View source for Cartosat-2

{{Short description|Indian Earth observation satellite}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Distinguish|Cartosat-2F}}
{{Infobox spaceflight |auto=all
| name              = Cartosat-2
| names_list        = IRS-P7<br/>CartoSat-2AT

| mission_type      = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]]
| operator          = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID         = 2007-001B
| SATCAT            = 29710
| website           = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration  = 5 years (planned)<br/>12 years (achieved)

| spacecraft        = IRS-P7
| spacecraft_type   = 
| spacecraft_bus    = IRS-2 <ref name="gunter">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cartosat-2.htm|title=Cartosat 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E|work=Gunter's Space Page|first=Gunter|last=Krebs |access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref>
| manufacturer      = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass       = {{cvt|680|kg}} <ref name="C7.brochure">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C7/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf|title=PSLV C7/Cartosat-2/SRE Mission Brochure|publisher=ISRO|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731200439/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C7/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| dimensions        = 
| power             = 900 [[watt]]s<ref name="C2.site">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/cartosat-2-0|title=Cartosat-2|publisher=ISRO|date=10 January 2007|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730131228/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/cartosat-2-0|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="oscar.C2">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/21|title=Satellite: CartoSat-2|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref>

| launch_date       = 10 January 2007, 03:57:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<ref name="Trajectory"/>
| launch_rocket     = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] ([[PSLV C7]]) <ref name="C7.brochure"/>
| launch_site       = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|FLP]]<ref name="C7.brochure"/>
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service   = 2007
| disposal_type     = 
| deactivated       = 2019
| last_contact      = 
| decay_date        = 14 Feb 2024

| orbit_reference   = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime      = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]<ref name="Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=2007-001B|title=Trajectory: Cartosat-2 2007-001B |publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> 
| orbit_periapsis   = {{cvt|621|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis    = {{cvt|641|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 97.9°
| orbit_period      = 97.3 minutes
| apsis             = gee

| instruments_list  = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
  | acronym1        = PAN
  | name1           = Panchromatic Camera
 }}

| programme         = [[Earth observation satellite|Resourcesat series]]
| previous_mission  = [[Cartosat-1]]
| next_mission      = [[Cartosat-2A]]
}}

'''Cartosat-2''' was an [[Earth observation satellite]] in a [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] and the second of the [[Cartosat]] series of satellites. The satellite was built, launched and maintained by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). Weighing around 680&nbsp;kg at launch, its applications were mainly be towards [[cartography]] . It was launched by the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] [[PSLV C7]] launch vehicle on 10 January 2007.

== Satellite description ==
Cartosat-2 carried a state-of-the-art [[panchromatic]] (PAN) camera that took black and white pictures of the [[Earth]] in the [[Visible spectrum|visible region]] of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]]. The swath covered by this high resolution PAN camera was 9.6&nbsp;km and their spatial resolution is less than 1 metre. The satellite could be steered up to 45° along as well as across the track. Cartosat-2 was an advanced [[remote sensing]] satellite capable of providing scene-specific spot imagery. The data from the satellite was used for detailed mapping and other cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure development and management, as well as applications in [[Land information system]] (LIS) and [[Geographic information system]] (GIS). The first imagery, received on 12 January 2007, covered a length of 240&nbsp;km from [[Paonta Sahib]] in Shivalik region to [[Delhi]]. Another set of imagery of about 50&nbsp;km length covered [[Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary|Radhanagari]] to Sagoan in [[Goa]]. Analysis of the first imagery received at [[National Remote Sensing Centre|National Remote Sensing Agency]]'s data reception station at [[Shadnagar]], in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], confirmed excellent performance of the on-board camera.

Cartosat-2's [[panchromatic]] camera was able to produce images better than 1 metre in resolution,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasco.co.jp/eng/products/cartosat-2/|title=Cartosat-2: Optical Satellite |website=pasco.co.jp|access-date=26 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211171019/http://www.pasco.co.jp/eng/products/cartosat-2/|archive-date=11 February 2013}}</ref> compared to the 82&nbsp;cm panchromatic resolution offered by the [[Ikonos]] satellite.<ref name="OSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/687|title=Instrument: OSA|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> India had previously purchased images from Ikonos at about US$20 per square kilometre; the use of Cartosat-2 will provide imagery at 20 times lower cost. At the time of Cartosat-2's launch, India was buying about {{₹|20 crore|link=yes}} per year from Ikonos.<ref name="hindu20070111">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/pslv-launch-successful/article1646204.ece|title=PSLV launch successful|newspaper=The Hindu|series=Business Line|first=Archana|last=Venkat|date=11 January 2007|access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>

== End of life ==
After 12 years of service in a circular orbit of almost 630&nbsp;km altitude Cartosat-2 would have taken about 30 years to de-orbit naturally. With 25&nbsp;kg of propellant remaining it was decided by ISRO's Directorate for Space Situational Awareness and Management (DSSAM) to decommission the spacecraft and lower the perigee using left-over propellant so that it meets [[United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs]] (UNOOSA)'s space debris mitigation guidelines. Between 6 March to 3 September 2020, perigee was lowered incrementally by performing 26 perigee reduction burns putting the spacecraft in 630 × 390&nbsp;km orbit. This was ISRO's first [[low Earth orbit]] satellite to be decommissioned in this manner. Orbit of Cartosat-2 is expected to decay naturally within 10 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Mission Disposal of Cartosat-2: Compliance with IADC Guidelines|url=https://space-debris-conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/page/programme|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420143221/https://space-debris-conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/page/programme|archive-date=20 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-20|website=space-debris-conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int|quote=After providing uninterrupted payload services for 12 years, it was decided to decommission the satellite in late 2019 following on-board subsystem degradation. At an orbit of 630 km altitude, the lifetime of Cartosat-2 was estimated to be more than 30 years. The satellite also had about 26 kg left-over propellant. Although the satellite was not specifically designed for end-of-life de-orbiting, it was proposed by ISRO's Directorate for Space Situational Awareness and Management (DSSAM) to lower the perigee of the satellite, so as to limit its post mission orbital life time in compliance with the 25-year guideline of IADC for post mission disposal of LEO objects, and at the same time, deplete the left-over fuel to mitigate any accidental break-up risk. The de-orbiting operations were planned and executed by the operational team at [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] (ISTRAC) in close coordination with mission and subsystem designers from various ISRO centres. Starting with the first perigee-lowering manoeuvre on 6 March 2020, 26 perigee reduction burns were conducted till 3 September 2020 to progressively lower the perigee below 400 km.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2021 |title=Post Mission Disposal of Cartosat-2: Compliance with IADC Guidelines |url=https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/sdc8/paper/193/SDC8-paper193.pdf}}</ref>

The satellite re-entered Earth's atmosphere and was subsequently destroyed on 14 February 2024 at 10:18 UTC over the southern Indian Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/press-meet-reentry-cartosat-2.html|title=Atmospheric Re-entry of Cartosat-2|work=[[ISRO]]|date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Orbital height profile of CARTOSAT 2 |url=https://heavens-above.com/OrbitHeight.aspx?satid=29710&startMJD=58515.0&endMJD=60341.0 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=heavens-above.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Integrated Space Cell#Military|Indian military satellites]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/cartosat-2-0 Cartosat-2 website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730131228/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/cartosat-2-0 |date=30 July 2017 }}

{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Rest of the World Reconnaissance Satellites}}
{{Orbital launches in 2007}}

[[Category:Cartosat]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2007]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]]
[[Category:Spacecraft decommissioned in 2019]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2024]]