooghly River]], the city was one of the five settlements of [[French India]]. Indo-French architecture is seen in the colonial bungalows, most of which are in a dilapidated state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/buildings-in-former-french-colony-await-restoration/article26207063.ece|title=Buildings in former French colony await restoration|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=7 February 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806154545/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/buildings-in-former-french-colony-await-restoration/article26207063.ece|archive-date=6 August 2019|url-status=live|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>[[File:Jolbhora Sondesh.jpg|thumb|Jolbhora Talsash Sondesh]]

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Chandannagar had a total population of 166,867 of which 84,009 (50.3%) were males and 82,858 (49.7%) were females. The population below 6 years was 11,826. The total number of literates in Chandannagar was 139,005 (89.65% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web  | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  | title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables  | work = West Bengal – District-wise  | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 15 June 2016  | archive-date = 21 December 2016  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221211050/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  | url-status = live  }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Chandannagar city (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1= [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1= 88.09
|color1 = red
|label2= [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value2 = 8.1
|color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value3 = 2.83
|color3 = green
|label4 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|value4 = 0.31
|color4 = pink
|label5 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|value5 = 0.25
|color5 = cyan
|label6 = Others 
|value6 = 0.28
|color6 = white 
}}

== Etymology ==
The name Chandannagar is composed of two elements, of which the latter, ''nagar,'' means 'city' and the former may be:
* Bengali ''chand'' meaning 'moon', alluding to the shape of the bank of the river [[Hooghly river|Hooghly]].
* Bengali ''chandan'' meaning 'sandalwood'; local tradition holds that the city was once the major hub of the trade of [[sandalwood]].
* ''Chandi'', name of a goddess.

Earlier, the city was known as ''Farasdanga'', from Bengali ''Faras'' 'French' and ''danga'' 'land'.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=OpenLibrary.org |title=A tale of two cities under colonial rule by Sumanta Banerjee {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL23220924W/A_tale_of_two_cities_under_colonial_rule?edition=key:/books/OL31056223M&mode=all |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Open Library |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Capture de Chandernagor en 1757 par la Royal Navy.jpg|thumb|The capture of the position of Chandannagore in 1757 by the [[Royal Navy]].]]
[[File:Chandernaggar-Calcuta Map 1900.jpg|thumb|left|Chandannagar and Calcutta 1900.]]
Chandannagar came into being during colonial times, proved conclusively by the fact that no mention of the town is found in medieval Bengali texts like [[Chandimangal]] and [[Manasamangal Kāvya]]. Historians are of the opinion that the French created the town by amalgamating various smaller localities in the area. The three notable villages to be incorporated were Gondolpara to the South, Boro in the North and Khalisani to the West. The name "Chandernagor" can be first found in a letter dated 1696, intended for the officials of the French East India Company, dispatched by [[André-François Deslandes]] and Palle, French officials posted in Chandannagore.

The First Director of the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]], Boureau-Deslandes paid 40,000 coins to the Mughal subahdar in 1688 to gain control of the area and build a factory there. But the first Frenchman to possess any subsequent land holding in this area was Du Plessis who bought land of 13 Arpents at Boro Kishanganj, now located at North Chandannagar for Taka 401 in the year 1673–74.

The prosperity of Chandannagar as a French colony started soon after. At this time the Company establishment consisted of one director, and five members who formed a council, 15 merchants and shopkeepers, two notaries, two padres, two doctors and one [[Sutradhar]]. The army consisted of 130 foot-soldiers, 20 among them were native [[Indian people|Indians]]. The Fort d'Orleans was constructed in the year 1696–97 and was better defended than its French and British counterparts. After the initial success the French trade languished due to the lax policy of its Directors.

In 1730 [[Joseph François Dupleix]] was appointed governor of the city, during whose administration more than two thousand brick houses were erected in the town and a considerable maritime trade was carried on.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Chandernagore|volume=5|pages=837–838}}</ref> The population of the city reached to be around a [[lakh]] (100,000) at this time and the fledgling town of [[Calcutta]] was considered to be a poor cousin of Chandannagar. From Dupleix's time to 1756, Chandannagar was the main center for European commerce in Bengal. The city had thriving centres of trade involving [[opium]], [[indigo]], [[silk]], [[rice]], rope, [[sugar]], etc. The fine clothes of Chandannagar were exported to [[Europe]].

One of the premier men of the town who made it big at this time was Indranarayan Chaudhari. He had arrived at the end of the seventeenth century from Jessore as an orphan sheltered at his maternal grandfather's house. He secured a job at the Company out of his own industriousness and then went on to gain a tremendous fortune being associated with the burgeoning trade of the company. When the [[East India Company]] seized his house after the siege of 1756, cash and jewellery worth 65 lakhs was secured from his house alone. Nandadulal Temple, a temple to Krishna established by him still houses the secret chamber in which he reportedly hid his immense fortune which was later recovered by British general [[Robert Clive]]. [[Krishnachandra Roy|Maharaj Krishna Chandra]] of [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] would often come to him to lend money.

[[File:Fiebig Chandernagore Admiralty.jpg|thumb|Chandannagar waterfront c.&nbsp;1850]]
In 1756 war broke out between France and Great Britain, and Colonel [[Robert Clive]] of the [[British East India Company]] and [[Charles Watson (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral Charles Watson]] of the British Navy bombarded and [[Battle of Chandannagar|captured Chandannagar]] on 23 March 1757. The town's fortifications and many houses were demolished thereafter, and Chandannagar's importance as a commercial center was eclipsed by that of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] situated down river. Chandannagore was restored to the French in 1763, but retaken by the British in 1794 in the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. The city was returned to France in 1816, along with a {{convert|3|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}  enclave of surrounding territory. It was governed as part of [[French India]] until 1950, under the political control of the governor-general in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. By 1900 the town's former commercial importance was gone, and it was little more than a quiet suburb of Calcutta, with a population of 25,000 (1901). But it was noted for its clean wide thoroughfares, with many elegant residences along the riverbank.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Like the other three French-administered colonies of India, Chandannagore was under the jurisdiction of [[History of Puducherry#European period|French-controlled]] [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. There was only one Governor for the entire French India. He resided in the principal city of Pondicherry, and from time to time, he would visit the other colonies. There was one Administrator under the Governor in each colony. Though there were courts and magistrates here, a separate judge used to come from Pondicherry for session trials. There was a High court in Pondicherry for filing an appeal. The Collectorates, the Education Department, the Housing Department, etc. were all under the said department of Pondicherry. One Inspector from France used to come here every year for inspecting all the affairs. The French Consul who lived in Calcutta had no connection with the administration of Chandannagore.

Formerly the government kept a troop of sepoys to help maintain peace in the town. It is known that Chandannagore had two divisions of infantry during 1743–45. Under the terms of the treaty it had no alternative but to keep not more than 15 soldiers.

The laws of this place were not specific, laws were the same in regard to all the French colonies and special decrees were drawn up by the Minister of the Interior of France. In the French parliamentary houses, among the Députés and Senators there was one representative elected by the citizens and representatives of French India in each house.

Though no Indian sat in the [[French Parliament]], the citizens of Chandannagore had the right to be elected to those seats.

A Municipality was created here on 1 August 1880. Charles Dumaine became the first Mayor.

There was a sworn-in post called ''[[Civil law notary|Notaire]]'' like the Registrar of British India. All the deeds such as testaments and wills, sales and purchases, conveyances, debts and dues or prenuptial contracts were registered by him.

The judicial system even passed a few death sentences in the town. The first time this was carried out was on 26 January 1883: two persons named Sk. Abdul Panjari and Hiru Bagdi were sentenced to death. The ''[[guillotine]]'' was used to carry out capital punishment and was used in the town for the last time on 22 July 1895.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/love-heritage-fund-restoration/article22537389.ece|title=Love heritage? Fund restoration|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=27 January 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 August 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727193841/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/love-heritage-fund-restoration/article22537389.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/6WvWGHQwTCGTUCAddghV7J/Kolkata-to-Chandannagar-The-French-life.html|title=Kolkata to Chandannagar: The French life|last=Vancheeswaran|first=Ganesh|date=9 November 2017|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=6 August 2019|archive-date=6 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806155043/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/6WvWGHQwTCGTUCAddghV7J/Kolkata-to-Chandannagar-The-French-life.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Merger with India===
{{further|Yanaon#Dates of important events of merger of French India}}
[[File:Chandannagar referendum day 1948.jpg|thumb|Referendum day in June 1948]]
India became independent from Britain in 1947. In June 1948, the French Government held a plebiscite which found that 97% of Chandannagar's residents wished to become part of India. In May 1950, the French allowed the Indian government to assume ''de facto'' control over Chandannagar, officially ceding the city to India on 2 February 1951. ''De jure'' transfer took place on 9 June 1952. The inhabitants were given the option to retain French nationality, like their counterparts in Pondicherry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Treaty to confirm the Cession of Chandernagore |url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6750/Teaty+to+confirm+the+Cession+of+Chandernagore |website=Ministry of External Affairs |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911053428/https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6750/Teaty+to+confirm+the+Cession+of+Chandernagore |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 2 October 1954, Chandannagar was integrated into the state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bondyopadhyay|first1=Biswanath|title=Dictionary of Historical Places, Bengal, 1757 – 1947|date=5 April 2024 |publisher=Primus|isbn=978-93-80607-41-2|page=135}}</ref>
[[File:Map Of Chandernagore Municipal Corporation.jpg|thumb|right|Map Of Chandannagore Municipal Corporation]]

==Geography==
[[File:River Hooghly - Rani Ghat - Strand Road - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 7873.JPG|thumb|A view of the [[Hooghly River]] from the Strand Road]]{{OSM Location map
| width=330| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|54|10|N|88|13|40|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Chandannagore subdivision and Polba Dadpur and Dhaniakhali CD Blocks of Chinsurah subdivision in Hooghly district'''<br/>M: municipal corporation/ municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, <br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|52|12|N|88|21|46|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Chandannagar | numbered1=M| mark-title1= Chandannagar (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|49|50|N|88|20|44|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Bhadreswar| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|48|40|N|88|20|35|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Champdani| numbered3=M| mark-title3= [[Champdani]] (M)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|53|20|N|88|0|54|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Tarakeswar| numbered4=M| mark-title4= [[Tarakeswar]] (M)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|50|10|N|88|10|43|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bargachhia| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Bargachhia]] (CT)| shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|49|17|N|88|13|2|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Balarambati| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Balarambati]] (CT)| shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|49|22|N|88|14|9|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Singur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Singur]] (CT)| shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|48|10|N|88|15|30|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Nasibpur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Nasibpur]] (CT)| shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|47|20|N|88|13|26|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Jagatnagar| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Jagatnagar]] (CT)| shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|46|5|N|88|14|30|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Baruipara| numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Baruipara]] (CT)| shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|46|30|N|88|15|25|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Borai| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Borai, Hooghly|Borai]] (CT)| shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|58|26|N|88|6|30|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Dhaniakhali| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Dhaniakhali]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|2|13|N|88|7|17|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Gurap| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Gurap]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|57|41|N|88|18|23|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Polba| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Polba]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|56|13|N|88|11|42|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Dadpur| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Dadpur, Hooghly|Dadpur]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|56|4|N|88|18|19|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Barun Napara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Barun Napara]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|49|40|N|88|6|16|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Haripal| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Haripal]] (R)| shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.0433|88.4298}}| label18=Hooghly |labela18=River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=0| label-pos18=bottom| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|47|28|N|88|4|21|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=Dwarhatta| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Dwarhatta]] (R)| shape-color19=#C42222}}

===Location===
Chandannagar is located at {{Coord|22.87|N|88.38|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|10|m|ft}}.

Chandannagar consisted of mainly three parts Khalisani (west), Gondalpara (south) and Boro (north). There are about 30 localities (para) and more than 100 sub-localities. Of them, some are Gondalpara, Nutan Telighat, Barasat, Tematha, Hatkhola, Daibokpara, Padripara, Lalbagan, Barabazar, Bagbazar, Fatokgora, Khalisani, Nabagram, Palpara, Urdibazar, Luxmigunj, Boro Panchanantala, Boro Champatala, Taldanga, Haridradanga etc. Bajra, Bandhagram etc. are some of the village-like areas near the borders of the city.

The city is bordered by [[Chinsurah]] in the north, [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] in the south, the [[Hooghly river]] in the east and [[Dhaniakhali]] in the west.

===Police station===
Chandannagar police station has jurisdiction over the [[Chandernagore Municipal Corporation|Chandannagore Municipal Corporation]] area. [[Chandannagar Police Commissionerate]] was established on 30 June 2017. The establishments marked under the same are Chinsurah PS; Chandannagore PS; Bhadreswar PS; Serampore PS; Dankuni PS; Rishra PS; Uttarpara PS; Chinsurah Women PS; Serampore Women PS. Mr Peeyush Pandey, an IPS of 1993 batch, became the first commissioner of the [[Chandannagar Police Commissionerate]]. A major urban part of the district along river Hooghly has been brought under the jurisdiction of the commissionerate to ensure better policing.<ref>{{cite web  |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly  |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  |access-date = 3 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/Hooghly/hglyphone.php | title = Hooghly District Police | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 20 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170705234600/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/Hooghly/hglyphone.php | archive-date = 5 July 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Places of interest==
Most of the city's numerous public and private buildings have a distinct Indo-French style of architecture, similar to that of [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] (now called Pudducherry) and other former French enclaves in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/French-and-Dutch-push-for-heritage-project/articleshow/26226838.cms|title=French and Dutch push for heritage project|website=The Times of India|date=23 November 2013 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806155536/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/French-and-Dutch-push-for-heritage-project/articleshow/26226838.cms|archive-date=6 August 2019|url-status=live|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Most of these buildings are in a dilapidated state and in need of restoration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/chandernagore-39-s-french-correction/cid/1452590|title=Chandernagore's French Correction|last=Chaudhury|first=Prasun|date=31 December 2017|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806160206/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/chandernagore-39-s-french-correction/cid/1452590|archive-date=6 August 2019|url-status=live|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref>[[File:Dourgachorone Roquitte Souvenir - Strand Road - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 - 2013-05-19 7887.JPG|thumb|The Chandannagar strand]]

===Chandannagore Strand===

[[File:Chandannagar Strand Night View.jpg|thumb|The night view of the strand in Chandannagar|alt=|left]]

The tree-shaded promenade along the river is about {{convert|700|m|mi|1|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|7|m|ft}} in width, and there are many buildings of historical importance along the way e.g. Fort D'Orleans with a clock tower. It is a common spot for local people and tourists alike, who stroll along enjoying the breeze and watching the small boats sail by.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} Along the Strand is the [[Vivekananda]] Mandir (a [[meditation]] centre protruding into the river Ganges).

===Chandannagore Museum and Institute (''Institut de Chandernagor'')===
The Chandannagore Museum was established in 1961. It boasts a collection of French antiques (such as [[cannons]] used in [[Battle of Plassey|Anglo-French]] war, wooden furniture of the 18th century, etc.) which are difficult to find anywhere else in the world. The institute still teaches [[French language|French]] through regular classes. Jogendra Nath Sen, resident of Chandannagar who died in France fighting in the World War I. His personal items were sent to his brother in India who later donated them to the Institut de Chandernagor in Chandannagar.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghorai|first1=Jayeeta|title=Leeds remembers its forgotten Indian war hero|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/citizen-journalists/citizen-journalists-reports/jayeeta-ghorai/Leeds-remembers-its-forgotten-Indian-war-hero/articleshow/48114809.cms|access-date=23 August 2015|issue=Kolkata|work=The Times of India|date=17 July 2015|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806195743/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/citizen-journalists/citizen-journalists-reports/jayeeta-ghorai/Leeds-remembers-its-forgotten-Indian-war-hero/articleshow/48114809.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Museum is closed on Thursday and Saturday.

===The Sacred Heart Church of Chandannagar (''l'Eglise du Sacré Cœur'')===
The [[Sacred Heart Church, Chandannagar]] is situated near the Strand. It was designed by French Architect Jacques Duchatz. The church was inaugurated by [[Paul Goethals]] on 27 January 1884.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Narendranath|title=Hooghly Jelar Purakirti|publisher=West Bengal State Archeology|page=65}}</ref> The church stands for over two centuries to mark the beauty of the architecture during the French period – a good place to visit for the historians and tourists alike. The remains of the ''Church of St. Louis'' is also an attractive tourist spot.

===French Cemetery===
The French Cemetery contains 150 tombs and is located on [[Grand Trunk Road]] opposite Lal Dighi (a large lake). Amongst the remarkable people buried there, one can find the tomb of Duplessis, the founding father of French Chandannagar and also the one of pioneering meteorologist [[Henry Piddington|Henry "Storm" Piddington]], who is mentioned in [[Amitav Ghosh]]'s novel [[The Hungry Tide]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Banerjee|first1=Sudeshna|title=Restoration at French Cemetery|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131023/jsp/calcutta/story_17484054.jsp#.VdqiAKKX2_I|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028021503/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131023/jsp/calcutta/story_17484054.jsp#.VdqiAKKX2_I|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 October 2013|access-date=24 August 2015|issue=Kolkata|work=The Telegraph|date=23 October 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Underground House - Strand Road - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 7906.JPG|thumb|The Patal Bari or the underground house]]

===Chandanangar Gate===
Constructed in 1937, to mark the Fall of Bastille, the gate has the slogan of the French Revolution "Liberté, égalité, fraternité (Liberty, equality fraternity)" etched on it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Datta|first1=Rangan|title=Next Weekend you can be at Chandannagar|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120304/jsp/calcutta/story_15208078.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025235042/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120304/jsp/calcutta/story_15208078.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2012|access-date=28 August 2015|issue=Kolkata|work=The Telegraph|date=4 March 2012}}</ref>

===The Underground House (Patal-Bari)===
The building is another example of the advancement in the knowledge of [[architecture]] and the aesthetic sense of the people of those earlier days. Its lower floor is submerged during monsoon when the level of the river rises. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] frequently visited the place and appreciated a lot about the building. He felt that the place influenced him to a large extent and broadened his intellectual capabilities. He mentioned Patal-bari in many of his novels. The social reformer [[Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar]] also stayed in the building. The house was owned by the zamindars of nearby Mankundu.

===Nandadulal Temple===
Nandadulal Temple built in 1740 by Indranarayan Roychoudhury presents an excellent example of ancient Indian sculptures. There are many fascinating temples devoted to [[Kali]], [[Shiva]], and other deities which show marks of brilliant craftsmanship and artistic taste. The temple's old idol of [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]] was thrown away into the pond behind the temple by a British general. Later the pieces of the idols were fished out from [[Ganges]] in [[Varanasi]].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} It is built in the [[Chala Style|Do Chala Style]]  of [[Bengal temple architecture]].

===Nritya Gopal Smriti Mandir===
Built by Harihar Sett, and donated to the people of Chandannagore. This building still serves as a theatre hall and a library. It was first of its kind in the entire locality. It has one of the largest collections of books in French, English and Bengali in the district.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

===Bishalakshmi temple===
The temple is situated near Brahmin para, Boubazar in the western part of railway station. The history of this ancient temple is not known properly. The deity is worshiped regularly by the local people.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

===Sabinara Thakurbari===
A temple of [[Jagannath|Lord Jagannath]], lord of the universe. It is situated on 'Rather Sadak' or the road of Lord Jagannath's chariot. [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Mahaprabhu Chaitanya]] is said to have visited this place in his time. Currently this temple is maintained by the Chattopadhyay family.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

===KMDA Park===
The KMDA Park located West of Chandannagore Railway Station is a popular park and picnic spot. It was made open to the public in 2002 and since then it has served thousands of people who come here for picnics, particularly in the winter months.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

===The Mango Gardens===
There mango gardens now privately owned and maintained are popular picnic spots situated west of the railway station near Mankundu. The Gardens have been operational since 2009, and several hundreds of people gather here for winter day outs. Few such gardens are named as Amrapali, Amrakunja.[[File:Bhuvaneshwari Goddess.jpg|thumb|Bhuvaneshwari Puja at Hatkhola, Chandannagar]]
[[File:Jaggadatri Chandannagar.jpg|thumb|The oldest Jagaddatri Puja of Chandannagar. The Goddess is known as "Adi Maa".]]

== Cultural calendar ==
In the month of [[Shraavana|Shravan]], [[Bhuvaneshvari|Bhuvaneshwari]] Puja is held at Hatkhola for a month.

During the month of November, 10 days after [[Diwali]], Jagaddhatri Puja is held citywide including the neighbouring towns of [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] and [[Mankundu]]. These idols are almost 3 times taller than the Durga Puja held in [[Kolkata]]. From Panchami until Dashami the whole region lights up, bedecked with lights of Chandannagore's local manufacturers. From Dashami night until the next dawn, all the major puja committees bring their idols with a theme to the world's largest procession after Rio's Samba festival. Some of the oldest pujas here range from over 300 (Adi Maa) to 150 years.

==Transport==
=== Road===
Chandannagore is {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=on}} by road from [[Kolkata]] via [[State Highway 6 (West Bengal)|State Highway 6]]/ [[Grand Trunk Road]] (which runs through the middle of the city) or [[State Highway 13 (West Bengal)|Delhi Road]] (which runs through the western limit of the city). Private Bus number '''2''' ([[Chunchura]] Court - [[Dakshineswar]]) plies through Chandannagar along [[Grand Trunk Road]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php | title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 15 October 2016 | archive-date = 19 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161219094346/http://wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php | url-status = live }}</ref> A newly built overbridge above the railway tracks makes easy to connect East and West parts of Chandannagar City. Taxis and private cars are easily available between Kolkata and Chandannagar.

=== Rail===
[[Chandannagar railway station]] serves the locality. Local trains from [[Howrah railway station|Howrah station]] on [[Howrah-Bardhaman main line]] of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]] run very frequently (peak frequency one train every 10 or 12 minutes). A few important express and passenger trains halt here. The distance from Howrah by rail is approximately {{convert|33|km|mi|abbr=on}} and it takes about 50–55 minutes in all-stop local trains. Many through trains (trains which will stop only at specific stations, primarily junctions) also tend to make stops here.

=== Bus ===
Chandannagore is well connected by bus. Every day, two buses of the West Bengal Transport Corporation leave from Esplanade Bus Stand for Chandannagar, one in the morning and the other in the evening. Apart from the WBTC buses, there are many other private buses that connect Kolkata and Chandannagar.

=== Air ===
The nearest airport is in Kolkata ([[Kolkata Airport|Dumdum/Kolkata Airport]]), which is linked with all major Indian and international cities. Chandannagore is only {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} by road from the airport.

=== Water ===
The government of West Bengal ([[West Bengal Surface Transport Corporation]]) operates river services to [[Jagaddal railway station|Jaggaddal]] across [[Hooghly River]] (the Ganges) and also between Chandannagar and Kolkata and [[Belur, West Bengal|Belur]].

==Heritage and culture==

=== Jagaddhatri Puja ===
[[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is a major cultural event in this region, attracting massive crowds from all over the state of West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-10-31 |title=Chandannagar's Jagaddhatri Puja Unites Hindus, Muslims And Christians In A Rare Show Of Harmony |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/offbeat/chandannagars-jagaddhatri-puja-unites-hindus-muslims-and-christians-in-a-rare-show-of-harmony-enn25103103375 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Chandannagar Lighting Jaggadhatri Puja.jpg|thumb|Lighting in Chandannagar during Jagaddhatri Puja]]
[[File:Madhyanchal, Chandannagar.jpg|thumb|The idol of Jagadhatri maa in Madhyanchal Sorbojonin Jagadhatri Puja Committee, Chandannagar]]

==== History ====
The history of Jagaddhatri Puja in Chandannagar is unknown. The beginning of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagore was 1762. Indranarayan Choudhury died in 1756. Indranarayan Choudhury by no means introduced the Jagaddhatri puja in Chandannagar. Indranarayan Choudhury performed the Jagaddhatri puja at his own house in Chandannagar, at the time Krishnachandra used to come to borrow money from Indranarayan Choudhury. The father of Krishnachandra had started the puja of Jagaddhatri at Krishna Nagar due to missing out once on the puja of Durga by being locked up in British prison.<ref name="Charleston2004">{{cite book|last=Charleston|first=June McDaniel Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies College of|title=Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls : Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caeJpIj9SdkC&pg=PA220|date=9 July 2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-534713-5|page=220}}</ref> Once Krishnachandra's ship could not reach Krishna Nagar in time for Jagaddhatri puja due to weak winds. So he performed on day of navami the puja at the Ghat of Nichupatty. Seeing in this the wish of the Goddess to be established as a puja in Chandannagar too, he left funds for its yearly worship on a permanent basis.
In 1780 ''Bengal Gazette'' of James August Hickey was the first newspaper of this country. The newspaper was silent about the Jagaddhatri Puja. But the 'Friends of India' published a report on the community Jagaddhatri Puja in 1820. The date of the community Jagaddhatri Puja in Chandannagore was 1790. In those days Robert Clive called Lakhsmiganj of Chandannagore the 'Granary of Bengal'. The Jagaddhatri Puja at Chaulpatty (Rice Market) in Lakshmiganj is probably the historic example of the ancient community Jagaddhatri Puja. The Jagaddhatri Puja of Chandannagore bridges the past and the present.

=== Festival Lighting ===
Pioneered by maestros such as Sridhar Das, the LED bulb light panels tell animated stories and move since before the use of computers and programming could achieve such feats. The light made by the local artisans, now working in the Bidyalanka area, lights up festivals all over Bengal, India and abroad. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Light Makers of Chandannagar and legendary Sridhar Das. How illumination art changed |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/light-makers-of-chandannagar-and-legendary-sridhar-das-how-illumination-art-changed |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet Sridhar Das, the Edison of Chandernagore who created magic with lights |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/durga-puja-special/meet-sridhar-das-the-edison-of-chandernagore-who-created-magic-with-lights/cid/1974366 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250807222911/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/durga-puja-special/meet-sridhar-das-the-edison-of-chandernagore-who-created-magic-with-lights/cid/1974366 |archive-date=2025-08-07 |access-date=2025-12-19 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
Chandannagar is known for its own popular [[Jolbhora Sandesh|Jolbhora Talsash Sondesh]], known more popularly as just Jolbhora. Invented in the city in 1818 by Surya Kumar Modak as a humourous treat for the new son-in-law of a [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreshwar]] zamindari household, these sweets are a type of dry [[Cottage cheese|chenna]] sondesh with a surprising liquid filling of rose-water or nolen gur (a type of date palm jaggery found in Bengal during the winter) justifying its name, which directly translates into "liquid-filled".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tale Of The Legendary Jolbhora Of Chandannagore |url=https://www.slurrp.com/article/the-legendary-jolbhora-of-chandannagore-product-of-humour-that-reigns-the-mishti-world-1642000296644 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Slurrp |language=en}}</ref> Surjya Kumar Modak is also credited with the invention of Motichur Sandesh , Aam Sandesh and Khirpully Sandesh at the same time. The original shop at Barasat, Chandannagar is still functional and remains a popular destination for gourmets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surjya Kumar Modak |url=https://www.jalbharasurjyamodak.com/about.html |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=www.jalbharasurjyamodak.com}}</ref> 

=== Handloom ===
Now facing certain decline, the dhotis produced in Chandannagar, known by their black borders, were popular products of the handloom industry in the last century. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Days of boom over, lores of looms lie ahead: Dhoti hub's decline attributed to low pay, sartorial shift |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/days-of-boom-over-lores-of-looms-lie-ahead-of-chandernagore-dhoti-hubs-decline-attributed-to-low-pay-sartorial-shift/cid/2080916}}</ref> A popular rhyme in the 18th and 19th century Bengal ran like this: <blockquote>Jodi merja hotey chao, tabey Farashdangaye jao. 

Kasta-pere dhuti chherey, kala-perey nao. 

Lak juboti chharbey poti Jodi nangta-pere pao. 

 (If you want to be a grandee, go to Farashdanga. Give up your scarlet-bordered dhoti and take the black-bordered one. But if you choose a dhoti stripped of all such frills, lakhs of women will desert their husbands to fall for you…). </blockquote>There is in this couplet a subtle allusion to the sartorial style of those days which needs explanation for readers today. The dhoti, woven for men, used to be embroidered at its edging with elaborate floral designs in red (kasta) or black (kala). This thin strip sewn on to the border of the dhoti was rather sharp in its embroidery, the designs overlapping the edges. This hurt the tender skin of the Bengali aristocrats! So, they tore out those strips (called pars or borders) from the dhotis, thus giving birth to the new term nangta-perey, or stripped of the `par’.<ref name=":1" /> The fine dhotis produced in Chandannagar thus played a role in the social and cultural milieu of colonial Bengal. 

==Education==

[[File:Chandernagre Govt. College.jpg|thumb|The Chandannagore Govt. College]]

===List of boys' schools===
* [[Kanailal Vidyamandir]]( Eng. Sec.) (WBBSE, WBCHSE)
* [[Sri Aurobindo Vidyamandir, Chandannagar]]
{{Cleanup list|section|date=July 2025}} 
* [[Adarsa Shikshalaya]] (WBBSE, WBCHSE)
* [[Chandannagar Banga Vidyalaya]] (WBBSE, WBCHSE)
* [[Durga Charan Rakshit Banga Vidyalaya]] (WBBSE, WBCHSE)
* [[Ganges Gurukul]] (Co-Ed) (ICSE + ISC)
* [[Khalisani Vidya Mandir]] (WBBSE)
* [[Modern Public School, Bhakunda]] (co ed)
* [[Narua Siksha Niketan]] (WBBSE)
* [[Nritya Gopal Model High School]] (WBBSE)
* [[Pearl Rosary School]] (CBSE Affiliated)
* [[Prabartak Vidyarthi Bhaban]] (WBBSE)
* [[Rishi Aurobindo Bal-Kendram, Vidyalanka]] (Co-Ed)
* [[St. Thomas' School, Chandannagar]]  (Co-Ed) (ICSE)

===List of girls' schools===
* [[St Joseph's Convent, Chandannagar]] (ICSE, ISC)
{{Cleanup list|section|date=July 2025}} 
* [[Bholanath Das Balika Vidyalaya]]
* [[Indumati Girls High School]] (WBBSE)
* [[Khalisani Nari Siksha Mandir]] (WBBSE)
* [[Krishna Bhabini Nari Shiksha Mandir]] (WBBSE, WBCHSE)
* [[Lal Bagan Balika Vidyalaya]] (WBBSE)
* [[Prabartak Nari Mandir]] (WBBSE)
* [[St. Anthony's High School, Chandannagar]] (WBBSE, WBCHSE)
* [[Ushangini Balika Vidyalaya]] (WBBSE, WBCHSE)

===List of colleges===
* [[Chandernagore Government College|Chandannagore Government College]] (University of Burdwan)
* [[Khalisani Mahavidyalaya]] (University of Burdwan)
* [[Sir J. C. Bose School of Engineering]], Mankundu
{{Cleanup list|section|date=July 2025}} 
* [[Institute of Education, Chandannagar]] (P.G.) for Women, Chandannagar (University of Burdwan)
* [[Women's Polytechnic College, Chandannagar]]

==Notable residents==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Rash Behari Bose]], Bengali revolutionary.
* [[Kanailal Dutta]], Bengali revolutionary and martyr.
* [[Shrish Chandra Ghosh]], Bengali revolutionary
* [[Manindra Nath Nayak]], Bengali revolutionary
* [[Basabi Pal]], Professor of French<ref>{{cite web |url=https://heritagechandernagoreblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/08/confluence-of-french-and-bengali-culture/ |title=Confluence of French and Bengali culture. &#124; Heritage & People of Chandernagore |website=Heritagechandernagoreblog.wordpress.com |date=8 February 2016 |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=13 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013235532/https://heritagechandernagoreblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/08/confluence-of-french-and-bengali-culture/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tapas Paul]], Bengali actor and Member of Parliament.
* [[Ishan Porel]], Indian Under-19 and Bengal(CAB) cricketer
* [[Motilal Roy]], Bengali revolutionary, journalist, spiritual leader.
* [[Radhanath Sikdar]], Indian mathematician, best known for calculating the height of [[Mount Everest]].

==See also==
*[[Farashganj]]
*[[French India]]
*[[Municipal Administration in French India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*9. Archival Papers on Merger with India [Chandannagar Heritage Archive]
*10. Old Photos of Chandannagar [Chandannagar Heritage Archive]
*11. Old Map [Chandannagar Heritage Archive]

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last= Hill|first= Samuel Charles|title= Three Frenchmen in Bengal: The Commercial Ruin of the French Settlements in 1757|url= https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10946|access-date= 25 April 2007|year= 1903|publisher= [[Project Gutenberg]] |id= e-text #10946}}
*{{cite book |last= Strang|first= Herbert|title= In Clive's Command: A Story of the Fight for India|url= https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16382|access-date= 25 April 2007|publisher= [[Project Gutenberg]]|id= e-text #16382}}
*{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=Chandernagore: From Boundage to Freedom, 1900-1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjAweaCPLD0C|year=2012|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=978-93-80607-23-8}}
*{{cite book|author=Arghya Bose|title=Chandernagor: Recognizing Alternative Discourses on the Colonial|url=https://archive.org/details/ChandernagorRecognizingAlternativeDiscoursesOnTheColonial|year=2017|publisher=Avenel Press|isbn=978-93-80736-71-6}}
*Discover Chandannagar/author - Kalyan Chakrabortty[Published by Chandernagor Heritage]/
*CHANDERNAGOR-Edited by Lipika Ghosh and Kalyan Chakrabortty/Published by Chandernagor Heritage=
*CHANDANNAGORER KATHA/Author - Lipika Ghosh [Published by Chandernagor Heritage]/
*Sankhipta Chandannagar Parichay/Author - Harihar Sett [Published by Chandannagar Pustakagar]
*"Ami Tomaderi Rash Behari"/Author-Kalyan Chakrabortty

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Chandernagore|Chandannagar}}
*[https://archive.today/20121206003620/http://www.chandannagar.com/htmlfiles/chanhistory.htm 300 years of Chandannagar (1696-1996)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027034228/http://geocities.com/TheTropics/Paradise/4243/  Geocities site about Chandannagar]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181008115607/http://institutedechandernagor.gov.in/ Institut de Chandannagore - official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090410233438/http://meaindia.nic.in/treatiesagreement/1951/chap47.htm Indian Ministry for External Affairs - 1951 Treaty of Cession]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061208084203/http://chandernagor.ifrance.com/ La présence française à Chandernagor (1688-1950)] {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://members.tripod.com/~AChatterji/Newpage/East_Meets_West.htm/ ''East Meets West'' by A. Chatterji]
* {{cite book |last=Roy |first=Pritimadhab |year=2012 |chapter=Chandannagar |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chandannagar |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606091401/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/Chandann%3B_ylt%3DAkNAYkcW_5sqZyDERZ_bvl4ZvskF Yahoo! Education page on Chandannagar]
*[http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/India/East/West_Bengal/Chandannagar/ Stereotype photo (poverty etc) Gallery of Chandannagar on ''Trek''Earth]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120826171751/http://www.hooghlydistrict.info/hooghly-district-chandannagar.html Chandannagar Information]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160129140441/http://www.aishee.org/monographs/chandannagar/index.php Temples of Chandannagar]
*[http://www.durgautsav.com/photo/jagadhatri-photos/ Jagadhatri Puja images]
*[http://www.heritagechandernagore.com Heritage Chandannagore]

{{Former French colonies}}
{{Hooghly District}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}
{{Hooghly topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chandannagar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:French India]]
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[[Category:1763 establishments in the French colonial empire]]
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hooghly district]]
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