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{{Short description|Japanese electronics company (est. 1946)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
| logo = Casio logo.svg
| image = Casio_HQ1.jpg
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Shibuya, Tokyo]]
| caption = 
| native_name = カシオ計算機株式会社
| romanized_name = ''Kashio Keisanki Kabushiki-gaisha''
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{TYO|6952}}
| slogan = 
| foundation = {{plainlist|
* {{start date and age|df=yes|1946|4}} (as Kashio Seisakujo)<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://world.casio.com/corporate/history/|title=History|access-date=30 April 2012|publisher=Casio Computer Co., Ltd.}}</ref>
* {{start date and age|df=yes|1957|6}} (as Casio Computer Co., Ltd.)
}}
| founders = {{ubl|Tadao Kashio|Toshio Kashio}}
| location = [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], Japan<ref name="profile">{{cite web|url=https://world.casio.com/corporate/profile/?_ga=2.266251786.446284250.1582347473-1747320341.1571484870|title=Company Data|work=Casio|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref>
| key_people = Yuichi Masuda<ref>{{cite web |title=Directors and Executive Officers |url=https://world.casio.com/corporate/profile/directors/ |publisher=Casio}}</ref> ([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Electronics industry|Electronics]]
| products = {{plainlist|
* [[Watch]]es
* [[clock]]s
* [[calculator]]s
* [[digital camera]]s
* [[electronic musical instrument]]s
* [[label printer]]s
* [[Printer (computing)|page printers]]
* [[Personal computer|office computers]]
}}
| revenue = {{up}} {{yen|268.8 billion|link=yes}} (2024)<ref name="NTTWP">{{cite web|title=Casio Computer Co Corporation Financial Statements  |url=https://world.casio.com/content/dam/casio/global/corporate/en/ir/library/results/2024/results24_all.pdf|publisher=Casio Computer Co |access-date=October 2, 2024}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{yen|22.01 billion}} (2024)<ref name="NTTWP"/>
| net_income = {{down}} {{yen|14.21 billion}} (2024)<ref name="NTTWP"/>
| assets = {{up}} {{yen|349.9 billion}} (2024)<ref name="NTTWP"/>
| equity = {{down}} {{yen|203.3 billion}} (2024)<ref name="NTTWP"/>
| num_employees = 9,594 (2024)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://world.casio.com/content/dam/casio/global/corporate/en/ir/library/results/2024/summary24_all.pdf |title=Consolidated Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended Mar.31, 2024 |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=Casio Computer Co}}</ref>
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list|Casio (China) Co., Ltd.|Casio (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.|Casio Electronic Technology (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd.|Casio Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.|Casio Timepiece (Dongguan) Co., Ltd.|Casio Electronics (Shaoguan) Co., Ltd.|Casio Taiwan Co., Ltd.|Casio India Co., Pvt. Ltd.|Casio Taiwan Co., Ltd.|Casio Singapore Pte., Ltd.|Casio (Thailand) Co., Ltd.|Casio Marketing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.|Casio Malaysia, Sdn. Bhd.|Casio Canada Ltd.|Casio America Inc.|Casio Mexico Marketing, S. de R. L. de C.V.|Casio Brasil Comercio de Produtos Eletronicos Ltda.|Casio Latin America S.A.|Casio Electronics Co. Ltd.|Casio Europe GmbH|Casio France S.A.S.|Casio Benelux B.V.|Casio Espana, S.L.|Casio Italia S.r.l.|Casio Middle East and Africa FZE}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://world.casio.com}}
}}

{{nihongo|'''Casio Computer Co., Ltd.'''{{refn|group=note|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|s|i|oʊ}}, {{IPA|ja|kaɕio}}.}}|カシオ計算機株式会社|Kashio Keisanki Kabushiki-gaisha}} is a Japanese [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] electronics manufacturing corporation headquartered in [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], Japan. Its products include [[calculator]]s, [[mobile phone]]s, [[digital camera]]s, [[electronic musical instrument]]s, and [[analog watch|analogue]] and [[digital watch]]es. It was founded in 1946, and in 1957 introduced the first entirely compact electronic calculator. It was an early digital camera innovator, and during the 1980s and 1990s, the company developed numerous affordable home electronic keyboards for musicians along with introducing the first mass-produced digital watches.

==History==
Casio was established as Kashio Seisakujo in April 1946 by {{ill|Tadao Kashio|ja|樫尾忠雄}} (1917–1993), an [[engineer]] specializing in fabrication technology.<ref name="History"/> Kashio's first major product was the yubiwa pipe, a finger ring that would hold a [[cigarette]], allowing the wearer to [[smoking in Japan|smoke]] the cigarette down to its nub while also leaving the wearer's hands free.<ref name="Casio-Europe">{{cite web |title=CASIO Corporate History 1954 |access-date=13 February 2016 |url=http://www.casio-europe.com/euro/corporate/corporatehistory/detail/1954/ |website=CASIO-Europe |publisher=CASIO Europe GmbH |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219065117/http://www.casio-europe.com/euro/corporate/corporatehistory/detail/1954/ |archive-date=19 February 2016}}</ref> Japan was impoverished immediately following [[World War II]], so cigarettes were valuable, and the invention was a success.

After seeing the electric calculators at the first Business Show in [[Ginza]], Tokyo in 1949, Kashio and his younger brothers (Toshio, Kazuo, and Yukio) used their profits from the yubiwa pipe to develop their calculators. Most of the calculators at that time worked using gears and could be operated by hand using a crank or using a motor (see [[adding machine]]).

[[File:Casio 14-A calculator - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07314.JPG|thumb|left|The model 14-A, the first electronic calculator produced by Casio]]
Toshio possessed some knowledge of electronics and set out to make a calculator using [[solenoid]]s. After dozens of prototypes were tested, the desk-sized calculator was finished in 1954 and was Japan's first electro-mechanical calculator. One of the central and more important innovations of the calculator was its adoption of the 10-key number pad; at that time other calculators were using a "full keypad", which meant that each place in the number (1s, 10s, 100s, etc. ...) had nine keys. Another distinguishing innovation was the use of a single display window instead of the three display windows (one for each argument and one for the answer) used in other calculators.<ref name="History" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://astrumpeople.com/tadao-kashio-biography/ |title=Tadao Kashio Biography: History of Casio Computer Company |date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>

Casio Computer Co., Ltd. was formed in June 1957.<ref name="History"/> That year, Casio released the Model 14-A, sold for 485,000 [[Japanese yen|yen]],<ref>[http://www.dentaku-museum.com/calc/calculator/casiod/casiod.html Casio desktop calculator] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112230255/http://www.dentaku-museum.com/calc/calculator/casiod/casiod.html |date=12 January 2008 }} by Dentaku Museum.</ref> the first all-electric compact calculator, which was based on relay technology.<ref>{{cite book|title=Empire of the Sum: The Rise and Reign of the Pocket Calculator |last=Houston|first=Keith|publisher=Norton |year=2023 |isbn=978-0-393-88214-8|url=https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393882148}}</ref>

In 1974, Casio released their first digital wristwatch, called the CASIOTRON. It was the first wristwatch in the world to include an automatic calendar function.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://habilitateblog.com/the-history-of-casio-watches/#:~:text=Casio%27s%20first%20electronic%20watch%20came,a%20fully%20automatic%20calendar%20function | title=The History of Casio Watches | date=23 March 2022 }}</ref> In 1977, they released a [[Retrofuturism|retro-futuristic]] wristwatch, called the F100. The watch was one of the first wristwatches in the world to be made primarily out of [[resin]], making it very light compared to other companies' heavy metal-made watches and enabling future Casio watches to enter [[mass production]] more easily.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gq.com/story/casio-a100we-1avt-vintage-watch-aliens#:~:text=The%20F100%20was%20first%20released,blasting%20vicious%20extraterrestrials%20into%20space | title=This Casio is Inspired by the One from 'Alien' | date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> In 1989, Casio released another important wristwatch; the [[Casio F-91W|F-91W]], the most sold wristwatch in the world with an annual production of 3 million units.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iconeye.com/opinion/icon-of-the-month/casio-f-91w | title=Casio F-91W – the classic quartz digital watch - ICON Magazine | date=19 August 2011 }}</ref>

In the 1980s, Casio's budget electronic instruments and its line of affordable home electronic [[Keyboard instrument|musical keyboard instruments]] became popular. The company also became well known for the wide variety and innovation of its [[wristwatch]]es. It was one of the earliest manufacturers of [[Quartz clock|quartz watches]], both digital and analog. It also began selling [[calculator watch]]es during this time. Casio also introduced one of the first watches that could display the time in many different [[time zone]]s of the world and with features like recording temperature, atmospheric-pressure and altitude. In the later years, Casio's wristwatches were fitted with receivers to synchronise with radio towers around the world and [[Global Positioning System]] for timekeeping accuracy.

A number of notable digital camera innovations have also been made by Casio, including the QV-10, the first consumer digital camera with a [[liquid-crystal display]] (LCD) on the back<ref name="Casio"/> (developed by a team led by Hiroyuki Suetaka in 1995), the first consumer three-megapixel camera, the first true ultra-compact model, and the first digital camera to incorporate ceramic lens technology, using [[Lumicera]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dpreview.com/articles/7434120861/casioceramiclens |title=Casio's ceramic lens |website=DPReview}}</ref>

In July 2019, the company's UK arm, Casio Electronics Co. Ltd, was fined £3.7 million after admitting [[resale price maintenance]] (a form of [[price-fixing]]) on their line of [[digital keyboard]]s and [[digital pianos]] between 2013 and 2018, in breach of the United Kingdom's [[Competition Act 1998]].<ref name="Kollewe">{{cite news |last1=Kollewe |first1=Julia |title=Guitar maker Fender fined £4.5m for price fixing in UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/22/guitar-maker-fender-fined-45m-for-price-fixing-in-uk |access-date=22 January 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="cmA">{{cite web |title=Piano supplier fined £3.7m for illegally preventing price discounts |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/piano-supplier-fined-3-7m-for-illegally-preventing-price-discounts |publisher=[[Competition and Markets Authority]] |access-date=22 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Products==
Casio's products include [[watch]]es, [[calculator]]s, [[electronic keyboard]]s and other digital products such as [[Digital photography|digital camera]]s ([[Exilim]] series), [[film camera]]s, [[cash register]]s, [[laptop]]s and [[sub-notebook]] computers, [[mobile phone]]s, [[Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] (E-Data Bank), [[Electronic dictionary|electronic dictionaries]], [[Casio digital diary|digital diaries]] (early PDAs), [[Handheld electronic game|electronic games]], [[personal computer]]s (e.g. FP-1000, FP-200), [[computer printer]]s, [[clock]]s, and [[Handheld television|portable televisions]].

In the 1970s and 80s, Casio was best known for its electronic (including scientific) calculators, electronic musical instruments and affordable digital watches incorporating innovative technology. Today, Casio is most commonly known for making durable and reliable electronic products.<ref name="Casio">Review: [http://www.casio-intl.com/asia-mea/en/calc/history/ Casio:History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011081329/http://www2.casio-intl.com/asia-mea/en/calc/history/ |date=11 October 2016 }}</ref> The [[G-Shock]] range of shock-resistant watches is also very popular, with the original 1983 G-Shock DW-5000C being highly sought-after by collectors. The scientific calculators made by Casio especially the CLASSWIZ series of calculators are known for being affordable while incorporating a host of functions as compared to their competitors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mathclasscalculator.com/index.php/calculators/scientific/casio-classwiz-fx-991ex-full-review/|title=Casio CLASSWIZ FX-991EX Full Review|date=21 March 2018 |access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref>

Casio also makes products for local markets, including "Prayer Compass" watch series designed to help Muslims pray on time and in the right direction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.casio-intl.com/asia-mea/en/wat/prayercompass/|title=PRAYER COMPASS|publisher=Casio|access-date=22 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316155733/http://www.casio-intl.com/asia-mea/en/wat/prayercompass/|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Casio EX-word XD-Z6500 in 201901 003.jpg|EX-word XD-Z6500 [[Electronic dictionary]]
File:Cassiopeia 26d06.jpg|Cassiopeia [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]]
File:Casio Exilim ZR800 Front B1107.jpg|ZR800 [[Digital camera]]
File:Casio Exilim EX-S1 and EX-S600.jpg|EX-S1 and EX-S600 Digital cameras
File:Au W63CA Titanium Gold 1.jpg|W63CA [[Mobile phone]]
File:Casiofx-122S.jpg|V.P.A.M. fx-122S [[Scientific calculator]]
File:Casio fx-102 (1976).jpg|fx-102 (1976)
File:Casio calculator JS-20WK in 201901 002.jpg|JF-20WK premium desk calculator
File:Casio-fx115ES-5564.jpg|fx-115ES [[Scientific calculator]] with [[Calculator input methods|Natural Display]]
File:FC-100V.jpg|FC-100V financial calculator
File:Casio QL-10 - combination of pocket calculator and cigarette lighter, circa 1978.jpg|QL-10 Pocket calculator with a built in cigarette lighter
File:Casio FX-700P.JPG|Casio FX-700P programmable calculator
File:Casio fx-7000G FullLength.JPG|[[Casio fx-7000G|fx-7000G]], the first [[graphing calculator]]
File:Casio message mode examen.jpg|FX CP-400 Classpad colour touchscreen calculator
File:Casio Calculator with external memory (16431858006).jpg|PB-110 Databank calculator with external tape recorder dock
File:Kassensystem CASIO.jpg|V-R200 point of sale system
File:CASIO Label Printer.JPG|KL-60 Label Printer
File:Casio PB-770 IMG 4272.jpg|PB-770 pocket computer, with FA-11 extension dock
File:Casio Digital Diary SF-R20 open.JPG|SF-R20 Digital Diary (early PDA)
File:Watch and calculator.jpg|TS-150 watch (left) and FX-991EX scientific calculator (right)
File:Casio Sport outgear SGW-400HD-1BV.jpg|Casio Sport OutGear SGW-400HD-1BV
File:Casio F-91W 5051.jpg|[[Casio F-91W|F-91W]] Digital watch
File:Casio mtp4700.jpg|MTP 4700 - Pilot watch
File:Casio efa120.jpg|EFA 120 - Edifice watch
File:Casio W-96H-4A2V.jpg|W-96H Digital watch
File:Casio wmp1 docking station.JPG|WMP1 portable MP3 watch
File:Wikipedia-Casio-G-Shock-Edelstahl-800.jpg|GMW-B5000 A [[G-Shock]] watch with full metal construction
File:Casio EQW M 1000 d.jpg|Edifice EQW-M1000 multi-function analog watch
File:Edifice ECB-800D-1A.jpg|Edifice ECB-800D-1A
File:Casio Edifice EQB-1100D-1A wrist watch.jpg|Edifice EQB-1100D-1A
File:CASIO ATC-1100 (2058507659).jpg|ATC-1100 Triple Sensor Watch
File:Casio PRW-1000TJ 01.JPG|Pro Trek PRW-1000TJ Triple Sensor Watch in compass mode
File:Twincept.jpg|ProTrek PRT-505 "TwinCept" watch
File:2019120304 Casio ProTrek PRW 60Y-1AER display stopwatch 2019.jpg|PRW-60Y ProTrek triple sensor ana-digi watch with tough movement technology
File:Casio G-Shock Master of G Rangeman GW-9400J-1JF.jpg|G-Shock GW9400 Rangeman watch with triple sensors and tough solar technology
File:Casio Tough Solar Wave Ceptor.jpg|Tough Solar "Wave Ceptor" watch
File:Casio vl tone.jpg|[[Casio VL-1|VL-Tone VL-1]]
File:Casio SK-1.jpg|[[Casio SK-1|Sampletone SK-1]]
File:Casiotone 201.jpg|[[Casiotone]] 201
File:Casio CZ-1.jpg|[[Casio CZ synthesizers|CZ-1 digital synthesizer]]
File:Casio az1.jpg|AZ-1 [[keytar]]
File:Casio PG-380 synth guitar.jpg|PG-380 [[MIDI Guitar#MIDI guitars|MIDI Guitar]]
File:CASIO DH-800.jpg|DH-800 Digital Horn
File:Casio CTK-496 keyboard.jpg|CTK-496 [[Casiotone|home keyboard]]
File:Casio WK-200 details 1.jpg|WK-200 [[Music workstation|workstation keyboard]]
File:Casio Privia PX-130.jpg|[[Casio Privia|Privia]] PX-130 digital piano
File:Casio Celviano AP620.jpg|Celviano AP-620
File:Casio Privia PX-330.jpg|Privia PX-330
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tokyo|Companies}}
* [[Casio graphic calculators]]
* [[Quartz crisis]]
* [[Seiko]]
* [[Timex Group|Timex]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<!--<ref name=pt801>{{cite web|title=Casio PT-80|url=http://www.synthmuseum.com/casio/caspt8001.html|publisher=Synthmuseum|access-date=7 September 2015}}</ref>-->
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Casio}}
* [http://world.casio.com/ Casio Worldwide]

{{Casio}}
{{Casio-calc}}
{{Japanese Electronics Industry}}
{{Nikkei 225}}
{{Major point of sale companies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Casio| ]]
[[Category:1970s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Audio equipment manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Clock brands]]
[[Category:Companies in the Nikkei 225]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies related to wearable computers]]
[[Category:Computer companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Defense companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Electronic calculator companies]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese brands]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Mobile phone manufacturers]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Japan]]
[[Category:Musical instrument manufacturing companies based in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Photography equipment manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Piano manufacturing companies]]
[[Category:Point of sale companies]]
[[Category:Synthesizer manufacturing companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Watch brands]]
[[Category:Watch manufacturing companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Watchmaking conglomerates]]