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{{Short description|American baseball player and manager (1890–1975)}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=Casey Stengel
|image=Casey Stengel - New York Yankees - 1957.jpg
|caption=Stengel in 1957
|position=[[Right fielder]] / [[Manager (baseball)|Manager]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1890|7|30}}
|birth_place=[[Kansas City, Missouri]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1975|9|29|1890|7|30}}
|death_place=[[Glendale, California]], U.S.
|bats=Left
|throws=Left
|debutleague=MLB
|debutdate=September 17
|debutyear=1912
|debutteam=Brooklyn Dodgers
|finalleague=MLB
|finaldate=May 19
|finalyear=1925
|finalteam=Boston Braves
|statleague=MLB
|stat1label=[[Batting average (baseball)|Batting average]]
|stat1value=.284
|stat2label=[[Home run]]s
|stat2value=60
|stat3label=[[Runs batted in]]
|stat3value=535
|stat4label=Managerial record
|stat4value=1,905–1,842
|stat5label=Winning %
|stat5value={{Winning percentage|1905|1842}}
|teams=
; As player
* [[Los Angeles Dodgers#Brooklyn Dodgers|Brooklyn Dodgers / Superbas / Robins]] ({{mlby|1912}}–{{mlby|1917}})
* [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] ({{mlby|1918}}–{{mlby|1919}})
* [[Philadelphia Phillies]] ({{mlby|1920}}–{{mlby|1921}})
* [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] ({{mlby|1921}}–{{mlby|1923}})
* [[Boston Braves]] ({{mlby|1924}}–{{mlby|1925}})
; As manager
* [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] ({{mlby|1934}}–{{mlby|1936}})
* [[Boston Braves]] ({{mlby|1938}}–{{mlby|1943}})
* [[New York Yankees]] ({{mlby|1949}}–{{mlby|1960}})
* [[New York Mets]] ({{mlby|1962}}–{{mlby|1965}})
; As coach
* [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] ({{mlby|1932}}–{{mlby|1933}})
|highlights=
* 9× [[World Series champion]] ({{wsy|1921}}, {{wsy|1922}}, {{wsy|1949}}–{{wsy|1953}}, {{wsy|1956}}, {{wsy|1958}})
* [[New York Yankees#Retired numbers|New York Yankees No. 37]] retired
* [[New York Mets#Retired numbers|New York Mets No. 37]] retired
* [[Monument Park (Yankee Stadium)|Monument Park]] honoree
* [[New York Mets Hall of Fame]]
* [[Major League Baseball All-Time Team]]
|hoflink = National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
|hoftype = National
|hofdate = [[1966 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1966]]
|hofmethod = Veterans Committee
}}
'''Charles Dillon''' "'''Casey'''" '''Stengel''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|ɛ|ŋ|ɡ|əl}}; July 30, 1890 – September 29, 1975) was an American [[Major League Baseball]] [[right fielder]] and [[Manager (baseball)|manager]], best known as the manager of the championship [[New York Yankees]] of the 1950s and later, the expansion [[New York Mets]]. Nicknamed "'''the Ol' Perfessor'''", he was elected to the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in {{baseball year|1966}}.

Stengel was born in [[Kansas City, Missouri]], in 1890. In 1910, he began a professional baseball career that would span over half a century. After almost three seasons in the [[minor league]]s, Stengel reached the major leagues late in 1912, as an [[outfielder]], for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]]. His six seasons there saw some success, among them playing for Brooklyn's 1916 [[National League (baseball)|National League]] championship team. During this time he also developed a reputation as a clown. After repeated clashes over pay with the Dodgers owner, [[Charlie Ebbets]], Stengel was traded to the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] in 1918; however, he enlisted in the Navy that summer, for the remainder of World War I. After returning to baseball, he continued his pay disputes, resulting in trades to the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] (in 1919) and to the [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]]  (in 1921). There, he learned much about baseball from the manager, [[John McGraw]], and had a number of highlights in his career, including hitting an [[inside-the-park home run]] in Game 1 of the [[1923 World Series]] to defeat the Yankees. His major league playing career ended with the [[Boston Braves]] in 1925, after which he began a career as a manager.

The first twenty years of Stengel's second career brought mostly poor finishes, especially during his MLB managerial stints with the Dodgers (1934–1936) and Braves (1938–1943). He thereafter enjoyed some success on the minor league level, and Yankee [[general manager (baseball)|general manager]] [[George Weiss (baseball)|George Weiss]] hired him as manager in October 1948. Stengel's Yankees won the [[World Series]] five consecutive years (1949–1953), the only time that has been achieved. Although the team won ten [[pennant (sports)|pennants]] in his twelve seasons and won seven World Series, his final two years brought less success, with a third-place finish in 1959 and a loss in the [[1960 World Series]]. By then aged 70, he was dismissed by the Yankees shortly after their defeat.

Stengel had become well known for his humorous and sometimes disjointed way of speech during his time with the Yankees, and these skills of showmanship served the expansion Mets well when they hired him in late 1961. He promoted the team tirelessly, as well as managing it to a 40–120 win–loss record, the most losses of any 20th century MLB team. The team finished last all four years he managed it, but was boosted by considerable support from fans. Stengel retired in 1965, and became a fixture at baseball events for the rest of his life. Although Stengel is sometimes described as one of the great managers in major league history, others have contrasted his success during the Yankee years with his lack of success at other times, and concluded he was a good manager only when given good players. Stengel is remembered as one of the great characters in baseball history.

==Early life==
Charles Dillon Stengel was born on July 30, 1890, in [[Kansas City, Missouri]]. His ancestry included German and Irish; his parents—Louis Stengel and Jennie (Jordan) Stengel—were from the [[Quad Cities]] area of Illinois and Iowa, and had moved to Kansas City soon after their 1886 wedding so Louis could take an insurance job. "Charlie" was the youngest of three children, and the second son.  Charlie Stengel played [[sandlot baseball]] as a child, and also played baseball, football and basketball at Kansas City's [[Central Academy of Excellence|Central High School]]. His basketball team won the city championship, while the baseball team won the state championship.<ref name=sabr>{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Bishop|url=http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bd6a83d8|title=Casey Stengel|publisher=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]|access-date=October 3, 2017|archive-date=August 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831142607/http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bd6a83d8|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Creamer|pp=20–24}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=15}}

As a teenager, Stengel played on a number of [[Semi-professional|semipro]] baseball teams.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=32–33}} He played on the traveling team called the Kansas City Red Sox during the summers of 1908 and 1909, going as far west as Wyoming and earning a dollar a day. He was offered a contract by the [[minor league]] [[Kansas City Blues (American Association)|Kansas City Blues]] for $135 a month, more money than his father was making. Since young Stengel was underage, his father had to agree, which he did. Louis Stengel recalled, "So I put down my paper and signed. You could never change that boy's mind anyway".{{sfn|Bak|pp=8–9}}

==Playing career==
===Minor leagues===
[[File:1910 T210 Old Mill Casey Stengel.png|thumb|upright=0.65|left|alt=a young man in an old-style baseball uniform wears a glove and stares at the camera|Stengel as a member of the Maysville Rivermen, 1910]]

Before reporting to [[spring training]] for the Blues in early 1910 at [[Excelsior Springs, Missouri]], Stengel was approached by his neighbor, [[Kid Nichols]], a former star pitcher, who advised him to listen to his manager and to the older players, and if he was minded to reject their advice, at least think it over for a month or so first.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=40–41}} Stengel failed to make the ball club, which was part of the [[American Association (20th century)|American Association]], considered one of the top [[Minor League Baseball|minor leagues]]. Kansas City [[option (baseball)|optioned]] Stengel to the [[Kankakee Kays]] of the Class D [[Northern Association]], a lower-level minor league, to gain experience as an outfielder. He had a .251 [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]] with Kankakee when the league folded in July. He found a place with the [[Shelbyville Grays]], who moved mid-season and became the [[Maysville Rivermen]], of the Class D [[Blue Grass League]], batting .221.<ref name=sabr/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19600511&id=ggowAAAAIBAJ&pg=5699,4438521&hl=en|page=15|last=Holmes|first=Tommy|title=It's a Long Way Back to Kankakee|newspaper=[[Toledo Blade]]|date=May 11, 1960|access-date=October 11, 2017|archive-date=April 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408024239/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19600511&id=ggowAAAAIBAJ&pg=5699,4438521&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> He returned to the Blues for the final week of the season, with his combined batting average for 1910 at .237.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=25}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote =  I want to thank my parents for letting me play baseball, and I'm thankful I had baseball knuckles and couldn't become a dentist.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Bak|p=1}}}}

Uncertain of whether he would be successful as a baseball player, Stengel attended [[Western Dental College]] in the 1910–1911 offseason. He would later tell stories of his woes as a left-handed would-be dentist using right-handed equipment. The Blues sold Stengel to the [[Aurora Blues]] of the Class C [[Wisconsin–Illinois League]]. He led the league with a .352 batting average. [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] [[scout (sport)|scout]] Larry Sutton took a trip from Chicago to nearby Aurora, noticed Stengel, and the Dodgers purchased his contract on September 1, 1911. Brooklyn outfielder [[Zach Wheat]] later claimed credit for tipping off Sutton that Stengel was worth signing. Stengel finished the season with Aurora and returned to dental school for the offseason.<ref name=sabr/>{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=25–29}}

The Dodgers assigned Stengel to the [[Montgomery Rebels]] of the Class A [[Southern Association]] for the 1912 season. Playing for manager [[Kid Elberfeld]], Stengel batted .290 and led the league in [[assist (baseball)|outfield assists]]. He also developed a reputation as an eccentric player. Scout [[Mike Kahoe]] referred to Stengel as a "dandy ballplayer, but it's all from the neck down".<ref name=sabr/> After reporting to Brooklyn in September and getting a taste of the big leagues, he spent a third offseason at dental school in 1912–1913. He did not graduate, though whenever his baseball career hit a bad patch in the years to follow, his wife Edna would urge him to get his degree.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=29}}

===Brooklyn years (1912–1917)===
{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote =  They brought me up to the Brooklyn Dodgers, which at that time was in Brooklyn.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Bak|p=22}}}}

In later years, Casey Stengel told stories of his coming to Brooklyn to play for the Dodgers; most focused on his naïveté and were, at least, exaggerated.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=56–57}} Wheat was from the Kansas City area and watched over Stengel, getting the young player a locker next to his and working with him on outfield technique.{{sfn|James 1997|loc=5248}} Stengel made his MLB debut at Brooklyn's [[Washington Park (baseball)|Washington Park]] on September 17, 1912, as the starting [[center fielder]],<ref name=sabr/> and went 4–4 with a walk, two stolen bases and two tie-breaking [[runs batted in]], leading seventh-place Brooklyn to a 7–3 win over the Pirates.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jerpe|first=James|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XidRAAAAIBAJ&dq=charlie%20stengel-stengel&pg=2272%2C5301846|title=Nap Rucker Holds Pirates in Check and the Winning Streak is Broken|newspaper=The Gazette Times|date=September 18, 1912|page=10|access-date=February 1, 2019|archive-date=April 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408024239/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XidRAAAAIBAJ&dq=charlie%20stengel-stengel&pg=2272%2C5301846|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jerpe|first=James|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XidRAAAAIBAJ&dq=charlie%20stengel-stengel&pg=4031%2C5302642|title=On and Off the Field|newspaper=The Gazette Times|date=September 18, 1912|page=10|access-date=February 1, 2019|archive-date=April 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408024239/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XidRAAAAIBAJ&dq=charlie%20stengel-stengel&pg=4031%2C5302642|url-status=live}}</ref> Stengel continued to play well, finishing the season with a .316 batting average, though hitting .351 when right-handers started against Brooklyn and only .250 when left-handers started.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=63–65}}

[[File:The Library of Congress - (Casey Stengel, full-length portrait, wearing sunglasses, while playing outfield for the Brooklyn Dodgers) (LOC) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Stengel stands in the outfield, playing his position and wearing sunglasses|Stengel playing outfield for the Dodgers, c. 1915]]

After holding out for better pay, Stengel signed with the Dodgers for 1913. He won the starting center fielder job. The Dodgers had a new ballpark, [[Ebbets Field]], and Stengel became the first person to hit a home run there, first an [[inside-the-park home run]] against the [[New York Yankees]] in an exhibition game to open the stadium, and then in the regular season. During the 1913 season, Stengel acquired the nickname "Casey"; there are varying stories of how this came to be, though his home town of Kansas City likely played a prominent role—sportswriter [[Fred Lieb]] stated that the ballplayer had "Charles Stengel—K.C." stenciled on his bags. Although he missed 25 games with injuries, he hit .272 with seven official home runs in his first full season as a major leaguer. Prior to 1914 spring training, Stengel coached baseball at the [[University of Mississippi]]. Though the position was unpaid, he was designated an [[assistant professor]] for the time he was there, something that may have been the source of Stengel's nickname, "The Ol' Perfessor".{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=36–39}}{{sfn|Lieb|p=278}}

The Dodgers were an improving team in Stengel's first years with them, and he was greatly influenced by the manager who joined the team in 1914, [[Wilbert Robinson]].{{sfn|Durso|pp=227, 230}} Stengel also avoided a holdout in 1914; Dodgers owner [[Charlie Ebbets]] was anxious to put his players under contract lest they jump to the new [[Federal League]], and nearly doubled Stengel's salary to $4,000 per year.{{sfn|Creamer|p=74}} During spring training, the Dodgers faced the [[Baltimore Orioles (minor league)|minor league Baltimore Orioles]] and their rookie, [[Babe Ruth]], who pitched. Ruth hit a triple over Stengel's head but gave up two doubles to him, and Stengel chased down a long Ruth fly ball to right in the Dodgers' loss. Both Brooklyn and Stengel started the season slowly, but both recovered with a hot streak that left the Dodgers only 4 games under .500, their best record since 1903, and Stengel finished with a .316 batting average,{{sfn|Creamer|pp=74–81}} fifth best in the league. His [[on-base percentage]] led the league at .404, though this was not yet an official statistic.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=41}} With the Federal League still active, Stengel was rewarded with a two-year contract at $6,000 per year.{{sfn|Creamer|p=81}}

Stengel reported to spring training ill and thin; he was unable to work out for much of the time the Dodgers spent in Florida. Although the team stated that he had [[typhoid fever]], still common in 1915, Lieb wrote after Stengel's death in 1975 that the ballplayer had [[gonorrhea]].  Stengel may have been involved in a well-known incident during spring training when Robinson agreed to catch a baseball dropped from an airplane piloted by [[Ruth Law]]—except that it proved not to be a baseball, but a small grapefruit, much to the manager's shock, as he assumed the liquid on him was blood. Law stated that she dropped the grapefruit as she had forgotten the baseball, but Stengel retold the story, imitating Robinson, many times in his later years, with himself as grapefruit dropper, and is often given the credit for the stunt.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=86–88}} Stengel's batting average dipped as low as the .150s for part of the season; though he eventually recovered to .237, this was still the worst full season percentage of his major league career.<ref name = "sabr" />

[[File:(Casey Stengel, Brooklyn NL (baseball)) LOC 15146553342 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|alt=A man in an old-fashioned baseball uniform holds his bat above his shoulder, left-handed|Stengel in 1916]]

Soon after the 1916 season started, it became clear that the Dodgers were one of the better teams in the league.{{sfn|Creamer|p=105}} Robinson managed to squeeze one more year of productivity out of some older veterans such as [[Chief Meyers]], who said of Stengel, "It was Casey who kept us on our toes. He was the life of the party and just kept all us old-timers pepped up all season."{{sfn|Bak|p=29}} Stengel, mostly playing right field, hit .279 with eight home runs, one less than the team leader in that category, Wheat. Stengel's home run off [[Philadelphia Phillies]] pitcher [[Grover Cleveland Alexander]], who won 33 games that year, in the second game of a doubleheader on September 30, provided the margin of victory as the Dodgers went into first place to stay, qualifying for their first World Series, against the [[Boston Red Sox]].{{sfn|Bak|p=29}} Despite getting two hits in a Game 1 loss at Boston, Stengel was benched for Game 2 because the Red Sox were pitching a left-hander, Babe Ruth, and Stengel hit better against right-handers.{{sfn|Bak|p=30}} Stengel, back in the lineup for Game 3, got a hit in Brooklyn's only victory of the series. He was benched again in Game 4 against left-hander [[Dutch Leonard (left-handed pitcher)|Dutch Leonard]], though he was inserted as a [[pinch runner]], and got another hit in the Game 5 loss, finishing 4 for 11, .364, the best Dodger batting average of the Series.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=112–113}}

Despite the successful season, Ebbets was determined to cut his players' salaries, including Stengel, whom he considered overpaid. By then, the Federal League was defunct, and the [[reserve clause]] prevented players from jumping to other major league clubs. The owner sent Stengel  a contract for $4,600, and when that was rejected, cut it by another $400. A holdout ensued, together with a war of words waged in the press. With little leverage, Stengel became willing to sign for the original contract, and did on March 27, 1917, but missed most of spring training.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=116–120}}  Stengel's batting average dropped from .279 to .257 as the defending league champion Dodgers finished seventh in the eight-team league, but he led the team in games, hits, doubles, triples, home runs and runs batted in. After the season, Ebbets sent Stengel a contract for $4,100, and the outfielder eventually signed for that amount, but on January 9, 1918, Ebbets traded him along with [[George Cutshaw]] to the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] for [[Burleigh Grimes]], [[Al Mamaux]] and [[Chuck Ward]].<ref name=sabr/>{{sfn|Bak|pp=30–32}}

=== Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921) ===
The Pirates had been the only National League team to do worse than the Dodgers in 1917, finishing last.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=58}} Stengel met with the Pirates owner [[Barney Dreyfuss]] to seek a salary increase, but found Dreyfuss reluctant to deal until Stengel proved himself as a Pirate. On June 3, 1918, Stengel was ejected for arguing with the umpire, and was fined by the league office for taking off his shirt on the field. The U.S. had been fighting in [[World War I]] for a year, and Stengel enlisted in the Navy. His wartime service was playing for and managing the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard]]'s baseball team, driving in the only run to beat Army, 1–0, before 5,000 spectators at the [[Polo Grounds]]. He also occasionally helped paint a ship—he later stated he had guarded the [[Gowanus Canal]], and not a single submarine got into it.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=59–60}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote =  I had many years that I was not so successful as a ball player, as it is a game of skill.
| source = — Casey Stengel, testifying before a Senate subcommittee, 1958.{{sfn|Durso|p=209}}}}

The Armistice renewed the conflict between Stengel and Dreyfuss, and the outfielder held out again to begin the 1919 season. Both wanted to see Stengel traded, but no deal was immediately made.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=60}} By then, Stengel's position as regular right fielder had been taken by [[Billy Southworth]], and he had difficulty breaking back into the lineup.{{sfn|James 1997|loc=2192}} Stengel played better than he had before he enlisted, and by the time Dreyfuss traded him to the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] for [[Possum Whitted]] on August 9, he was batting .293 with four home runs.<ref name=sabr/>{{sfn|Durso|p=237}} But before being traded, Stengel pulled one of his most famous stunts, on May 25 at Ebbets Field, as a member of the visiting Pirates. It was not unusual at Ebbets Field for right fielders of either team, rather than go to the dugout after three were out, to go to the Dodgers' bullpen, in foul territory down the right field line, if they were not likely to bat in the upcoming inning. Stengel did so to visit old friends, and discovered that pitcher [[Leon Cadore]] had captured a sparrow. Stengel took it, and quietly placed it under his cap when called to bat in the sixth inning. He received mixed boos and cheers from the Brooklyn crowd as a former Dodger, took a deep bow at the plate, and doffed his cap, whereupon the bird flew away to great laughter from the crowd.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=128–129}}

The trade to the Phillies ended Stengel's major league season for 1919, as he refused to report unless he got a raise, and when one was not forthcoming, returned to Kansas City to raise a barnstorming team.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=129–130}}  In the offseason, he came to terms with [[William Baker (baseball)|William Baker]], the owner of the Phillies, and hit .292 in 1920 with nine home runs. However, racked by injuries and no longer young for a ballplayer, he did not play much in the early part of the 1921 season. On June 30, 1921, the Phillies traded Stengel, [[Red Causey]] and [[Johnny Rawlings]] to the [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] for [[Lee King (outfielder, born 1892)|Lee King]], [[Goldie Rapp]] and [[Lance Richbourg]].{{sfn|Creamer|pp=129–134}}{{sfn|Bak|p=37}} The Giants were one of the dominant teams in the National League, and Stengel, who had feared being sent to the minor leagues, quietly placed a [[long-distance call]] once informed to ensure he was not the victim of a practical joke.{{sfn|Durso|p=240}}

=== New York Giants and Boston Braves (1921–1925) ===
{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote =  I learned more from McGraw than anybody.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Bak|p=40}}}}

When Stengel reported to the Giants on July 1, 1921, they were managed, as they had been for almost 20 years, by [[John McGraw]]. Stengel biographer [[Robert W. Creamer]] said of McGraw, "his Giants were the most feared, the most respected, the most admired team in baseball".{{sfn|Creamer|p=138}} Stengel biographer [[Marty Appel]] noted, "McGraw and Stengel. Teacher and student. Casey was about to learn a lot about managing".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=67}} Stengel had time to learn, playing in only 18 games for the Giants in 1921, mostly as a [[pinch hitter]],{{sfn|Bak|p=40}} and watched from his place on the bench as McGraw led the Giants from a 7{{frac|1|2}} game deficit on August 24 to the National League [[pennant (sports)|pennant]].{{sfn|Durso|pp=240–241}} Although he was on the 25-player postseason roster,{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=68}} Stengel did not appear in the [[1921 World Series]] against the Yankees, as McGraw used only 13 players (4 of them pitchers) in beating the Yankees, five games to three.{{sfn|Bak|p=41}} The only contribution Stengel made to the box score was being ejected from Game 5 for arguing.{{sfn|Bak|p=42}}

McGraw brought several outfielders into spring training with the Giants. When Stengel was not included with the starters when the manager split the squad, some sportswriters assumed he would not be with the team when the regular season began. Stengel, at McGraw's request, acted as a coach to the young players on the "B" squad,  and worked hard, getting key hits in spring training games, and making the Giants as a reserve outfielder. McGraw and Stengel sometimes stayed up all night, discussing baseball strategy.  With two Giant outfielders injured by June, Stengel was put in center field, and hit .368 in 84 games, as McGraw [[platoon (baseball)|platooned]] him against right-handers. If Stengel had enough [[plate appearance]]s to qualify for the league batting championship, he would have finished second to [[Rogers Hornsby]] of the [[St. Louis Cardinals]], who hit .401.<ref name = "sabr" />{{sfn|Bak|p=42}}{{sfn|Creamer|pp=148–149}} The Giants played the Yankees again in the [[1922 World Series]]; Stengel went 1–4 in Game 1, nursing an injured right leg muscle, which he aggravated running out an infield single in his first at bat in Game 2. Stengel was obviously limping when he was advanced to second base on another single, and McGraw sent in a pinch runner. He did not use Stengel again in the Series, which the Giants won, four games to zero, with one tie. After the Series, Stengel and other major leaguers went on a barnstorming tour of Japan and the Far East.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=151–153}}

[[File:John McGraw 1924.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=A heavyset middle-age man with white hair. He is dressed in a business suit|Stengel's mentor, Giants manager [[John McGraw]]]]
The year 1923 started much the same as the year before, with Stengel detailed to the "B" squad as player and coach in spring training, making the team as a reserve, and then inserted as center fielder when righties pitched. Similar also were Stengel's hot batting streaks, helping the Giants as they contended for their third straight pennant. Stengel was ejected several times for brawling or arguing with the umpire, and the league suspended him for ten games in one incident. McGraw continued to use him as a means of exerting some control over the younger players. During that summer, Stengel fell in love with Edna Lawson, a Californian who was running part of her father's building contracting business;{{sfn|Creamer|pp=153–158}} they were married the following year.<ref name = "sabr" /> Near the end of the season, he sustained a mild foot injury, causing McGraw to rest him for a week, but he played the final two games of the regular season to finish at .339 as the Giants and Yankees each won their leagues.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=79–80}}

Until 1923, the Yankees had been tenants of the Giants at the Polo Grounds, but had opened [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] that year, and this was the site for Game 1 of the [[1923 World Series]] on October 10. Casey Stengel's at bat in the ninth inning with the score tied 4–4 was "the stuff of legend", as Appel put it in his history of the Yankees.{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=137}} Before the largest crowd he had ever played before, Stengel lined a [[changeup]] from [[Bullet Joe Bush|Joe Bush]] for a hit that went between the outfielders deep to left center. Hobbled by his injury and even more as a sponge inside his shoe flew out as he rounded second base,  Stengel slowly circled the bases, and evaded the tag from catcher [[Wally Schang]] for an inside-the-park home run, providing the winning margin. Thus, the first World Series home run in old Yankee Stadium's history did not go to Babe Ruth, "that honor, with great irony, would fall to the aging reserve outfielder Casey Stengel".{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=137}}

After the Yankees won Game 2 at the Polo Grounds, the Series returned to Yankee Stadium for Game 3. Stengel won it, 1–0, on a home run into the right field [[bleachers]]. As the Yankee fans booed Stengel, he thumbed his nose at the crowd and blew a kiss toward the Yankee players, outraging the team's principal owner, [[Jacob Ruppert]], who demanded that [[Baseball Commissioner]] [[Kenesaw Mountain Landis]] fine or suspend Stengel. Judge Landis declined, saying "a man who wins two games with home runs may feel a little playful, especially if he's a Stengel".{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=138}} The Yankees won the next three games to take the Series; Stengel batted .417 in the six games, completing his World Series career as a player with a .393 batting average.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=83}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote =  It's lucky I didn't hit three home runs in three games, or McGraw would have traded me to the [[Three-I League]].
| source = — Casey Stengel on being traded by the Giants to the Boston Braves{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=83}}}}

On November 13, 1923, twenty-nine days after the World Series ended, Stengel was traded to the perennial second-division-dwelling [[Boston Braves]] with [[Dave Bancroft]] and [[Bill Cunningham (outfielder)|Bill Cunningham]] for [[Joe Oeschger]] and [[Billy Southworth]]. Stengel had enjoyed his time in New York and was initially unhappy at the trade, especially since he had become close to McGraw. He soon cooled down, and later praised McGraw as "the greatest manager I ever played for".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=83}}  Despite nagging pains in his legs, Stengel played in 134 games during the 1924 season, the most since his days with the Dodgers, and hit .280 with a team-leading 13 [[stolen base]]s, but the Braves finished last. After the season, Stengel joined a baseball tour of Europe organized by McGraw and [[Charles Comiskey]], with Edna Stengel accompanying the team. Casey Stengel met King [[George V]] and the [[George VI|Duke of York]], later to become King George VI; Edna sipped tea with [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]], an experience that strained her nerves. That winter, the Stengels moved into a house built by Edna's father in [[Glendale, California]], where they would live the rest of their lives.{{sfn|Bak|pp=57–60}} The marriage produced no children.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=89}}

==Early managerial career (1925–1948)==
=== Minor leagues (1925–1931) ===
{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = Never let a losing pitcher drive the bus—especially a left-hander. A guy who has just blown a tough one shouldn't be allowed behind the wheel.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=93}}}}

Stengel started 1925 on the active roster of the Braves, but was used as a pinch hitter and started only once, in right field against the Pirates on May 14, a game in which he got his only MLB hit of 1925, the final one of his major league career, a single. His average sank to .077. Braves owner [[Emil Fuchs (baseball)|Emil Fuchs]] purchased the [[Worcester Panthers]] of the [[Eastern League (baseball, 1916–32)|Eastern League]], and hired Stengel as [[player-manager (baseball)|player-manager]] and team president.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=91–92}} Appel noted that in joining the Panthers, Stengel was "starting out on a managing career that would eventually take him to [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Cooperstown]]".{{sfn|Appel 2017| p=93}} With fans enjoying Stengel's on-field antics and his World Series heroics still recent, he was the Eastern League's biggest attendance draw. Between run-ins with the umpires, Stengel hit .302 in 100 games as the Panthers finished third.<ref name="sabr" />{{sfn|Appel 2017| p=93}}

The Panthers were not a box office success, and Fuchs planned to move the team to [[Providence, Rhode Island]] for the 1926 season, with Stengel to remain in his roles. McGraw, with whom Stengel had remained close, wanted him to take over as manager of the Giants' top affiliate, the [[Toledo Mud Hens]] of the [[American Association (20th century)|American Association]], at an increase in salary. Stengel was still under contract to the Braves, and Mud Hens president Joseph O'Brien was unwilling to send them money or players in order to get him. When Stengel asked Fuchs what to do if a higher-level club wanted to draft him, Fuchs half-heartedly suggested releasing himself as a player, which would automatically terminate his Braves contract. Stengel took up Fuchs on his suggestion, releasing himself as a player, then firing himself as manager and resigning as president, clearing the way for him to move to the Mud Hens. Fuchs was outraged, and went to Judge Landis, who advised him to let the matter go.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=93–94}}{{sfn|Creamer|pp=173-174}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = People talk about all the money I've made. But they never talk about all the money I've lost.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Creamer|p=178}}}}

Stengel's six years in Toledo would be as long as he would spend anywhere as manager, except his time with the Yankees of the 1950s.{{sfn|Bak|p=61}} McGraw sent talented players down to Toledo, and the Mud Hens threatened for the pennant in Stengel's first year before falling back to third. In 1927, the team won its first pennant and defeated the [[Buffalo Bisons]], five games to one, in the [[Little World Series]]. Stengel missed part of the 1927 campaign, as he was suspended by the league for inciting the fans to attack the umpire after a close play during the first game of the [[Labor Day]] doubleheader.{{sfn|Durso|pp=264–265}} Stengel continued as  an occasional player as late as 1931 in addition to his managerial role, hitting a game-winning home run (the last of his professional career) in 1927 for the Mud Hens.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=176–178}} Since minor league clubs suffer large turnovers in their rosters, the team's success did not carry over to 1928, when it finished sixth, and then eighth in the eight-team league in 1929. The team recovered for third in 1930, but by then both Stengel and the team (in which he had invested) were having financial problems due to the start of the [[Great Depression]]. The team finished last again in 1931, and, after Landis was convinced no money had been skimmed off to benefit Stengel and other insiders, the team went into receivership, and Stengel was fired.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=176–178}}

=== Brooklyn and Boston (1932–1943) ===
[[File:Bill McKechnie, John H. McCooey, and Max Carey NYWTS.jpg|thumb|alt=At a baseball stadium, two men in baseball uniforms stand on the field, flanking a well-dressed man who pantomimes throwing a baseball.|Dodgers manager [[Max Carey]] (right) hired Stengel as a coach.]]
Stengel had approached the new manager of the Dodgers, [[Max Carey]], an old teammate from his time with the Pirates, seeking a job, and was hired as [[first base coach]]. Stengel thus ended an exile of seven years from the major leagues: Appel suggested that Stengel's reputation as a clown inhibited owners from hiring him although he was known as knowledgeable and able to manage the press. Sportswriter [[Dan Daniel (sportswriter)|Dan Daniel]] described Stengel's hiring as "the return of an ancient [[Flatbush]] landmark", which might satisfy old Dodger fans upset at Robinson's dismissal at the end of 1931.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=100–101}} Brooklyn finished third and then sixth with Stengel in the first base coaching box. Among the players was [[catcher]] [[Al Lopez]]; the two became close friends and would be managing rivals in the 1950s [[American League]].{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=104}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = The first thing I want to say is that the Dodgers are still in the National League. Tell that to Bill Terry.
| source = — Casey Stengel, on being hired as Dodger manager, February 24, 1934{{sfn|Bak|p=79}}}}

During the winter following the 1933 season, the manager of the world champion Giants, [[Bill Terry]] was interviewed by the press about the other teams in the National League. When asked about the Dodgers, Terry responded, "Brooklyn? Gee, I haven't heard a peep out of there. Is Brooklyn still in the league?"{{sfn|Bak|p=71}} This angered Brooklyn's management, and they expected Carey to make a full-throated response. When he remained silent, he was fired. One sportswriter regarded the hiring of Stengel as too logical a thing to happen in Brooklyn, but on February 24, 1934, Stengel faced the press for the first time as the manager of a major league team.{{sfn|Bak|p=79}} McGraw, Stengel's mentor, was too ill to issue a statement on seeing him become a major league manager; he died the following day.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=107}}

Stengel, hired only days before spring training, had a limited opportunity to shape his new ballclub. The Dodgers quickly settled into sixth place, where they would end the season. Stengel, in later years, enjoyed discussing one 1934 game in Philadelphia's [[Baker Bowl]]: with Dodger pitcher [[Boom-Boom Beck]] ineffective, Stengel went out to the mound to take out the angry pitcher, who, instead of giving Stengel the baseball, threw it into right field, where it hit the metal wall with a loud noise. The right fielder, [[Hack Wilson]], lost in thought, heard the boom, assumed the ball had been hit by a batter, and ran to retrieve it and throw it to the infield, to be met by general laughter.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=107–109}} Stengel got the last laughs on the Giants as well. The Giants, six games ahead of the Cardinals on Labor Day, squandered that lead, and with two games remaining in the season, were tied with St. Louis. The final two games were against Brooklyn at the Polo Grounds, games played in front of raucous crowds, who well remembered Terry's comments. Brooklyn won both games, while the Cardinals won their two games against the [[Cincinnati Reds]], and won the pennant. Richard Bak, in his biography of Stengel, noted that the victories over the Terry-led Giants represented personal vindication for the Dodger manager.{{sfn|Bak|pp=77–78}}

The Dodgers finished fifth in 1935 and seventh in 1936. Dodger management felt Stengel had not done enough with the talent he had been given, and he was fired during the [[1936 World Series]] between the Yankees and Giants.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=186, 189}} Stengel was paid for one year left on his contract, and he was not involved in baseball during the 1937 season. Stengel had invested in oil properties, as advised by one of his players, [[Randy Moore]], a Texan; the investment helped make the Stengels well-to-do, and they put the profits in California real estate. Stengel considered going in the oil business full-time, but Braves president [[Bob Quinn (baseball, born 1870)|Bob Quinn]] offered him the Boston managerial job in late 1937, and he accepted.{{sfn|Durso|pp=276–279}}

Stengel was both manager and an investor in the Braves. In his six years there, 1938 to 1943, his team never finished in the top half of the league standings, and the Boston club finished seventh four straight years between 1939 and 1942, saved from last place by the fact that the Phillies were even worse. The entry of the United States in [[World War II]] meant that many top players went into the service, but for the Braves, the changeover made little difference in the standings. Among the young players to join the Braves was pitcher [[Warren Spahn]], who was sent down to the minor leagues by the manager for having "no heart".{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=124–126}} Spahn, who would go on to a Hall of Fame career, much of it with the Braves, would play again for Stengel on the woeful [[New York Mets]] in 1965, and joke that he was the only person  to play for Stengel both before and after he was a genius.<ref name = "sabr" />{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=124–126}}

A few days before the opening of the 1943 season, Stengel was hit by a vehicle while crossing [[Commonwealth Avenue (Boston)|Commonwealth Avenue]] in Boston, and he severely fractured a leg. He missed the first two months of the season, receiving many well-wishers, and reading get-well cards jokingly misaddressed to the hospital's psychiatric ward. For the rest of his life, Stengel walked with a limp. At the end of the season, Braves management, tired of minimal progress, fired Stengel, and he received no immediate job offers.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=128–134}} Stengel testified about this part of his career before a Senate subcommittee fifteen years later, "I became a major league manager in several cities and was discharged. We call it discharged because there is no question I had to leave".{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=256–257}}

=== Return to the minors (1944–1948) ===
[[File:Casey Stengel - 1948 Smith's Oakland Oaks.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.75|Stengel during his tenure as manager of the [[Pacific Coast League|PCL]] [[Oakland Oaks (PCL)|Oakland Oaks]], c. 1948]]
Stengel thought the 1943 season would be his last in baseball; Edna urged him to look after the family business interests full-time, and Casey, who had always been an athlete, was reluctant to show himself at a baseball stadium with the imperfectly healed injury. But early in the 1944 season, the minor-league [[Milwaukee Brewers (minor league baseball team)|Milwaukee Brewers]] had a managing vacancy to fill, as the [[Chicago Cubs]] had hired away the Brewer manager,  [[Charlie Grimm]], who had played with Stengel on the 1919 Pirates. Grimm told the Cubs he was obliged to see the Brewers had a competent replacement, and urged the Brewers to hire Stengel. The team owner, [[Bill Veeck]], stationed as a Marine  on [[Guadalcanal]], thought ill of Stengel as a manager, and was very reluctant in his consent when reached by cable. Stengel was adept at fostering good relations with reporters, and the very talented team continued to win; by the end of May, Veeck had withdrawn his objections. The team won the American Association pennant, but lost in the playoffs to [[Louisville Colonels (minor league baseball)|Louisville]]. Veeck, having returned to the United States, offered to rehire Stengel for 1945, but Stengel preferred another offer he received.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=134–136}} This was from [[George Weiss (baseball)|George Weiss]] of the New York Yankees, to manage the team Stengel had begun with, the  [[Kansas City Blues (American Association)|Kansas City Blues]], by then a Yankee farm club. Kansas City had finished last in the American Association as Milwaukee won the pennant, making it something of a comedown for Stengel, who hoped to return to the major leagues. Nevertheless, it was in his old home town, allowing him to see friends and relations, and he took the job. The Blues finished seventh in the eight-team league in 1945.{{sfn|Creamer|p=204}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = Every manager wants to throw himself off a bridge sooner or later, and it's very nice for an old man to know he doesn't have to walk fifty miles to find one.
| source = — Casey Stengel on the proximity of the [[San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge|Bay Bridge]] to the Oaks' stadium{{sfn|Bak|p=88}}}}

Although there was no major league managing vacancy Stengel could aspire to, the [[Oakland Oaks (PCL)|Oakland Oaks]] of the [[Pacific Coast League]] had fired their manager, and approached Stengel. The baseball played in the PCL was close to major league level, and the league featured many aging big leaguers finishing their careers. Also attractive to Stengel was that the league had three teams in [[Southern California]], allowing him to spend more time at his home in Glendale. To that time, the club had won only one pennant, and was something of a weak sister to its crossbay rivals, the [[San Francisco Seals (baseball)|San Francisco Seals]], but owner Brick Laws believed Stengel could mold the players into a winning team.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=136–140}}

The Oaks finished second in the league behind the Seals in 1946, winning the first round of the playoffs against [[Los Angeles Angels (PCL)|Los Angeles]] before losing to San Francisco in the finals. They finished fourth in 1947, beating San Francisco in the first round before losing to Los Angeles. Stengel managed the Oaks for a third year in 1948, with the roster heavy with former major leaguers. Among the younger players on the team was 20-year-old [[shortstop]] [[Billy Martin]]. Stengel was impressed by Martin's fielding, baseball acuity, and, when there were brawls on the field, fighting ability. The Oaks clinched the pennant on September 26, and defeated Los Angeles and the [[Seattle Rainiers]] to win the [[Governors' Cup]]. ''[[The Sporting News]]'' named Stengel the Minor League Manager of the Year.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=140–144}}

== Glory days: Yankee dynasty (1949–1960) ==
=== Hiring and 1949 season ===
{{further|1949 New York Yankees season}}
{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = So what if he doesn't talk to me? I'll get by and so will he. DiMaggio doesn't get paid to talk to me and I don't either.
| source = — Casey Stengel on his relationship with [[Joe DiMaggio]].{{sfn|Bak|p=95}}}}

Stengel had been talked about as a possible Yankee manager in the early 1940s, but longtime team boss [[Ed Barrow]]  (who retired in 1945) refused to consider it.{{sfn|Bak|p=90}} Yankee manager [[Joe McCarthy (manager)|Joe McCarthy]] retired during the 1946 season, and after the interim appointment of catcher [[Bill Dickey]] as player-manager, [[Bucky Harris]] was given the job in 1947.{{sfn|Appel 2012|pp=271–272}} Stengel's name was mentioned for the job before Harris got it; he was backed by Weiss, but [[Larry MacPhail]], then in charge of the franchise, was opposed.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=209–210}} Harris and the Yankees won [[1947 World Series|the World Series that year]], but finished third in 1948, though they were not eliminated until the penultimate day. Harris was fired, allegedly because he would not give Weiss his home telephone number.{{sfn|Appel 2012|pp=271–272}} MacPhail could no longer block Stengel's hiring, as he had sold his interest in the Yankees after the 1947 season. Weiss, who became [[general manager (baseball)|general manager]] after MacPhail's departure, urged his partners in the Yankees to allow the appointment of Stengel, who aided his own cause by winning the championship with Oakland during the time the Yankee job stood open. [[Del Webb]], who owned part of the Yankees, had initial concerns but went along.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=210–211}} Yankee scouts on the West Coast recommended Stengel, and Webb's support helped bring around co-owner [[Dan Topping]].{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=273}}

Stengel was introduced as Yankee manager on October 12, 1948, the 25th anniversary of his second World Series home run to beat the Yankees. [[Joe DiMaggio]] attended the press conference as a sign of team support. Stengel faced obstacles to being accepted—Harris had been popular with the press and public, and the businesslike Yankee corporate culture and successful tradition were thought to be ill matched with a manager who had the reputation of a clown and who had never had a major league team finish in the top half of the standings. Stengel's MLB involvement had been in the National League, and there were several American League parks in which he had neither managed nor played.{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=273}}{{sfn|Creamer|pp=310–311}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=152–153}}

Stengel tried to keep a low profile during the 1949 Yankee spring training at [[St. Petersburg, Florida]],<ref name = "sabr" /> but there was considerable media attention as Stengel shuttled rookies from one position on the field to another, and endlessly shuffled his lineup. He had the advantage of diminished expectations, as DiMaggio, the Yankee superstar, was injured with a bone spur in his heel, and few picked New York to win the pennant. There were other injuries once the season began, and Stengel, who had initially planned a conservative, stable lineup in his first American League season, was forced to  improvise.{{sfn|Bak|pp=93–97}} Although [[platoon (baseball)|platooning]], playing right-handed batters against left-handed pitchers and the reverse, against whom they are on average more able to hit, had been known for some years, Stengel popularized it, and his use gave the practice its name, coined by a sportswriter and borrowed from football. For example, in the early part of the 1949 season, Stengel might play [[Bobby Brown (third baseman)|Bobby Brown]] at third base and [[Cliff Mapes]] and [[Gene Woodling]] in the outfield against right-handers. Against left-handers, Stengel might play [[Billy Johnson (baseball)|Billy Johnson]] at third with [[Johnny Lindell]] and [[Hank Bauer]] in the outfield.{{sfn|Bak|pp=97–98}}

After the team blew leads and lost both ends of a doubleheader [[History of the Philadelphia Athletics|in Philadelphia]] on May 15, Stengel called a team meeting in which he criticized the players responsible for the two losses, but also predicted greatness for them, and told the team it was going to win. The team then won 13 of its next 14 games. Yankee sportscaster [[Curt Gowdy]], who was present, later stated, "that speech in Philadelphia was the turning point of the season".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=165}}

DiMaggio returned from injury on June 28 after missing 65 games. He hit four home runs in three games to help sweep Boston and extend the Yankees' league lead. Despite DiMaggio's return, the lineup remained plagued with injuries. After consulting with Stengel, Weiss obtained [[Johnny Mize]] from the Giants, but he was soon sidelined with a separated shoulder. Twelve games behind on the Fourth of July, the Red Sox steadily gained ground on the Yankees, and tied them by sweeping a two-game set at Fenway September 24 and 25, the first time the Yankees had not been in sole possession of first place since the third game of the season. The Red Sox took the lead the following day with a comeback win in a makeup game, as Stengel lost his temper at the umpire for the first time in Yankee uniform; although he was not ejected, he was fined by the league.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=228–232}}

The season came down to a two-game set with the Red Sox at Yankee Stadium, with the home team one game behind and needing to win both. Stengel, during the 1949 season, had shown himself more apt than his peers to bring in a relief pitcher, and when during the first game, starter [[Allie Reynolds]] gave up the first two runs in the third inning, the manager brought in [[Joe Page]]. Though Page walked in two more runs, he shut out the Red Sox the rest of the way as the Yankees came back to win, 5–4. This set up a winner-take-all game for the league title. The Yankees took a 5–0 lead before Boston scored three in the ninth, but [[Vic Raschi]] was able to prevent further damage, giving the Yankees the pennant, Stengel's first as a major league manager.{{sfn|Bak|pp=100–102}}

In the [[1949 World Series]], Stengel's first as a participant since 1923, the Yankees faced the Brooklyn Dodgers, who were assembling the team that would challenge the Yankees through much of his time in New York. The teams split the first two games, at Yankee Stadium. Before Game 3 at Ebbets Field, Stengel was called upon to introduce his surviving teammates from the 1916 pennant-winning Brooklyn club, which he did emotionally. The Yankees won Game 3, and during Game 4, a Yankee victory, Stengel left the dugout to shout to catcher [[Yogi Berra]] to throw the ball to second base, which Berra did to catch [[Pee Wee Reese]] trying to take an extra base. For this breach of baseball's rules, Stengel was reprimanded after the game by Commissioner [[Happy Chandler]]. The Yankees won Game 5 as well to take the Series, and during the celebration after the game, Del Webb said of Stengel to the press, "I knew he would win, whether we got some more players for him or not".{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=167–168}}

=== Repeating success (1950–1953) ===
[[File:Casey Stengel and Eddie Sawyer 1950.png|thumb|upright=0.9|alt=portrait shot of two men in baseball uniforms, one with an arm around the other|Stengel (left) with Philadelphia Phillies manager [[Eddie Sawyer]], during the [[1950 World Series]]]]

During the 1949 season, Stengel had been more subdued than he usually was, but being the manager of the defending world champions and the [[Sporting News Manager of the Year Award|Major League Manager of the Year]] relieved his inhibitions, and he was thereafter his talkative self. He also was more forceful in running the team, not always to the liking of veteran players such as DiMaggio and [[Phil Rizzuto]]. As part of his incessant shuffling of the lineup, Stengel had DiMaggio play first base, a position to which he was unaccustomed and refused to play after the first game. Stengel considered DiMaggio's decline in play as he neared the end of his stellar career more important than his resentment. In August, with the slugger in the middle of a batting slump, Stengel benched him, stating he needed a rest. DiMaggio returned after six games, and hit .370 for the rest of the season, winning the [[slugging percentage]] title. Other young players on the 1950 team were Billy Martin and [[Whitey Ford]]. The ascendence of these rookies meant more of the Yankees accepted Stengel's techniques, and diminished the number of those from the McCarthy era who resented their new manager. The [[Detroit Tigers]] were the Yankees' main competition, leading for much of the summer, but the Yankees passed them in the middle of September to win the pennant by three games. In the [[1950 World Series]], the Yankees played the Phillies, another of Stengel's old teams. The Yankees won in four games.<ref name = "sabr" />{{sfn|Creamer|pp=236–240}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = He's just a green pea out there. But he'll be back soon, and you'll see something.
| source = — Casey Stengel on sending [[Mickey Mantle]] to the minor leagues, 1951.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=186}}}}

Before spring training in 1950, the Yankees had pioneered the idea of an [[Florida Instructional League|instructional school]] for rookies and other young players. This was the brainchild of Stengel and Weiss. Complaints from other teams that the Yankees were violating time limits on spring training and were using their money for competitive advantage led to modifications, but the concept survived and was eventually broadly adopted.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=171–172}} Among those invited to the 1951 early camp was 19-year-old [[Mickey Mantle]], whose speed and talent awed Stengel, and who had spent the previous year in the minor leagues.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=180}} Stengel moved Mantle from shortstop to the outfield, reasoning that Rizzuto, the shortstop, was likely to play several more years. Both Mantle and the Yankees started the 1951 season slowly,<ref name="sabr"/> and on July 14, Mantle was sent to Kansas City to regain his confidence at the plate. He was soon recalled to the Yankees; although he hit only .267 for the season, this was four points better than DiMaggio, in his final season. Much of the burden of winning a third consecutive pennant fell on Berra, who put together an MVP season.{{sfn|Bak|pp=109–111}} The [[White Sox]] and then the [[Cleveland Indians|Indians]] led the league for much of the summer, but the Yankees, never far behind, put together a torrid final month of the season to win the pennant by five games.<ref name = "sabr" />

[[File:Casey Stengel 1951.png|thumb|left|upright=0.8|alt=Stengel with some of his players. The uniform numbers spell out "18" and "1951", signifying the Yankee hopes for an 18th pennant that year|Stengel (upper left) and his players won the Yankees' 18th pennant in 1951.]]

The Yankee opponent in the [[1951 World Series]] was the Giants, with Game 1 played the day after they won the National League pennant in the [[Miracle of Coogan's Bluff]]. On an emotional high,{{sfn|Bak|p=114}} the Giants beat the Yankees in Game 1 at Yankee Stadium. Game 2 was a Yankee victory, but Mantle suffered a knee injury and was out for the Series,{{sfn|Creamer|pp=248–249}} the start of knee problems that would darken Mantle's career.{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=292}} The Giants won Game 3, but DiMaggio stepped to the fore, with six hits in the following three games, including a home run to crown his career. The Yankees won Games 4 and 5,{{sfn|Creamer|pp=248–249}} and staked Raschi to a 4–1 lead in Game 6 before Stengel had [[Johnny Sain]] pitch in relief. When Sain loaded the bases with none out in the ninth, Stengel brought in [[Bob Kuzava]], a left-hander, to pitch against the Giants, even though right-handers [[Monte Irvin]] and [[Bobby Thomson]] were due to bat. The Giants scored twice, but Kuzava hung on. The Yankees and Stengel had their third straight World Series championship.{{sfn|Bak|pp=114–115}}

DiMaggio's retirement after the 1951 season gave Stengel greater control over the players, as the relationship between superstar and manager had sometimes been fraught.  Stengel moved Mantle from right to center field in DiMaggio's place.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=192}} The Yankees were not the favorites to win the pennant again in 1952, with DiMaggio retired, Mantle still recovering from his injury and several Yankees in military service, deployed in the [[Korean War]]. Sportswriters favored the Indians. Younger players, some of whom Stengel had developed, came to the fore, with Martin the regular second baseman for the first time. Mantle proved slow to develop, but hit well towards the end of the season to finish at .311.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=250–251}} The Yankee season was also slow to get on track; the team had a record of 18–17 on May 30, but they improved thereafter. Stengel prepared nearly 100 different lineup cards for the 1952 season. The race was still tight in early September, and on September 5, Stengel lectured the team for excessive levity on the train after the Yankees lost two of three to Philadelphia. Embarrassed by the episode, which made its way into print, the Yankees responded by winning 15 of their next 19, clinching the pennant on September 27.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=195–197}}

The [[1952 World Series]] was against the Brooklyn Dodgers, who by then had their stars of the 1950s such as [[Jackie Robinson]], [[Gil Hodges]] and [[Duke Snider]], with the team later nicknamed "The Boys of Summer".{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=296}} The teams split the first four games. With his pitching staff tired, Stengel gave the start to late-season acquisition [[Ewell Blackwell]], who surrendered four runs in five innings, and the Yankees lost the game in 11 innings to the Dodgers behind [[Carl Erskine]]'s complete game.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=197–198}} Needing to win two in a row at Ebbets Field, Stengel pitched Raschi in Game 6, who won it with a save from Reynolds. With no tomorrow in Game 7, Stengel sent four pitchers to the mound. Mantle hit a home run to break a 2–2 tie, Martin preserved the lead by making a difficult catch off a Robinson popup, and Kuzava again secured the final outs for a Series victory, as the Yankees won 4–2 for their fourth straight World Series victory, matching the record set in 1936–1939, also by the Yankees.{{sfn|Appel 2012|p=296}}

The sportswriters had picked other teams to win the pennant in Stengel's first four years as Yankee manager; in 1953 they picked the Yankees, and this time they were proven correct. An 18-game winning streak in June placed them well in front, and they coasted to their fifth consecutive league championship, the first time a team had won five straight pennants.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=250–251}} The Yankees played the Dodgers again in the [[1953 World Series|World Series]], which was less dramatic than the previous year's, as the Yankees won in six games, with Mantle, Martin, Berra and [[Gil McDougald]]&mdash;players developed under Stengel&mdash;taking the fore. The Yankees and Stengel won the World Series for the fifth consecutive year, the only team to accomplish that feat. Stengel, having taken the managerial record for consecutive pennants from McGraw (1921–1924) and McCarthy (1936–1939) and for consecutive titles from the latter, would say, "You know, John McGraw was a great man in New York and he won a lot of pennants. But Stengel is in town now, and he's won a lot of pennants too".{{sfn|Creamer|pp=253–254}}

=== Middle years (1954–1958) ===
{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = If the Yankees don't win the pennant, the owners should discharge me.
| source = — Casey Stengel before the 1954 season{{sfn|Durso|p=318}}}}

The Yankees started the defense of their title in 1954 with an opening day loss to the [[History of the Washington Senators (1901–60)|Washington Senators]] in the presence of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].{{sfn|Durso|p=318}} Even though the Yankees won 103 games, the most regular season victories they would have under Stengel, they lost by eight games to the Indians, managed by Stengel's old friend Al Lopez. In spite of the defeat, Stengel was given a new two-year contract at $75,000 per year.{{sfn|Bak|pp=117–118}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=216}}

By the mid-1950s, Stengel was becoming a national figure,{{sfn|Creamer|p=261}} familiar from television broadcasts of the Yankees on NBC's [[Major League Baseball Game of the Week|''Game of the Week'']], and from managing in most World Series and [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Games]] during his tenure.{{sfn|Bak|pp=131–132}} National magazines such as [[Look (American magazine)|''Look'']] and ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' did feature stories about Stengel, and his turn of phrase became known as "Stengelese" or "Stengelisms". The magazines not only told stories about the manager's one-liners and jokes, but recounted the pranks from his playing days, such as the grapefruit dropped from the plane and the sparrow under the cap.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=261–262}} According to Richard Bak in his biography of Stengel, "people across the country grew enamored of the grandfatherly fellow whose funny looks and fractured speech were so at odds with the Yankees' bloodless corporate image".{{sfn|Bak|p=131}}

[[File:Billy Martin 1954.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|alt=A candid shot of a young man in a baseball uniform, smiling and holding a baseball|[[Billy Martin]], "Casey's Boy", in 1954]]

The Yankees won the pennant again in 1955, breaking open a close pennant race in September to take the American League. They played the Dodgers again in [[1955 World Series|the World Series]], which the Dodgers won in seven games. The Dodgers won Game 7, 2–0, behind the pitching of [[Johnny Podres]] and Stengel, after losing his first World Series as a manager, blamed himself for not instructing his hitters to bat more aggressively against Podres. Billy Martin stated, "It's a shame for a great manager like that to have to lose".{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=226–228}}

There was not much of a pennant race in the American League in 1956, with the Yankees leading from the second week of the season onwards. With little suspense as to the team's standing, much attention turned to Mantle's batting, as he made a serious run at Babe Ruth's record at the time of 60 home runs in a season, finishing with 52, and won the [[Major League Baseball Triple Crown|Triple Crown]]. On August 25, [[Old-Timers' Day]], Stengel and Weiss met with the little-used Rizzuto, the last of the "McCarthy Yankees" and released him from the team so they could acquire [[Enos Slaughter]]. Never a Stengel fan, the process left Rizzuto bitter.{{sfn|Appel 2012|pp=312–313}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=232–235}}

[[1956 World Series|The World Series]] opponent that year was again the Dodgers, who won the first two games at Ebbets Field. Stengel lectured the team before Game 3 at Yankee Stadium and the team responded with a victory then and in Game 4. For Game 5, Stengel pitched [[Don Larsen]], who had been knocked out of Game 2, and who responded with a [[Perfect game (baseball)|perfect game]], the only one in major league postseason history. The Dodgers won Game 6 as the Series returned to Ebbets Field. Many expected Whitey Ford to start Game 7, but Stengel chose [[Johnny Kucks]], an 18-game winner that season who had been used twice in relief in the Series. Kucks threw a three-hit shutout as the Yankees won the championship, 9–0, Stengel's sixth as their manager.{{sfn|Appel 2012|pp=314–316}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=236–238}}

New York got off to a slow start in the 1957 season, and by early June was six games out. By then, the team was making headlines off the field. Some of the Yankees were known for partying late into the night, something Stengel turned a blind eye to as long as the team performed well. The May 16 brawl at the [[Copacabana (nightclub)|Copacabana nightclub]] in New York involved Martin, Berra, Mantle, Ford, [[Hank Bauer]] and other Yankees, resulted in the arrest of Bauer (the charge of assault was later dropped) and exhausted Yankee management's patience with Martin. Stengel was close to Martin, who took great pride in being a Yankee, and Topping and Weiss did not involve the manager in the trade talks that ensued. On June 15, Martin was traded to the [[Kansas City Athletics]]. Martin wrote in his autobiography that Stengel could not look him in the eye as the manager told him of the trade. The two, once close friends, rarely spoke in the years to come.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=242–246}}

The Yankees recovered from their slow start, winning the American League pennant by eight games. They faced the [[Milwaukee Braves]] in the [[1957 World Series]].<ref name = "sabr" /> The Braves (Stengel had managed them when they played in Boston) defeated the Yankees in seven games, with [[Lew Burdette]], who had been a Yankee until traded in 1950, beating New York three times. Stengel stated in an interview, "We're going to have Burditis on our minds next year".{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=252–253}}

What was seen as a failure to keep discipline on the team hurt Stengel's standing with the Yankee owners, Topping, Weiss and Webb, as did the defeat in the 1957 Series. Stengel was by then aged 67 and had several times fallen asleep in the dugout, and players complained that he was growing more irritable with the years. Former Yankee catcher [[Ralph Houk]], who had been successful as a minor league manager and was Stengel's first base coach, was seen by ownership as the next manager of the Yankees. Stengel's contract, his fifth two-year deal, was up after the 1958 season. As ownership debated whether to renew it, the Yankees led by as many as 17 games,{{sfn|Bak|pp=148–149}} and won the pennant by 10.<ref name = "sabr" /> The Braves were the opponent in the [[1958 World Series]]. The Braves won three of the first four games, but the Yankees, backed by the pitching of [[Bob Turley]] (who got two wins and a [[save (baseball)|save]] in the final three games) stormed back to win the Series. Firing Stengel under such circumstances was not possible, and ownership gave him another two-year contract, to expire after the 1960 season.{{sfn|Bak|pp=148–149}}

=== Final years and firing (1959–1960) ===
The Yankees finished 79–75 in 1959, in third place, their worst record since 1925, as the White Sox, managed by Lopez, won the pennant. There was considerable criticism of Stengel, who was viewed as too old and out of touch with the players.<ref name = "sabr" />{{sfn|Durso|pp=323–324}} After the 1959 season, Weiss made a trade with Kansas City to bring [[Roger Maris]] to the Yankees. Stengel was delighted with the acquisition and batted Maris third in the lineup, just in front of Mantle, and the new Yankee responded with an MVP season in 1960.{{sfn|Bak|pp=149–150}} Stengel had health issues during the season, spending ten days in the hospital in late May and early June, with the illness variously reported as a bladder infection, a virus or influenza.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=267}} The Yankees were challenged by the [[Baltimore Orioles]]  for most of the year but won the pennant by eight games, Stengel's tenth as manager, tying the major league record held by McGraw.{{sfn|Appel 2012|pp=331–333}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=270}}

The Yankees played the Pittsburgh Pirates, again a team Stengel had played for, in the [[1960 World Series]]. Stengel picked [[Art Ditmar]], who had won the most games, 15, for the Yankees, as the Game 1 starter rather than the established star, Whitey Ford. The Pirates knocked Ditmar out of the box in the first inning, and won Game 1.{{sfn|Appel 2012|pp=331–333}}{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=270}} Ditmar was also knocked out of Game 5; Ford won Games 3 and 6 of the seven-game series with shutouts, but could not pitch Game 7, as he might have if Stengel had used him in Games 1 and 5. The Pirates defeated the Yankees in Game 7, 10–9, on a ninth-inning home run by [[Bill Mazeroski]].{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=270–271}}{{sfn|Creamer|p=289}}

{{quote box | align = right| width = 24em | salign = right
| quote =  I'll never make the mistake of being seventy again.
| source = — Casey Stengel, on being fired by the New York Yankees, 1960.{{sfn|Bak|p=153}}}}

Shortly after the Yankees returned to New York, Stengel was informed by the team owners that he would not be given a new contract. His request, that the termination be announced at a press conference, was granted and on October 18, 1960, Topping and Stengel appeared before the microphones. After Topping evaded questions from the press about whether Stengel had been fired, Stengel took the microphone, and when asked if he had been fired, stated, "Quit, fired, whatever you please, I don't care". Topping stated that Stengel was being terminated because of his age, 70, and alleged that this would have happened even had the Yankees won the World Series.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=275–276}}

==The Amazins': Casey and the Mets (1962–1965){{Anchor|Casey's Amazin' Mets}}==
=== Hiring and 1962 season ===
Two days after dismissing Stengel, the Yankees announced the hiring of Houk as his replacement—part of the reason for Stengel's firing was so that New York would not lose Houk to another team.  Stengel returned to Glendale, and spent the 1961 season out of baseball for the first time since 1937. He turned down several job offers to manage, from the Tigers, [[San Francisco Giants]] and the expansion [[Los Angeles Angels]].{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=278–280}} He spent the summer of 1961 as vice president of the Glendale Valley National Bank, which was owned by members of Edna Stengel's family.<ref name = "sabr" />

As part of baseball's expansion in the early 1960s, a franchise was awarded to New York, to play in the National League beginning in 1962, and to be known as the [[New York Mets]]. It was hoped that the new team would be supported by the many former Giant and Dodger fans left without a team when the franchises moved to California after the 1957 season. There were rumors through the 1961 season that Stengel would be the manager, but he initially showed no interest in managing a team that, given the rules for the [[1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft|expansion draft]], was unlikely to be competitive. George Weiss had been forced out as Yankee [[general manager (baseball)|general manager]] and hired by the Mets. He wanted Stengel as manager, and after talks with the Mets principal owners, [[Joan Whitney Payson]] and [[M. Donald Grant]], Stengel was introduced as Mets manager at a press conference on October 2, 1961.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=283–285}} [[Leonard Koppett]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' suggested that Stengel took the job to give something back to the game that had been his life for half a century.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=291}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = Look at that guy. He can't hit, he can't run, and he can't throw. Of course, that's why they gave him to us.
| source = — Casey Stengel on a player obtained by the Mets in the expansion draft.{{sfn|Bak|p=159}}}}

Weiss was convinced his scouting staff would make the Mets a respectable team in five to six years, but in the interim New York would most likely do poorly. He hoped to overcome the challenge of attracting supporters to a losing team in the "City of Winners" by drafting well-known players who would draw fans to the Polo Grounds, where the Mets would initially play. Thus, the Mets selected a number of over-the-hill National Leaguers, some of whom had played for the Dodgers or Giants, including [[Gil Hodges]],  [[Roger Craig (baseball)|Roger Craig]], [[Don Zimmer]] and [[Frank Thomas (outfielder)|Frank Thomas]]. Selected before them all was journeyman catcher [[Hobie Landrith]]; as Stengel explained, "You have to have a catcher or you'll have a lot of [[passed ball]]s".{{sfn|Creamer|pp=296–298}}

The return of Casey Stengel to spring training received considerable publicity, and when the Mets played the Yankees in an exhibition game, Stengel played his best pitchers while the Yankees treated it as a meaningless game, and the Mets won, 4–3. The team won nearly as many games as it lost in spring training, but Stengel warned, "I ain't fooled. They play different when the other side is trying too".{{sfn|Creamer|p=298}} The Mets lost their first nine games of the regular season; in the meantime the Pirates were 10–0, meaning the Mets were already 9{{frac|1|2}} games out of first place. Some light appeared in May, when the Mets won 11 of 18 games to reach eighth place in the ten-team league. They then lost 17 in a row, returning to last place, where they would spend the remainder of the season.{{sfn|Bak|pp=160–161}}

According to sportswriter [[Joe Durso|Joseph Durso]]

<blockquote>on days when [Stengel's] amazing Mets were, for some reason, amazing, he  simply sat back and let the writers swarm over the heroes of the diamond. On days when the Mets were less than amazing—and there were  many more days like that—he stepped into the vacuum and diverted the writers' attention, and typewriters, to his own flamboyance&nbsp;... the perfect link with the public was formed, and it grew stronger as the team grew zanier.{{sfn|Durso|pp=339–340}}</blockquote>

The Mets appealed to the younger generation of fans and became an alternative to the stuffy Yankees. As the losing continued, a particular fan favorite was "Marvelous" [[Marv Throneberry]], who was a "lightning-rod for disaster" in the 1962 season, striking out to kill rallies, or dropping pop flies and routine throws to first base.{{sfn|Bak|pp=161–165}} During one game, Throneberry hit a massive shot to right, winding up on third base, only to be called out for missing first. Stengel came from the dugout to argue, only to be told that Throneberry had missed second base as well.{{sfn|Bak|p=165}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 20em | salign = right
| quote = Can't anyone play this here game?
| source = — Casey Stengel, on his 1962 Mets.{{sfn|Creamer|p=299}}}}

Stengel tried incessantly to promote the Mets, talking to reporters or anyone else who would listen. He often used the word "amazin{{'"}} (as he put it) and soon this became the "Amazin' Mets", a nickname that stuck. Stengel urged the fans, "Come out and see my amazin' Mets. I been in this game a hundred years but I see new ways to lose I never knew existed before".{{sfn|Creamer|p=302}} Stengel was successful in selling the team to some extent, as the Mets drew 900,000 fans, half again as many as the Giants had prior to their departure, though the games against the Giants and Dodgers accounted for half of the total. The team was less successful on the field, finishing with a record of 40–120, the most losses of any 20th century major league team.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=302–303}} They finished 60{{frac|1|2}} games behind the pennant-winning Giants, and 18 games behind ninth-place Chicago.{{sfn|Bak|pp=164–165}}

=== Later seasons and retirement (1963–1965) ===
[[File:Casey Stengel 1963.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Stengel as manager of the [[New York Mets]] in 1963]]

The 1963 season unfolded for the Mets much like the previous year's, though they lost only eight games to begin the season, rather than nine, but they still finished 51–111, in last place. One highlight, though it did not count in the standings, was the [[Mayor's Trophy Game]] on June 20 at Yankee Stadium. Stengel played to win; the Yankees under Houk possibly less so, and the Mets beat the Yankees, 6–2.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=307–311}}

In 1964, the Mets moved into the new [[Shea Stadium]]; Stengel commented that "the park is lovelier than my team".{{sfn|Creamer|p=305}} The Mets finished 53–109, again in last place. By this time, the fans were starting to be impatient with the losing, and a number of people, including sportscaster [[Howard Cosell]] and former Dodger Jackie Robinson, criticized Stengel as ineffective and prone to fall asleep on the bench. Stengel was given a contract for 1965, though Creamer suggested that Weiss, Grant and Payson would have preferred that the 74-year-old Stengel retire.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=305–309}}

{{quote box | align = left | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = And we have this fine young catcher named [[Greg Goossen|Goossen]], who is only twenty years old, who in ten years, he has a chance to be thirty.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Bak|p=179}}}}

The early part of the 1965 season saw similar futility. On July 25, the Mets had a party at [[Toots Shor's]]  for the invitees to the following day's Old-Timers' Game. Sometime during that evening, Stengel fell off a barstool and broke his hip. The circumstances of his fall are not known with certainty, as he did not realize he had been severely injured until the following day. Stengel spent his 75th birthday in the hospital. Recognizing that considerable rehabilitation would be required, he retired as manager of the Mets on August 30, replaced by [[Wes Westrum]], one of his coaches. The Mets would again finish in last place.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=309–312}}

==Later years and death==
[[File:caseystengelgrave.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A footstone-style grave marker for Casey and Edna Stengel|Gravesite in [[Glendale, California]]]]

The Mets retired Stengel's uniform number, 37, on September 2, 1965, after which he returned to his home in California.  He was kept on the team payroll as a vice president, but for all intents and purposes he was out of baseball. His life settled into a routine of attending the World Series (especially when in California), the All-Star Game, Mets spring training, and the baseball writers' dinner in New York. The writers, who elect members of baseball's Hall of Fame, considered it unjust that Stengel should have to wait the usual five years after retirement for election, and waived that rule. On March 8, 1966, at a surprise ceremony at the Mets spring training site in St. Petersburg, Stengel was told of his election; he was inducted in July along with [[Ted Williams]]. Thereafter, he added the annual Hall of Fame induction ceremony to his schedule.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=313–316}} In 1969, the "Amazin' Mets" justified their nickname by unexpectedly winning [[1969 World Series|the World Series]] over the favored Orioles. Stengel attended the Series, threw out the first ball for Game 3 at Shea, and visited the clubhouse after the Mets triumphed in Game 5 to win the Series.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=343–344}} The Mets presented him with a championship ring.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=361}}

{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = Most people my age are dead at the present time.
| source = — Casey Stengel, in his final years{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=361}}}}

Stengel also participated in Old-Timers' Day at a number of ballparks, including, regularly, Shea Stadium.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=338, 341}} In 1970, the Yankees invited him to Old-Timers' Day, at which his number, 37, was to be retired. By this time, the Yankee ownership had changed, and the people responsible for his dismissal were no longer with the team. He accepted and attended, and Stengel became the fifth Yankee to have his number retired. He thereafter became a regular at the Yankees' Old-Timers' Day.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=344–348}}

By 1971, Edna Stengel was showing signs of [[Alzheimer's disease]],{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=346}} and in 1973, following a stroke, she was moved into a nursing home.<ref name = "sabr" /> Casey Stengel continued to live in his Glendale home with the help of his housekeeper June Bowdin. Stengel himself showed signs of senility in his last years, and during the final year of his life, these increased.{{sfn|Bak|pp=174–175}} In his last year, Stengel cut back on his travel schedule, and was too ill to attend the Yankees' Old-Timers Day game in August 1975, at which it was announced that Billy Martin would be the new team manager.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=351}} A diagnosis of cancer of the lymph glands had been made, and Stengel realized he was dying. In mid-September, he was admitted to Glendale Memorial Hospital, but the cancer was inoperable.  He died there on September 29, 1975. Stengel was interred in the [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery]] in Glendale.{{sfn|Bak|pp=175, 179}}

The tributes to Stengel upon his death were many. [[Maury Allen]] wrote, "He is gone and I am supposed to cry, but I laugh. Every time I saw the man, every time I heard his voice, every time his name was mentioned, the creases in my mouth would give way and a smile would come to my face".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=354}} [[Richie Ashburn]], a member of the 1962 Mets, stated, "Don't shed any tears for Casey. He wouldn't want you to&nbsp;... He was the happiest man I've ever seen".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=354}} [[Jim Murray (sportswriter)|Jim Murray]] of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]] '' wrote, "God is certainly getting an earful tonight".{{sfn|Bak|p=178}}

Edna Stengel died in 1978,{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=358}} and was interred next to her husband. In addition to the marker at their graves in Forest Lawn Cemetery, there is a plaque nearby in tribute to Casey Stengel, which besides biographical information contains a bit of Stengelese: "There comes a time in every man's life, and I've had plenty of them".{{sfn|Bak|p=178}}

==Managerial record==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="5"|Regular season !! colspan="4"|Postseason<ref name="managerial record"/>
|-
!Games!!Won!!Lost!!Win %!!Finish!! Won !! Lost !! Win % !! Result
|-
|-
![[1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]]|| {{mlby|1934}}
||152||{{WinLossPct|71|81}}|| 6th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1935 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]]|| {{mlby|1935}}
||153||{{WinLossPct|70|83}}|| 5th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]]|| {{mlby|1936}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|67|87}}|| 7th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|BKN total ||459||{{WinLossPct|208|251}}|| || {{WinLossPct|0|0}} ||
|-
![[1938 Boston Bees season|BOB]]|| {{mlby|1938}}
||152||{{WinLossPct|77|75}}|| 5th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1939 Boston Bees season|BOB]]|| {{mlby|1939}}
||151||{{WinLossPct|63|88}}|| 7th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1940 Boston Bees season|BOB]]|| {{mlby|1940}}
||152||{{WinLossPct|65|87}}|| 7th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1941 Boston Braves season|BOB]]|| {{mlby|1941}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|62|92}}|| 7th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1942 Boston Braves season|BOB]]|| {{mlby|1942}}
||148||{{WinLossPct|59|89}}|| 7th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
![[1943 Boston Braves season|BOB]]|| {{mlby|1943}}
||107||{{WinLossPct|47|60}}|| 6th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|BOB total ||864||{{WinLossPct|373|491}}|| || {{WinLossPct|0|0}} ||
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1949 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1949}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|97|57}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|1}} || '''Won [[1949 World Series|World Series]] ([[1949 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]])'''
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1950 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1950}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|98|56}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|0}} || '''Won [[1950 World Series|World Series]] ([[1950 Philadelphia Phillies season|PHI]])'''
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1951 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1951}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|98|56}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|2}} || '''Won [[1951 World Series|World Series]] ([[1951 New York Giants (MLB) season|NYG]])'''
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1952 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1952}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|95|59}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|3}} || '''Won [[1952 World Series|World Series]] ([[1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]])'''
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1953 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1953}}
||151||{{WinLossPct|99|52}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|2}} || '''Won [[1953 World Series|World Series]] ([[1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]])'''
|-
![[1954 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1954}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|103|51}}|| 2nd in AL || – || – || – || –
|-style="background:#fdd"
![[1955 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1955}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|96|58}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|3|4}} || Lost [[1955 World Series|World Series]] ([[1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]])
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1956 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1956}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|97|57}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|3}} || '''Won [[1956 World Series|World Series]] ([[1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season|BKN]])'''
|-style="background:#fdd"
![[1957 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1957}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|98|56}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|3|4}} || Lost [[1957 World Series|World Series]] ([[1957 Milwaukee Braves season|MIL]])
|-style="background:#fde910"
![[1958 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1958}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|92|62}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|4|3}} || '''Won [[1958 World Series|World Series]] ([[1958 Milwaukee Braves season|MIL]])'''
|-
![[1959 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1959}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|79|75}}|| 3rd in AL || – || – || – || –
|-style="background:#fdd"
![[1960 New York Yankees season|NYY]]|| {{mlby|1960}}
||154||{{WinLossPct|97|57}}|| '''1st in AL''' || {{WinLossPct|3|4}} || Lost [[1960 World Series|World Series]] ([[1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season|PIT]])
|-
! colspan="2"|NYY total ||1845||{{WinLossPct|1149|696}}|| || {{WinLossPct|37|26}} ||
|-
![[1962 New York Mets season|NYM]]|| {{mlby|1962}}
||160||{{WinLossPct|40|120}}|| 10th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1963 New York Mets season|NYM]]|| {{mlby|1963}}
||162||{{WinLossPct|51|111}}|| 10th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1964 New York Mets season|NYM]]|| {{mlby|1964}}
||162||{{WinLossPct|53|109}}|| 10th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1965 New York Mets season|NYM]]|| {{mlby|1965}}
||95||{{WinLossPct|31|64}}|| retired || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|NYM total ||579||{{WinLossPct|175|404}}|| || {{WinLossPct|0|0}} ||
|-
! colspan="2"|Total<ref name="managerial record">{{cite web|title=Casey Stengel|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/stengca01.shtml|website=Baseball Reference|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=September 27, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924195609/http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/stengca01.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ||3747||{{WinLossPct|1905|1842}}|| || {{WinLossPct|37|26}} || 
|}

==Awards and honors==
{{quote box | align = right | width = 20em | salign = right
| quote =  You could look it up.
| source = Casey Stengel, on many a story{{sfn|Bak|pp=173–174}}}}
{{MLBBioRet
|Image  = CaseyStengel Mets.png
|Name   = Casey Stengel
|Number = 37
|Team   = New York Mets
|Year   = 1965
|}}
{{MLBBioRet
|Image  = CaseyStengel37.jpg
|Name   = Casey Stengel
|Number = 37
|Team   = New York Yankees
|Year   = 1970
|}}

As part of professional baseball's centennial celebrations in 1969, Stengel was voted its "Greatest Living Manager".{{sfn|Bak|p=174}} He had his uniform number, 37, retired by both the Yankees and the Mets. He is the first man in MLB history to have had his number retired by more than one team based solely upon his managerial accomplishments, and was joined in that feat in 2011 by the late [[Sparky Anderson]], who had called Stengel "the greatest man" in the history of baseball.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-11-sp-2922-story.html|title=The Greatest Man in Baseball?' Here's A Vote for Stengel|agency=UPI|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 4, 2017|date=August 11, 1985|archive-date=August 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806075155/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-11/sports/sp-2922_1_casey-stengel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2016 |title=Shaq and 31 More Athletes with Numbers Retired by Multiple Teams |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/nba/shaq-and-31-more-athletes-with-numbers-retired-by-multiple-teams |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223082256/http://www.foxsports.com/nba/story/shaq-athletes-multiple-retired-numbers-jersey-miami-heat-los-angeles-lakers-wayne-gretzky-jackie-robinson-michael-jordan-022216 |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |access-date=September 4, 2017 |work=[[Fox Sports]]}}</ref> The Yankees dedicated a plaque in Yankee Stadium's [[Monument Park (Yankee Stadium)|Monument Park]] in Stengel's memory on July 30, 1976, reading: "Brightened baseball for over 50 years;  with spirit of eternal youth;  Yankee manager 1949–1960 winning 10 pennants and 7 world championships including a record 5 consecutive, 1949–1953".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=358}} He was inducted into the [[New York Mets Hall of Fame]] in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/history/nym_history_halloffame.jsp|title=Mets Hall of Fame|access-date=September 4, 2017|publisher=[[New York Mets]]|archive-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909205733/http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/history/nym_history_halloffame.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Stengel is the only man to have worn the uniform (as player or manager) of all four Major League Baseball teams in New York City in the 20th century: the Dodgers, Giants, Yankees and Mets.<ref>{{cite news|last=Corio|first=Ray|title=Question Box|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/06/sports/question-box.html|date=April 6, 1987|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904200626/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/06/sports/question-box.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the only person to have played or managed for the home team in five New York City major league venues: [[Washington Park (baseball)|Washington Park]], [[Ebbets Field]], the [[Polo Grounds]], [[Shea Stadium]] and the original [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]].{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=313}} In 2009, in an awards segment on the [[MLB Network]] titled "The Prime 9", he was named "The Greatest Character of The Game", beating out Yogi Berra.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=1–2}}

== Managerial techniques ==
Stengel re-invigorated platooning in baseball. Most of Stengel's playing days were after offensive platooning, choosing left-handed batters against a right-handed pitcher and the converse, was used successfully by the World Series champion [[1914 Boston Braves season|1914 Boston "Miracle" Braves]]. This set off widespread use of platooning: Stengel himself was several times during his playing career platooned against right-handers, but the practice fell into disuse around 1930. Stengel reintroduced it to the Yankees, and its prominent use amid the team's success caused it to be imitated by other teams.{{sfn|Jaffe|loc=1087}}{{sfn|James 2001|loc=3057}}{{sfn|James 1997|loc=2197}}  [[Bill James]] deemed Stengel and [[Earl Weaver]] the most successful platoon managers.{{sfn|James 2001|loc=3059}}

This strategic selection also applied to the pitchers, as Stengel leveraged his staff, starting his best pitchers against the best opponents. Although Stengel is best known for doing this with the Yankees, he also did it in his days managing Brooklyn and Boston, and to a very limited extent with the Mets.{{sfn|Jaffe|loc=3604, 3629}} Rather than have a regular pitching rotation to maximize the number of starts a pitcher will have, Stengel often rested pitchers longer to take advantage of situational advantages which he perceived.  For example, Stengel started [[Eddie Lopat]] against Cleveland whenever possible, because he regularly beat them. Stengel's 1954 Yankees had the highest  [[sabermetrics]] measurement of Leverage Points Average of any 20th century baseball team.  Leveraging became unpopular after choices of starting pitchers based on it backfired on Lopez in the 1959 World Series and on Stengel in the following year's—he waited until Game 3 to start Whitey Ford because he felt Ford would be more effective at Yankee Stadium rather than at the small [[Forbes Field]]. Ford pitched two shutouts, including Game 6 at Forbes Field, but could not pitch in the Yankees' Game 7 loss. Stengel's philosophy took another blow in 1961 when Houk used Ford in a regular rotation and the pitcher went 25–4 and won the [[Cy Young Award]]—he had never won 20 games under Stengel. Today, teams prefer, for the most part, a regular rotation.{{sfn|Jaffe|loc=1087–1131}}

James noted that Stengel was not only the most successful manager of the 1950s, he was the most dominant manager of any single decade in baseball history.{{sfn|James 1997|loc=3182}} Stengel used his entire squad as Yankee manager, in contrast to other teams when he began his tenure, on which substitutes tended to get little playing time. Stengel's use of platooning meant more players saw more use, and he was generally more prone to put in a pinch hitter or replace his pitcher than other managers. Although only once in Stengel's time (1954) did the Yankees lead the league in number of pinch hitters, Stengel was known for using them in odd situations, once pinch-hitting for [[Moose Skowron]] in the first inning after a change of pitcher. Additionally, according to James, Stengel "rotated lineups with mad abandon, using perhaps 70 to 100 different lineups in a 154 game season".{{sfn|James 1997|loc=3256–3320}} Although Stengel was not the first Yankee manager to use a regular relief pitcher—Harris had seen success with [[Joe Page]] in 1947—his adoption of the concept did much to promote it.{{sfn|Jaffe|loc=3594–3598}}

Stengel often rotated infielders between positions, with the Yankees having no real regular second baseman or shortstop between 1954 and 1958. Despite this, the Yankees had a strong defensive infield throughout. Stengel gave great attention to the [[double play]], both defensively and in planning his lineup, and the Yankees responded by being first in the league in double plays as a defense six times in his twelve-year tenure, and the batters hit into the fewest double plays as a team eight times in that era.{{sfn|James 1997|loc=3337–3376}} Having had few players he could rely upon while managing Brooklyn and Boston, Stengel treated his Yankee roster with little sentimentality, trading players quickly when their performance seemed to decline, regardless of past accomplishments. Assured of quality replacements secured by the Yankee front office, the technique worked well, but was not a success with the Mets, where no quality replacements were available, and the technique caused confusion and apathy among the players.{{sfn|Jaffe|loc=3580–3590}}

==Appraisal==
{{quote box | align = right | width = 24em | salign = right
| quote = The secret of managing is to keep the five guys who hate you away from the guys who are undecided.
| source = — Casey Stengel{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=258}}}}

[[Marty Appel]] wrote of Stengel, "He was not a man for all seasons; he was a man for baseball seasons".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=349}} Stengel remains the only manager to lead his club to victory in five consecutive World Series.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=1}} How much credit he is due for that accomplishment is controversial, due to the talent on the Yankee teams he managed—''[[Total Baseball]]'' deemed that the Yankees won only six games more than expected during the Stengel years, given the number of runs scored and allowed.<ref name = "sabr" /> According to Bak, "the argument—even among some Yankees—was that the team was so good ''anybody'' could manage it to a title".{{sfn|Bak|p=105}} Rizzuto stated, "You or I could have managed and gone away for the summer and still won those pennants".{{sfn|Creamer|p=236}} Appel noted, "There was no doubt, by taking on the Mets job, he hurt his reputation as a manager. Once again, it was clear that with good players he was a good manager, and with bad players, not. Still, his Yankee years had put him so high on the list of games won, championships won, etc., that he will always be included in conversations about the greatest managers".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=326}}

[[File:HOF Stengel Casey plaque.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=A metal plaque with Stengel's face and achievements|Casey Stengel's plaque at the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]]]

[[Bill Veeck]] said of Stengel in 1966, soon after the manager's retirement, "He was never necessarily the greatest of managers, but any time he had a ball club that had a chance to win, he'd win".{{sfn|Durso|p=265}} Stengel's American League rival, Al Lopez, once said of him "I swear I don't understand some of the things he does when he manages".{{sfn|Creamer|p=315}} Though platooning survives, Stengel's intuitive approach to managing is no longer current in baseball, replaced by the use of statistics, and the advent of [[instant replay]] makes obsolete Stengel's tendency to charge from the dugout to confront an umpire over a disputed call.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=364}}

Stengel has been praised for his role in successfully launching the Mets. Appel deemed the Mets' beginnings unique, as later expansion teams have been given better players to begin with, "few expansion teams in any sport have tried the formula—a quotable, fan-popular man who would charm the press and deflect attention away from ineptness on the field".{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=361}} [[Arthur Daley (sportswriter)|Arthur Daley]] of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "he gave the Mets the momentum they needed when they needed it most. He was the booster that got them off the ground and on their journey. The smoke screen he generated to accompany the blast-off obscured the flaws and gave the Mets an acceptance and a following they could not have obtained without him".{{sfn|Durso|p=361}} James wrote, "Stengel became such a giant character that you really can't talk about him in the past. He became an enduring part of the game".{{sfn|James 1997|loc=3376}} Commissioner [[William Eckert]] said of Stengel, "he's probably done more for baseball than anyone".{{sfn|Durso|p=361}}

A child of the [[Jim Crow]] era, and from a [[Border states (American Civil War)|border state]] (Missouri) with southern characteristics, Stengel has sometimes been accused of being a racist, for example by Roy Campanella Jr., who stated that Stengel made racist remarks from the dugout during the World Series towards his father [[Roy Campanella]], Jackie Robinson and other black stars of the Dodgers. Bak noted, though, that Stengel was a "vicious and inventive" [[bench jockey]], hazing the other team with whatever might throw off their performance.{{sfn|Bak|p=139}} Stengel had poor relations with Robinson; each disliked the other and was a vocal critic.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=282–284}} One widely quoted Stengel comment was about catcher [[Elston Howard]], who became the first black Yankee in 1955, eight years after Robinson had broken the color barrier, "they finally get me a nigger, I get the only one who can't run".{{sfn|Bak|pp=139–141}} Howard, though, denied that Stengel had shouted racial epithets at the Dodgers, and said "I never felt any prejudice around Casey".{{sfn|Creamer|p=283}} [[Al Jackson]], a black pitcher with the Mets under Stengel, concurred, "He never treated me with anything but respect".{{sfn|Creamer|p=284}} According to Bill Bishop in his account of Stengel, "Casey did use language that would certainly be considered offensive today, but was quite common vernacular in the fifties. He was effusive in his praise of black players like [[Satchel Paige]], [[Larry Doby]] and Howard".<ref name = "sabr" /> Conscious of changing times, Stengel was more careful in his choice of words while with the Mets.{{sfn|Bak|p=142}}

[[File:Mets vs Nationals 09-24-17 Pregame 39.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Exterior of a stadium. The admission gate has a large picture of Stengel in a Mets cap over it.|Stengel Gate at the Mets' current ballpark, [[Citi Field]] (seen in 2017)]]
Stengel was sometimes considered thoughtless or even cruel towards his players.{{sfn|Creamer|pp=12–13}} Examples of this include his playing Joe DiMaggio at first base,{{sfn|Creamer|p=237}} and sometimes batting Phil Rizzuto ninth, behind the pitcher, as well as his dismissal of the shortshop on Old-Timers' Day in 1956.{{sfn|Appel 2017|pp=232–235}} In spite of their falling out over the 1957 trade, Billy Martin, by then manager of the Yankees, wore a black armband in remembrance of Stengel during the 1976 season, the sole Yankee to do so.{{sfn|Appel 2017|p=358}}  According to Creamer, "It doesn't seem to be stretching the point too far to say that [[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon]] begat John McGraw who begat Casey Stengel who begat Billy Martin".{{sfn|Creamer|p=142}}

Sportswriter [[Leonard Koppett]] wrote of Stengel in ''The New York Times'':

{{Blockquote|He didn't always succeed, but he didn't always fail, either. That is why his deepest feelings in all his years as manager of the Yankees and Mets have been involved in "leaving something behind". With the Yankees, already successful, it was a desire to "rebuild", with the Mets, it was a desire to build from nothing.{{Sfn|Durso|p=361}}}}

== Books ==
* Casey Stengel and Harry T. Paxton (1962). [https://archive.org/details/caseyatbatstoryo0000case ''Casey at the Bat: The Story of My Life in Baseball'']. New York: Random House. {{Lccn|62-8465}}. {{OCLC|1346711}}.

==See also==
* [[List of Major League Baseball managerial wins and winning percentage leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball managers with most career ejections]]

==References==
Numbers for the James books and for Jaffe indicate Kindle locations.
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Appel
 | first = Marty
 | author-link = Marty Appel
 | year = 2012
 | title = Pinstripe Empire: The New York Yankees From Before the Babe to After the Boss
 | location = New York
 | publisher = [[Bloomsbury USA]]
 | isbn = 978-1-60819-492-6
 | ref = {{sfnRef|Appel 2012}}
}}
* {{cite book|last=Appel|first=Marty|title=Casey Stengel: Baseball's Greatest Character|isbn=978-0-385-54048-3|edition=Kindle|year=2017|publisher= [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|location=New York|ref={{sfnRef|Appel 2017}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Bak|first=Richard|title=Casey Stengel: A Splendid Baseball Life|year=1997|isbn=978-0-87833-929-7|publisher= [[Taylor Publishing Company]]|location=Dallas, Texas|ref={{sfnRef|Bak}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Creamer|first=Robert W.|title=Stengel: His Life and Times|edition=First Bison Books|year=1996|orig-year=1984|isbn=978-0-8032-6367-3|publisher= [[University of Nebraska Press]]|location=Lincoln, Nebraska|ref={{sfnRef|Creamer}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Durso|first=Joseph|title=Casey & Mr. McGraw|year=1989|publisher=[[The Sporting News]]|isbn=978-0-89204-307-1|location=St. Louis, Missouri|ref={{sfnRef|Durso}}|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/caseymrmcgraw00durs}}
* {{cite book|last=Jaffe|first=Chris|title=Evaluating Baseball's Managers|publisher=[[McFarland & Co.]]|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|year=2010|edition=Kindle|isbn=978-0-7864-3920-1|ref={{sfnRef|Jaffe}}}}
* {{cite book|last=James|first=Bill|author-link=Bill James|title=The Bill James Guide to Baseball Managers from 1870 to Today|year=1997|publisher=Diversion Books|edition=Kindle|isbn=978-1-62681-263-5|location=New York|ref={{sfnRef|James 1997}}}}
* {{cite book|last=James|first=Bill|title=The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract|url=https://archive.org/details/newbilljameshist00jame|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|edition=Paperback (Kindle)|isbn=978-1-4391-0693-8|location=New York|ref={{sfnRef|James 2001}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Lieb|first=Fred|title=Baseball as I Have Known It|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0448173026/page/278|year=1977|isbn=978-0-448-17302-3|publisher=Grosset & Dunlap|location=New York|ref={{sfnRef|Lieb}}}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Baseballstats|mlb=122737|espn=18046|br=s/stengca01|fangraphs=1012481|brm=stenge001cha|retro=S/Pstenc101}}
* {{Baseball-reference manager|stengca01}}
* {{Baseball Hall of Fame profile|stengel-casey}}
* {{Sabrbio|casey-stengel}}
* {{IMDb name|0826569}}
* {{Discogs artist|Casey Stengel}}
* [http://www.wnyc.org/story/happy-casey-stengel-day Charles Dillon "Casey" Stengel interviewed with New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. on the occasion of Stengel's 75th birthday celebration at City Hall, July 22, 1965 as broadcast on WNYC Radio.]

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