View source for Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group

The mission of the '''Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group''' ('''CBCDG'''), originally designated as '''Special Study Group 2''' or '''SSG-2''' of the [[Group of Ten (economic 1962)|G10]], is to investigate emerging threats to the security of [[banknote]]s and to propose solutions for implementation by issuing authorities. The CBCDG is a [[working group]] of 35 [[central bank]]s and note printing authorities, and is chaired by [[Thomas Jordan (economist)|Thomas Jordan]], the chairman of the [[Swiss National Bank]].

The CBCDG maintains a website designed to advise the public about national laws related to the reproduction of banknotes.<ref>[http://www.rulesforuse.org/pub/index.php?lang=en Banknotes & Counterfeit Deterrence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107160406/http://www.rulesforuse.org/pub/index.php?lang=en |date=2010-01-07 }}, Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group. Accessed 2009-10-10.</ref>

== History ==

The CBCDG was established by the G10 central banks in 2000, in order to counter the threat of computer-based banknote counterfeiting.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release by the Chairman of the Governors of the Group of Ten (G10) |url=https://rulesforuse.org/en/press-releases/press-release-chairman-governors-group-ten-g10 |website=rulesforuse.org |access-date=28 January 2025 |date=10 May 2000}}</ref>

In 2004, CBCDG announced the development of a "[[Counterfeit Deterrence System]]" (CDS) incorporating a technical means for the detection of banknotes.<ref name=PressRelease>[http://www.rulesforuse.org/pub/index.php?lang=en&page=pressreleases Central banks and technology industry join to combat banknote counterfeiting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723034958/http://www.rulesforuse.org/pub/index.php?lang=en&page=pressreleases |date=2018-07-23 }}, Press release 9 March 2004. Accessed 2009-10-10.</ref>  This system was reportedly developed by the U.S.-based [[digital watermark|watermark]] technology company [[Digimarc]].<ref>[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~sjm217/projects/currency/ Software Detection of Currency], http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk, Accessed 2010-04-25</ref> 

[[Adobe Systems]] was subsequently the subject of controversy in when it was revealed that the firm had voluntarily adopted the CDS in [[Adobe Photoshop]], preventing Photoshop from processing some images of currency.  Jasc (publisher of [[Paint Shop Pro]]) and Adobe stated that they had implemented CDS; they reportedly did not receive technical details of the CDS [[algorithm]] (in other words, it was provided to them as a [[Black box (systems)|black box]]).<ref>Ulbrich, Chris. [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61890 "Currency Detector Easy to Defeat"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211194647/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61890 |date=2010-02-11 }}, ''Wired'', 2004-01-14. Accessed 2009-10-10.</ref> Some artists and professional graphic designers suggested that the CDS would make it more difficult for them to use Photoshop to produce images that used currency in lawful ways.<ref>Leyden, John. [https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/01/15/adobe_anticounterfeiting_code_trips_up "Adobe anti-counterfeiting code trips up kosher users"], ''The Register'', 2004-01-15. Accessed 2009-10-10.</ref> [[Steven J. Murdoch]]<ref>[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~sjm217/ Bio], Steven J. Murdoch, www.cl.cam.ac.uk, Accessed 2009-10-10.</ref> has begun a technical investigation of how the CDS works.<ref>[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~sjm217/projects/currency/ Software Detection of Currency], www.cl.cam.ac.uk, Accessed 2009-10-10.</ref>

As of 2022, Digimarc was still partnered with the CBCDG; the company announced that it had renewed an existing agreement with the group, which would now last through the end of 2029.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group and Digimarc Corporation Extend Agreement |url=https://www.digimarc.com/press-releases/2022/12/02/central-bank-counterfeit-deterrence-group-and-digimarc-corporation-extend |website=www.digimarc.com |publisher=Digimarc |access-date=28 January 2025 |language=en |date=2 December 2022}}</ref>

== Member banks ==

The CBCDG consists of central banks in 34 separate countries, as well as the [[European Central Bank]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About CBCDG {{!}} CBCDG |url=https://rulesforuse.org/en/about-cbcdg |website=rulesforuse.org |access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> The countries participating in the CBCDG are:

[[File:CBCDG Members.png|thumb|Map of countries with central banks taking part in the CBCDG]]

{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* The [[Group of Ten (IMF)|G10 members]]:
** {{BEL}}
** {{CAN}}
** {{FRA}}
** {{GER}}
** {{ITA}}
** {{JPN}}
** {{NED}}
** {{SWE}}
** {{SUI}}
** {{GBR}}
** {{USA}}
* {{AUS}}
* {{AUT}}
* {{BGR}}
* {{CYP}}
* {{CZE}}
* {{DNK}}
* {{EST}}
* {{FIN}}
* {{GRC}}
* {{HUN}}
* {{IRL}}
* {{LVA}}
* {{LTU}}
* {{LUX}}
* {{MLT}}
* {{NOR}}
* {{POL}}
* {{PRT}}
* {{SVK}}
* {{SVN}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{ESP}}
* {{TUR}}
}}

==See also==
*[[EURion constellation]]{{snd}}Anti-counterfeiting marking used on various banknotes

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.rulesforuse.org/ CBCDG official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625061054/http://www.rulesforuse.org/ |date=2015-06-25 }}
*[http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cds.html Photoshop and CDS at Adobe website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071116053225/http://www.ecb.int/bc/html/hires.en.html European Central Bank information on obtaining high-resolution banknote images]

[[Category:Money forgery]]