View source for Cessna Citation II

{{short description|American business jet}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2024}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= Cessna Citation II / IISP / SII <br/>Citation Bravo
 |image= cessna 550b citation bravo cs-dhr arp.jpg
 |caption= <!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
 |type= [[Corporate jet]]
 |national_origin = United States
 |manufacturer= [[Cessna]]
 |first_flight= January 31, 1977
 |introduction=
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary_user=<!--please list only one-->
 |more_users=<!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.-->
 |produced= 1978–2006
 |number_built={{#expr:688+336+160}}: 688 II and II/SP, 160 S/II, 336 Bravo<ref name=Cessna28apr2015>{{cite web |url= https://support.cessna.com/custconf/pageview?as_id=33345 |title= 500-Series Technical Review |publisher= [[Textron Aviation]] |date=April 28, 2015 |access-date=December 18, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093224/https://support.cessna.com/custconf/pageview?as_id=33345 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |unit cost=
 |developed_from = [[Cessna Citation I]]
 |developed_into= [[Cessna Citation V]]
}}
The '''Cessna Citation II''' models are light [[corporate jet]]s built by [[Cessna]] as part of the [[Citation family]].
<section begin=summary/><!--development-->Stretched from the [[Citation I]], the Model 550 was announced in September 1976, first flew on January 31, 1977, and was certified in March 1978.
<!--variants-->
The '''II/SP''' is a single pilot version, the improved '''S/II''' first flew on February 14, 1984 and the '''Citation Bravo''', a stretched S/II with new avionics and more powerful [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW500|P&WC PW530]]A turbofans, first flew on April 25, 1995. The [[United States Navy]] adopted a version of the S/II as the '''T-47A'''.
<!--production-->
Production ceased in 2006 after {{formatnum:{{#expr:688+336+160}}}} of all variants were delivered.<section end=summary/>

==Design and development==
[[File:N601BC-002.jpg|thumb|A Citation II seen shortly after landing]]
The Citation II (Model 550) was developed to provide the same docile low-speed handling and good short-field performance as the preceding [[Citation I]] while addressing a primary criticism of that aircraft — its relatively slow cruise speed of around {{cvt|350|kn|kph}} at altitude.<ref name=aopa2011/> The II stretches the Citation I fuselage by 1.14m (3&nbsp;ft 9in), increasing [[seating capacity]] to ten (two pilots and eight passengers) and gross weight to {{cvt|13,300|lb|kg}}.<!--<ref name="alnet550"/>--><!--{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|pp=28–30}}-->
Wingspan was increased by {{cvt|5.1|ft|m}},  fuel capacity was increased from {{cvt|544|gal|L}} to {{cvt|742|gal|L}}, and more powerful, {{cvt|2500|lbf|kN}} [[Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D|Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-4]] engines were installed for a higher cruise speed of {{cvt|385|kn|kph}} and a longer range of {{cvt|1,159|nmi|km}}.<ref name="alnet550"/>{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|pp=28–30}} The cabin interior was also redesigned to increase headroom by {{cvt|5|in|cm}}.{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=28}}

[[File:EC-KJR Cessna 551 Citation.jpg|thumb|Citation II/SP (model 551) front view]]
The stretched Citation was announced in September 1976, it first flew on January 31, 1977, and FAA certification was awarded in March 1978.<ref name="alnet550"/> The '''II/SP''' (Model 551) is the single pilot version, [[type certificate]]d to slightly less stringent [[FAR Part 23]] standards, with a slightly reduced [[maximum takeoff weight]] (MTOW) at {{cvt|12,500|lb|kg}} and minor changes in cockpit equipment.<!--<ref name=aopa2011/>--> As the II and II/SP are otherwise largely similar, the {{cvt|800|lb|kg}} reduction in MTOW of the II/SP often mandates operating with a reduced fuel load, shortening the aircraft's loaded range compared to the standard II.<!--<ref name=aopa2011/>--> Both the II and II/SP require special training to be operated by a single pilot.<ref name=aopa2011>{{cite magazine |last=Horne |first=Thomas A. |date=April 2011 |title=II For The Road: Citation IIs on the Used Marketplace |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2011/april/01/ii-for-the-road |magazine=AOPA Pilot Turbine Edition |location=Frederick, Maryland |publisher=[[Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association]] |access-date=November 7, 2022}}</ref> A total of 688 II and II/SP aircraft were delivered.<ref name=Cessna28apr2015/>

===Citation S/II===
The improved '''Citation S/II''' (Model S550) was announced in October 1983 and first flew on February 14, 1984, before certification in July.<!--<ref name="alnet550"/>-->
It gained a [[supercritical airfoil]] with swept wing roots, [[aileron]] and [[flap (aeronautics)|flap]] gap seals, and a [[Ice_protection_system#Fluid_deicing|fluid deicing]] system instead of the [[Ice_protection_system#Pneumatic_deicing_boots|pneumatic deicing boots]] used on earlier Citations.<ref name=aopa2011/><ref name="alnet550"/>{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=31}}
To further reduce drag, the fuselage and engine [[nacelle]] pylons were redesigned, and nacelle fairings were added.<ref name=aopa2011/>{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=31}} Fuel capacity was increased by {{cvt|120|gal|L}}. The result of the improvements was a cruise speed of {{cvt|403|kn|kph}}—exceeding 400 kn, felt to be an important marketing benchmark by Cessna—and a range of {{cvt|1,378|nmi|km}} with a 45-minute [[fuel reserve]].{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|pp=31–32}}
The improved {{cvt|2500|lbf|kN}} JT15D-4B engines had higher temperature-rated components, allowing more thrust at higher altitudes.<ref name=aopa2011/>

The S/II replaced the II from 1984, but some potential buyers objected to the sharp price increase from {{Currency|2.6 million|US|passthrough=yes}} for the II to $3.3M for the S/II, prompting Cessna to reintroduce the II<ref name=aopa2011/> in late 1985; both were built until the Bravo was introduced.<ref name="alnet550"/> Deliveries of the S/II amounted to 160, including fifteen T-47A aircraft purchased by the [[U.S. Navy]].<ref name=Cessna28apr2015/>{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=32}} The S/II's higher performance coupled with its relatively low production total led to substantially higher demand on the used aircraft market compared to the standard II and II/SP.<ref name=aopa2011/>

====Government variants====
The [[US Customs & Border Protection]] purchased ten Citation IIs configured with [[fire control radar]] (initially the [[F-16]]'s [[AN/APG-66]](V), later the [[Selex ES]] Vixen 500E system) and the WF-360TL imaging system.<ref>[http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/border_security/am/operations/oam_vessels/aircraft/fw_aircraft/c550_cessna_factsheet.ctt/c550_cessna_factsheet.pdf Cessna C-550 Fact Sheet]{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 21 August 2011.</ref> These aircraft have been used effectively in Panama, Honduras, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico and Aruba. The similar OT-47B aircraft are based on the [[Cessna Citation V]] airframe.

[[File:T-47A Citation aircraft are parked on the runway. The Citation is used for training naval flight officers - DPLA - 115f98dfa39a6f8ed00c920f88833139.jpeg|thumb|Several U.S. Navy T-47A radar systems trainers seen in 1989]]
The '''T-47A''' was a modified version of the Citation S/II (Model 552) for the U.S. Navy, featuring a {{cvt|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} wingspan reduction and hydraulically boosted [[aileron]]s for improved maneuverability, {{cvt|2900|lbf|kN}} thrust JT15D-5 engines, a cockpit roof window for better pilot visibility during hard maneuvering, strengthened windshields for protection against [[bird strike]]s during high-speed low-altitude sorties, multiple radar consoles, and the [[AN/APQ-159|AN/APQ-167]] radar system.{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=21}}<ref>{{cite report|title=Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles|url=https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/412015l.pdf?ver=2018-12-11-100011-077|publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]|id=DoD 4120.15-L|date=12 May 2004}}</ref> Intended to replace the [[North American Sabreliner|North American T-39D]] as a radar systems [[trainer aircraft]], fifteen aircraft were purchased in 1984 to train naval [[radar intercept officer]]s.{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=21}}

All T-47A aircraft were operated with civil [[aircraft registration]] numbers by Training Air Squadron [[VT-86]] based at [[Naval Air Station Pensacola]], Florida. On July 20, 1993, ten of the fifteen aircraft were destroyed when a roofing contractor accidentally set fire to a hangar at [[Topeka Regional Airport|Forbes Field]] where the aircraft were being stored by Cessna. The five survivors were subsequently transferred to Cessna and other civil owners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.joebaugher.com/navy_serials/thirdseries21.html |title=US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, Third Series (160007 to 163049) |last=Baugher |first=Joe |date=February 27, 2021 |website=joebaugher.com |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>

===Citation Bravo===
The '''Citation Bravo''' first flew on April 25, 1995, was granted certification in August 1996, and was first delivered in February 1997.<!--<ref name="alnet550"/>-->
It features new [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW500|P&WC PW530]]A turbofans, modern [[Honeywell Primus]] EFIS avionics, a revised [[Cessna Citation Ultra|Citation Ultra]] interior and a [[trailing link]] main undercarriage.<ref name="alnet550"/>
Production of the Bravo ceased in late 2006 after 336 had been delivered.<ref name=Cessna28apr2015/>

Its more efficient PW530A generates 15% more thrust at takeoff and 23% more at altitude.<!--<ref name=BCA26feb2018/>-->
It burns {{cvt|1,100|lb}} of fuel in the first hour, dropping to {{cvt|750-830|lb}} the second hour cruising at {{cvt|360-365|kn|km/h}} at FL410-430 and then {{cvt|637|lb}} the third hour at {{cvt|350|kn|km/h}} and FL450.<!--<ref name=BCA26feb2018/>-->
The engine overhaul every 4,000 hours cost $1 million or $275 at [[power by the Hour]].<!--<ref name=BCA26feb2018/>-->
In 2018, early 1997 models starts at $800,000, up to $1.7 million for 2006 planes. The Bravo was replaced by the better-but-more-expensive [[Cessna Citation CJ3|Citation CJ3]].<!--<ref name=BCA26feb2018/>-->
The competing [[Beechjet 400]]A is roomier and faster but needs more fuel and more runway, while the compact [[Learjet 31]]A is faster but has less range. The faster and more expensive [[Cessna Citation V|Citation V Ultra]] has a longer cabin but consumes more fuel.<ref name=BCA26feb2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/datasheets/gated/BCA_201803.pdf |page= 58 |title= Second-Generation Citation II Is Cost-Effective Entry-Level Jet |date=February 26, 2018 |author= Fred George |magazine= Business & Commercial Aviation |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180304054646/http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/datasheets/gated/BCA_201803.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

===Upgrades===
By December 2006, Clifford Development in Ohio had launched a program to re-engine Citation IIs with {{cvt|3,000|lbf|kN}} [[Williams FJ44]]-3 engines for $1.9 million (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=1900000|start_year=2006}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}).<ref name=AIN11dec2006/>
Clifford expected a [[supplemental type certificate|STC]] within 12 months, 21% faster long-range cruise, 29% longer range, 34% better single-engine climb rate and 20% better fuel efficiency.<ref name=AIN11dec2006>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/aviation-international-news/2006-12-11/citation-ii-williams-fj44-3-re-engine-stc-works |title= Citation II Williams FJ44-3 re-engine STC in the works |author= Gordon Gilbert |date=December 11, 2006 |work= AIN online}}</ref>
By May 2007, Sierra Industries in Texas was also developing a similar modification, as 900 Citations qualify for it, directly as a broker and [[Maintenance, repair and operations|MRO]] provider, while Clifford should license its STC.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/aviation-international-news/2007-05-30/mod-firms-give-citation-ii-more-power |title= Mod firms give Citation II more power |author= Ian J. Twombly |date=May 30, 2007 |work= AIN online}}</ref>

In September 2008, the FAA granted a STC to Sierra Industries.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 22, 2008 |title= STC'd: FAA Gives 'The Nod' To FJ44-3A-Powered Sierra Super II |url= http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=9d6ff085-4977-4a69-97f2-fb88885ba641 |work= Aero-News Network}}</ref>
The Super S-II made its first flight on September 26.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/nbaa-2008-sierra-mod-helps-citation-sii-achieve-full-potenital/83287.article |title= NBAA 2008: Sierra mod helps Citation SII 'achieve full potenital' |date= 7 October 2008 |work= flightglobal}}</ref>
The conversion cost $1.9 million in 2009, resulting in a $3.5-4.6 million value for a converted Citation II.<ref name=Flying14apr2009/>
Ceiling is increased from FL 410 to FL 430, reached directly in 25 min at max takeoff weight with a thrust increased from {{cvt|2,500 to 2,820|lbf|kN}} each.<ref name=Flying14apr2009/>
Dual-channel [[full authority digital engine control|FADEC]] allows a much lower residual thrust, eliminating the need for [[thrust reverser]]s.<ref name=Flying14apr2009/>
Max fuel [[payload]] is bumped from {{cvt|328 to 1,278|lb}} for the Citation II, and the S-II can carry {{cvt|400|lb}} more than the initial {{cvt|1,036|lb}}.<ref name=Flying14apr2009/>

Cruise speeds are faster by {{cvt|45 to 400|kn|km/h}} for the 550, and by {{cvt|35 to 420|kn|km/h}} for the Citation S-II.<ref name=Flying14apr2009/>
The converted 550 is 25% more fuel efficient than the JT15D-powered original at the same speed, and burns {{cvt|775|lb}} of fuel per hour at {{cvt|390|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Flying14apr2009/>
The 550 Range is improved by {{cvt|397 to 1,775|nmi|km}}, and by {{cvt|461 to 2,300|nmi|km}} for the S550.<ref name=Flying14apr2009>{{cite news |url= https://www.flyingmag.com/gear/mods/refurbish/citation-iis-sierra-style/ |title= Citation IIs Sierra Style |work= Flying magazine |author= Robert Goyer |date= April 14, 2009}}</ref>
The re-engined S550 can reach {{cvt|446|kn|km/h}} at FL270.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2010/march/01/thrust-buster-sierra-super-s-ii |title= Thrust buster: Sierra Super S-II |date=March 1, 2010 |author=Thomas A. Horne |publisher= Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association}}</ref>
Clifford and its partner Stevens Aviation could also update the flight deck with [[Collins Aerospace|Collins]] ProLine 21 avionics and refurbish the cabin.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.avbuyer.com/articles/jet-maintenance/inside-maintenance-citation-upgrades-20750 |title= Inside maintenance - Citation Upgrades |author= Dave Higdon |date=June 1, 2011 |work= AvBuyer}}</ref>
Clifford was touting a 14% faster optimum cruise speed, and a 32% lower fuel burn for the S550.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.clifforddevelopmentgroup.com/S550Brochure.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100816063609if_/http://www.clifforddevelopmentgroup.com/S550Brochure.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2010-08-16 |title= S550 brochure |publisher= Clifford Development }}</ref>
Sierra was announcing a {{cvt|1,890 and 2,064|nmi|km}} [[Instrument flight rules|IFR]]/[[Visual flight rules|VFR]] range for the re-engined Super II; or a {{cvt|2,340 and 2,610|nmi|km}} IFR/VFR range for the re-engined Super S-II.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sijet.com/download/SIJET_Catalog_2013-14_ALL.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405075028if_/http://www.sijet.com/download/SIJET_Catalog_2013-14_ALL.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2016-04-05 |title= Catalog |publisher= Sierra Industries |date= 2013}}</ref>
By June 2012, Sierra Industries had re-engined 59 various Citations with FJ44s, among avionics retrofit and airframe modifications.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 20, 2012 |title= Sierra Industries Sets New Delivery Records For Modified Citation Aircraft |url= http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=f0396154-21a7-4794-a8e3-6cec414f9741 |work= Aero-News Network}}</ref>

==Variants==
*'''{{visible anchor|Citation II}}''' (Model 550), stretched development of the Model 500 with increased wingspan, fuel capacity and gross weight, first produced in 1978.{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|pp=28–30}} Initially replaced by the S/II in production, but was brought back and produced side by side with the S/II until the Bravo was introduced.<ref name="alnet550">[http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=160 The Cessna Citation II & Bravo from Airliners.net]</ref><ref name="asn550">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-general.php?type=CE-550 Citation II info from Aviation Safety Network]</ref>
*'''Citation II/SP''' (Model 551), single-pilot version of Model 550 with reduced gross weight.<ref name=aopa2011/><ref name="alnet550"/><ref name="asn551">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-general.php?type=CE-551 Citation II/SP info from Aviation Safety Network]</ref>
*'''{{visible anchor|Citation S/II}}''' (Model S550), development of Model 550 introduced in 1984 featuring a supercritical wing with swept wing roots, increased fuel capacity, and various minor improvements. Initially replaced the II in production.<ref name="alnet550"/><ref name="asns550">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-general.php?type=CE-S550 Citation S550 info from Aviation Safety Network]</ref>{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|pp=31–35}}
*'''T-47A''' (Model 552), U.S. Navy radar systems trainer version of S/II with a shortened wingspan, strengthened windshields, cockpit roof windows, more powerful JT15D-5 engines, and military equipment.{{sfn|Szurovy|1999|p=21}}
*'''Citation Bravo''' (Model 550 Bravo),<ref name=Cessna28apr2015/> updated S/II with new PW530A engines, landing gear and Primus 1000 avionics.<ref name="aero-techbravo">[http://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/cessna_bravo/ "Cessna Citation Bravo Light Business Jet Cessna Citation Bravo Light Business Jet, USA", ''Aerospace-Technology.com]</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}<ref name="asn550bravo">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-general.php?type=CE-550B Citation Bravo info from Aviation Safety Network]</ref> The last Citation Bravo rolled off the production line in late 2006, ending a nearly 10-year production run of 337 aircraft.<ref name="ce-bravopress">Cessna Press Release [http://cessna.com/news/article.chtml?ID=uBQrpIyoB9YXpY2ThPrC3b6sq8ZFiDexBamZT6cjuJIaxwoT4m Recent Milestones for Cessna’s Citation Business Jet Programs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226115825/http://cessna.com/news/article.chtml?ID=uBQrpIyoB9YXpY2ThPrC3b6sq8ZFiDexBamZT6cjuJIaxwoT4m |date=February 26, 2008 }} 17 July 2006</ref>

==Operators==
===Military operators===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
;{{Flagu|Argentina}}
* [[Argentine Army Aviation]]<ref name="fiwaf19 p32">Hoyle and Farfad ''Flight International'' 10–16 December 2019, p. 32.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Colombia}}
*[[Colombian Air Force]]
;{{DOM}}
*[[Dominican Republic Air Force]]
;{{Flagu|Ecuador}}
*[[Ecuadorian Army|Ecuadorian Army Aviation]]<ref name="fiwaf12 p37">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 37.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Myanmar}}
* Myanmar Air Force
;{{Flagu|Nigeria}}
* [[Nigerian Air Force]]
;{{Flagu|Pakistan}}
* [[Pakistan Army]]<ref name="fiwaf19 p46">Hoyle and Farfad ''Flight International'' 10–16 December 2019, p. 46.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Saudi Arabia}}
* [[Royal Saudi Air Force]]<ref name="fiwaf19 p48">Hoyle and Farfad ''Flight International'' 10–16 December 2019, p. 48.</ref>
;{{Flagu|South Africa}}
* [[South African Air Force]]
;{{Flagu|Spain}}
* [[Spanish Air Force]]
* [[Spanish Navy]]<ref name="fiwaf19 p49">Hoyle and Farfad ''Flight International'' 10–16 December 2019, p. 49.</ref>
* [[National Police Corps of Spain]] 
;{{Flagu|Sweden}}
* [[Swedish Air Force]]
;{{Flagu|Turkey}}
* [[Turkish Air Force]]
;{{Flagu|United States}}
* [[United States Navy]]
;{{Flagu|Venezuela}}
* [[Venezuelan Air Force]]<ref name="fiwaf19 p54">Hoyle and Farfad ''Flight International'' 10–16 December 2019, p. 54.</ref>
}}

===Civilian operators===
[[File:North Flying Cessna 550.jpg|thumb|Cessna 550 of {{Interlanguage link|North Flying|da}} in 2004]]
;{{Flagu|Austria}}
*Tyrol Air Ambulance<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.taa.at/en/air-ambulance/company/|title = Tyrol Air Ambulance &#124; Company}}</ref>
;{{flagu|Denmark}}
*{{Interlanguage link|North Flying|da}}
;{{flagu|Canada}}
*[[Transport Canada]]
'''{{Flagu|Oman}}'''

* [[Oman aviation services]]
* [[Oman Air]][[File:Oman cessna-citation.webp|thumb|A Oman aviation services Cessna-citation at 1984]]

===Airline operator===
The Citation was also operated by at least one airline in scheduled passenger service, [[Enterprise Airlines]] in the U.S., from the late 1980s to 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com/BE060390intro.html|title = BE060390intro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com/BEproplessproposal1090.html|title = BEproplessproposal1090}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
*On September 4, 2022, in the [[2022 Baltic Sea Cessna Citation crash]], a Cessna 551 heading from [[Jerez Airport|Jerez]], Spain, did not land at its intended destination, [[Cologne]], Germany, but instead kept flying across Germany and the [[Baltic Sea]] where it eventually ran out of fuel and crashed in the sea off [[Ventspils]], Latvia. The pilot had reported problems with air conditioning and pressurization early in the flight but later stopped responding to communications. A possible cause of the crash is that loss of [[Cabin pressurization|cabin pressure]] rendered everyone on board unconscious.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kārlis Miksons |title=Report: Baltic Sea plane crash likely caused by cabin pressure loss |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/economy/transport/report-baltic-sea-plane-crash-likely-caused-by-cabin-pressure-loss.a484788/ |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=LSM}}</ref>
*On May 22, 2025, a 1985 Cessna 551 heading from [[Teterboro Airport]] in New Jersey to [[Montgomery-Gibbs Executive Airport]] in [[San Diego]], California [[2025 San Diego plane crash|crashed]] into military housing in the Murphy Canyon neighbourhood of San Diego, causing extensive fires and six casualties. The NTSB determined several factors that occurred prior to the crash including the pilot not discussing alternate airport weather conditions with the controller, lower than average elevation height during descent, as well as the destination airport’s weather data system and runway lights were not working. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Julie |date=22 May 2025 |title=Multiple people on private plane that crashed into San Diego neighborhood are dead, authorities say |url=https://apnews.com/article/plane-crash-san-diego-5e465454fc0282a81adafc1bfdc142a1 |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

==Specifications (Cessna S550 Citation S/II)==
[[File:Cessna S550 Citation II flight deck N389L 1990.jpg|thumb|Cessna S550 Citation II flight deck while airborne]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94<ref name="Janes 93 p465-6">Lambert 1993, pp. 465–466.</ref>
|prime units?=kts
|genhide=

|crew=Two pilots (One pilot on II/SP)
|capacity=Six to eight passengers
|length m=
|length ft=47
|length in=8+1/2
|span m=
|span ft=52
|span in=2+1/2
|height m=
|height ft=15
|height in=0
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=342.6
|airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA]] 23000<ref name=BCA26feb2018/>
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=8059
|gross weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=15100
|fuel capacity={{convert|862|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on}} usable fuel
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D]]-4B
|eng1 type=[[turbofan]]s
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=2500<!-- jet/rocket engines -->

<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed mach=0.721
|max speed note=(above {{convert|29315|ft|m|abbr=on}}) 
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=403
|cruise speed note=at {{convert|35000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|stall speed kts=82
|stall speed note=([[Calibrated airspeed|CAS]])
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=1998
|range note=(with max fuel)
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=43000
|ceiling note=(max operating altitude)
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=3040
|more performance=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Cessna Citation|Cessna Citation series]]
* [[Cessna Citation I]]
* [[Cessna Citation V]]
|similar aircraft=
*[[Dassault Falcon 10]]
*[[Hawker 400]]
*[[Learjet 31]]
*[[Learjet 35|Learjet 35/36]]
|sequence=
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

* Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". ''[[Flight International]]'', Vol. 182, No. 5370, 11–17 December 2012. pp.&nbsp;40–64. {{ISSN|0015-3710}}.
* Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". ''Flight International'', Vol. 188, No. 5517, 8–14 December 2015. pp.&nbsp;26–53. {{ISSN|0015-3710}}.
* Hoyle, Craig, Farfad, Antoine. "World Air Forces Directory". ''Flight International'', Vol. 196, No. 5715, 10–16 December 2019. pp.&nbsp;26–54. {{ISSN|0015-3710}}.
* Lambert, Mark. ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94''. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. {{ISBN|0-7106-1066-1}}.
* {{cite book |last=Szurovy |first=Geza |date=1999 |title=Cessna Citation Jets |location=Osceola, Wisconsin |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=0-7603-0785-7}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=160 Airliners.net aircraft description page]

{{Citation family}}
{{Cessna}}
{{USAF trainer aircraft}}
{{Swedish military aircraft designations}}
{{Spanish liaison aircraft}}

[[Category:Cessna aircraft|Citation II]]
[[Category:1970s United States business aircraft]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Cruciform tail aircraft]]
[[Category:1980s United States military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Cessna Citation family|Citation 002]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1977]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]