View source for Celerina/Schlarigna

{{Redirect|Celerina}}
{{Infobox Swiss town
 | subject_name		= Celerina/Schlarigna
 | image_photo          = Celerina 02.jpg
 | municipality_type	= municipality
 | imagepath_coa	= CHE Celerina-Schlarigna COA.svg
 | imagepath_flag	= CHE Celerina-Schlarigna Flag.svg
 | languages		= 
 | canton		= Graubünden
 | iso-code-region 	= CH-GR
 | district		= [[Maloja Region|Maloja]]
 |coordinates = {{coord|46|31|N|9|52|E|display=inline,title}}
 | postal_code		= 7505
 | municipality_code	= 3782
 | area			= 24.03
 | elevation		= 1714|elevation_description= 
 | population		= {{Swiss populations NC|CH-GR|3782}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}} |  popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-GR}} 
 | position             = left
 | website		= www.gemeinde-celerina.ch
 | mayor		= |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
 | mayor_title	= |list_of_mayors	= 
 | places		= 
 | demonym		= 
 | neighboring_municipalities= [[Pontresina]], [[Samedan]], [[Sankt-Moritz]]
 | twintowns		= 
|}}
'''Celerina/Schlarigna''' ([[German language|German]]/[[Italian language|Italian]] ''Celerina''; [[Romansh language|Romansh]] {{Audio|Roh-putèr-Schlarigna.ogg|''Schlarigna''}}) is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Maloja Region]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Graubünden]].

==History==
[[File:Johann Heinrich Müller, 1825-1894 J07 Celerina.JPG|thumb|left|Celerina c. 1870, with the hamlet Cresta on the left. Etching by [[commons:Category:Johann Heinrich Müller (1825-1894)|Heinrich Müller]]]]
Celerina/Schlarigna was first mentioned in 1313 as ''Schellarin'' and in 1320 as ''Celarina''. In 1631, a fire destroyed 43 houses. From the 1860s onwards, tourism became more and more important to the village. The [[Cresta Run]] opened in 1884, the [[St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun]] in 1904 and the cable car to Saluver in 1958. In the course of the 20th century, the population structure of the originally [[Romansh language|Romansh]]-speaking farming village underwent radical change, with people moving to the thriving resort from the German-speaking part of Switzerland and also from Italy.<ref name=HDS/>
{{clear|left}}

==Geography==
[[File:Celerina Engadin.jpg|thumb|left|Engadin valley with Celerina/Schlarigna]]
[[File:ETH-BIB-Celerina aus 200 m-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-001572-AL.tif|thumb|Aerial view from 200&nbsp;m by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1919)]]
Celerina/Schlarigna has an area, {{as of|2006|lc=on}}, of {{convert|24|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.  Of this area, 34% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.5% is forested.  Of the rest of the land, 4.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (31.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).<ref name=SFSO/>

It consists of the ''[[haufendorf]]'' village (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) of Celerina/Schlarigna and the [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Crasta, in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district, after 2017 it was part of the Maloja Region.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch.assetdetail.1666963.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz - Mutationsmeldungen 2016] accessed 16 February 2017</ref> The municipality's official name used to be ''Celerina'', until 1943, when it adopted the name ''Schlarigna/Celerina''. In 1950, it was renamed again to ''Celerina/Schlarigna''.<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 September 2009</ref>

It is located in the upper [[Engadin]] valley in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district and is across from the entrance of the [[Bernina Pass]] into the Engadin. The village is located between [[St. Moritz]], [[Samedan]] and [[Pontresina]]. The famous [[Cresta Run]] for [[tobogganing]] leads from St.Moritz to the Cresta neighbourhood of Celerina.

==Demographics==
Celerina/Schlarigna has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-GR}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3782}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}  {{as of|2008}}, 31.8% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.<ref name=Population/>  Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 13.7%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=January 5, 2016 }} accessed 20-Oct-2009</ref>

{{as of|2000}}, the gender distribution of the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.<ref name=GR_Numbers>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx Graubunden in Numbers] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000647/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx |date=September 24, 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref>  The age distribution, {{as of|2000|lc=on}}, in Celerina/Schlarigna is; 152 children or 11.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old.  78 teenagers or 5.8% are 10 to 14, and 68 teenagers or 5.0% are 15 to 19.  Of the adult population, 215 people or 15.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  279 people or 20.6% are 30 to 39, 222 people or 16.4% are 40 to 49, and 169 people or 12.5% are 50 to 59.  The senior population distribution is 85 people or 6.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 56 people or 4.1% are 70 to 79, there are 27 people or 2.0% who are 80 to 89, and there are 2 people or 0.1% who are 90 to 99.<ref name=Population>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx Graubunden Population Statistics] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827132227/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx |date=August 27, 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref>

In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 30.3% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (29.3%), the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (26.9%) and the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (10.2%).<ref name=SFSO/>

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated.  In Celerina/Schlarigna about 69.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either University or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>

Celerina/Schlarigna has an unemployment rate of 1.47%.  {{as of|2005}}, there were 20 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 5 businesses involved in this sector.  153 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 22 businesses in this sector.  564 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 85 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>

From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 641 or 47.4% are [[Roman Catholic]], while 532 or 39.3% belonged to the  Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population,  there are 17 individuals (or about 1.26% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 10 individuals (or about 0.74% of the population) who belong to another Christian church.  There are 11 individuals (or about 0.81% of the population) who are [[Judaism|Jewish]].  There are 5 individuals (or about 0.37% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 84 (or about 6.21% of the population) belong to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 53 individuals (or about 3.92% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=Population/>

The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|1538|Celerina/Schlarigna}}</ref><ref name=GR_Numbers/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! year
! population 
|-
| 1850
| 245 
|-
| 1900
|  341
|-
| 1950
|  713
|-
| 1960
| 868
|-
| 1970
| 983
|-
| 1980
| 890
|-
| 1990
| 975
|-
| 2000
| 1,353
|-
|}

==Languages==
Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (58.3%), with Italian  being second most common (19.3%) and [[Romansh language|Romansh]] being third (12.8%).<ref name=SFSO/>  Until the mid 19th Century, the entire population spoke the Upper-Engadin Romansh dialect of [[Puter (dialect)|Puter]].  Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline.  In 1860 about 96% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1880 it had decreased to 76.9% and in 1900 it was 68%.  The last time that Romansh was the majority language in Celerina/Schlarigna was in 1941.  Following [[World War II]] German became the majority language.  However, in 1990 there were still 41% who understood Romansh in Celerina/Schlarigna and in 2000 it was 35%.

{| class="wikitable"  
|+ Languages in Celerina/Schlarigna GR
|-----
! rowspan="2" | Languages !! colspan="2" | Census 1980 !! colspan="2" | Census 1990 !! colspan="2" | Census 2000
|-----
! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent
|-----
|[[German language|German]] || align=right | 390 || align=right | 43.82% || align=right | 535 || align=right | 54.87% || align=right | 789 || align=right | 58.31%
|-----
|[[Romansh language|Romansh]] || align=right | 273 || align=right | 30.67% || align=right | 198 || align=right | 20.31% || align=right | 173 || align=right | 12.79%
|-----
|[[Italian language|Italian]] || align=right | 178 || align=right | 20.00% || align=right | 176 || align=right | 18.05% || align=right | 261 || align=right | 19.29%
|-----
|'''Population''' || align=right | 890 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 975 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 1353 || align=right | 100%
|}

==Heritage sites of national significance==
[[File:Celerina 03.jpg|thumb|San Gian church with its ruined bell tower]]
The [[Swiss Reformed Church]] of ''San Gian'' is listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501142322/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html |date=May 1, 2009 }} 21.11.2008 version, {{in lang|de}} accessed 20-Oct-2009</ref>  The church is located on a hill above the [[Inn River]].  It was built in 1478 on the site of a chapel that was about 500 years older.  The church is a single [[apse]] construction with a painted wood roof and notable [[fresco]]es.  In 1682 the large bell tower was struck by lightning and the burned-out roof was never replaced.

==Tourism==
[[Image:St-Moritz-Celerina.jpg|left|thumb|View of [[St Moritz]] and Celerina.]]
As Celerina/Schlarigna is located at the edge of the plain where the Flaz river (coming from the Bernina Pass) meets the Inn, this is the widest part of the Engadin valley, making Celerina the sunniest spot in the upper Engadin valley. Unlike [[St. Moritz]], its more famous neighbouring town to the south-west, Celerina has retained many historic buildings in its town centre, many dating back to the 17th century. The town has three historic churches: the small Romanesque church in Cresta, the gothic church of San Gian (current structure dating to 1478, but based on a chapel at least 400 years older than that) in the middle of the plain, and the baroque-style, 1669 ''Bel Taimpel'' in the heart of the village.

Formerly a farming village, over the last few decades the importance of tourism has increased dramatically in Celerina/Schlarigna. There are no really big hotels, but a handful of medium and small hotels and inns. The core tourism, however, stems from vacation apartments, both owner-occupied second homes and temporary rentals. There is both summer and winter tourism. The winter season is more important. Summer guests enjoy [[hiking]] and [[mountaineering]]; [[mountain biking]] has also become popular. Nearby there are also opportunities for [[golf]], glider flying, swimming and hang-gliding. Winter sports include both Nordic and alpine [[skiing]], [[bobsleigh]], and [[skeleton (sport)|skeleton]] (the famous Cresta Run ends in Celerina). There is a direct skiers gondola from Celerina into the heart of the [[St.Moritz]] ski area of Corviglia/Marguns, a major portion of which lies in the municipality of Celerina/Schlarigna.

==Transportation==
The municipality has three railway stations: {{rws|Celerina}}, {{rws|Celerina Staz}}, {{rws|Punt Muragl Staz}}. All three are on lines of the [[Rhaetian Railway]] and between them have regular service to {{rws|St. Moritz}}, {{rws|Chur}}, {{rws|Landquart}}, and {{stl|Rhaetian Railway|Tirano}}.

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Commons category|Celerina/Schlarigna}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.gemeinde-celerina.ch Celerina/Schlarigna] - Official website of the municipality
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901154700/http://www.celerina.ch/ Celerina] - Tourist office
*{{HDS|1538}}

{{Municipalities of the Maloja Region}}
{{Engadin villages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Celerina Schlarigna}}
[[Category:Celerina/Schlarigna| ]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Inn (river)]]