View source for Cardigan Welsh Corgi

{{multiple issues|
{{confusing|date=April 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox Dogbreed
<!-- Put article text AFTER this infobox markup. See: -->
<!-- Wikipedia:WikiProject Dog breeds/Templates for more info.-->
| image = Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Profile.png
| image_caption = Brindle and white Cardigan Welsh Corgi
| name = Cardigan Welsh Corgi
| nickname = Cardigan<br />CWC<br />Cardi
| country = [[Wales]]
<!-----Kennel club standards----->
| kc_name        = [[The Kennel Club]]
| kc_std         = https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/breed-standards/pastoral/welsh-corgi-cardigan/
| fcistd = http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/038g01-en.pdf
}}<!-- End Infobox Dogbreed info. Article Begins Here -->

The '''Cardigan Welsh corgi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɔr|ɡ|i}}; [[Welsh language|Welsh]] for "dwarf dog")<ref name=":0" /> is one of two different varieties of [[livestock]]-[[herding dogs|herding]] [[dog breed]]s known as [[Welsh Corgi|Welsh corgis]] (originating in [[Wales]]), with the other being the [[Pembroke Welsh corgi]]. It is one of the oldest breeds of the [[British Isles]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Cardigan Welsh Corgi - Details|url=http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/cardigan-welsh-corgi/detail/|website=American Kennel Club|access-date=1 March 2017|archive-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302112425/http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/cardigan-welsh-corgi/detail/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cardigan Welsh corgis are known to be an extremely loyal and trainable dog breed, naturally attuned to herding many different animals, from [[poultry]] and [[waterfowl]] to large livestock such as [[sheep]] and [[cattle]].<ref name="GerstenfeldSchultz1999">{{cite book|author1=Sheldon L. Gerstenfeld|author2=Jacque Lynn Schultz|author3=American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals|title=ASPCA complete guide to dogs|url=https://archive.org/details/aspcacompletegui0000gers|url-access=registration|access-date=11 December 2011|date=15 October 1999|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-1904-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/aspcacompletegui0000gers/page/160 160]–}}</ref> They are also versatile and can live in a variety of settings.

==History==
Pembroke Welsh and Cardigan Welsh corgis were both originally listed as one breed by [[The Kennel Club]] (UK) in 1925; the two varieties were officially recognized as distinct from one another by The Kennel Club by 1928, but were still categorized together under the title of "Welsh Corgis".<ref name="Eldredge2009" /> In 1934, due to judge preferences towards each breed separately, the two breeds were finally described as uniquely different and shown separately at dog shows.<ref name=":3" /> The official name was changed from Corgi (Welsh) to Cardigan Welsh Corgi in 2006.<ref name=":3" /> '''The Corgi Club''' was founded in December 1925 in [[Carmarthen]], South Wales.<ref name="Eldredge2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXzO-AokvVcC&pg=PA21|title=Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD|author=Debra M. Eldredge|date=27 January 2009|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-39061-0|pages=21–|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426192147/https://books.google.com/books?id=fXzO-AokvVcC&pg=PA21|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that the local members favoured the Pembroke corgis, so a club for Cardigan enthusiasts was founded a year later in 1926.<ref name="Eldredge2009" /> Both groups have worked hard to ensure the appearance and type of breed are standardised, through careful and selective breeding.<ref name="Eldredge2009" />

One theory, regarding the breed’s origin, is that both types of corgi descended from a line of northern, [[spitz]]-type dogs;<ref>{{cite book |author=Debra M. Eldredge |title=Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXzO-AokvVcC&pg=PA21 |access-date=10 December 2011 |date=27 January 2009 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=978-0-470-39061-0 |pages=21– |archive-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426192147/https://books.google.com/books?id=fXzO-AokvVcC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref> a second theory is that they descended from the [[teckel]] family of dogs, which also is where the [[dachshund]] originated.<ref name=":3">{{cite web
 |title        = History of the Cardigan Welsh Corgi
 |publisher    = Cardigan Welsh Corgi Association
 |url          = http://www.cardigancorgis.com/history.asp
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070429022116/http://www.cardigancorgis.com/history.asp
 |archive-date = 2007-04-29
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

The word "corgi" is derived from the {{langx|cy|cor gi}}, which means "dwarf dog".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/corgi?s=t|title=Corgi|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2018-01-02|archive-date=2018-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072548/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/corgi?s=t|url-status=live}}</ref> The breed was formerly called "yard-long dog" ({{langx|cy|ci-llathed}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalpurebreddogday.com/the-yard-long-dog/|title=The "Yard-Long" Dog|date=2017-09-09|website=National Purebred Dog Day|access-date=2018-01-02|archive-date=2018-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072821/https://nationalpurebreddogday.com/the-yard-long-dog/|url-status=live}}</ref> The name "Cardigan Welsh corgi" name comes from their area of origin in Wales, [[Ceredigion|Cardigan (Welsh 'Ceredigion')]] (and not from their coat markings which may vaguely resemble a "[[Cardigan (sweater)|cardigan]]" worn by the dog). It was brought to the US for the first time in June of 1931.<ref name=":3" />

==Description==
The Cardigan is a long, low dog with upright ears and a fox brush tail.<ref name="Beauchamp2010">{{cite book|author=Richard G. Beauchamp|title=Welsh Corgis: Pembroke and Cardigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcNAsfsOT8YC&pg=PA25|access-date=11 December 2011|date=1 March 2010|publisher=Barron's Educational Series|isbn=978-0-7641-4242-0|pages=25–}}</ref>

Originally used only as a farm guardian, they eventually took on the traits of a cattle drover, herder, and many more.<ref name="GreyeSmith2002">{{cite book|author1=Jan Greye|author2=Gail Jesse Smith|title=Puppy Parenting: Everything You Need to Know About Your Puppy's First Year|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42p1AzLpNeQC&pg=PA30|access-date=11 December 2011|date=30 July 2002|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-001260-1|pages=30–}}</ref> They are still highly valued for their herding, working, and guarding skills, as well as their companionship.  The old [[American Kennel Club]] standard called it an "[[Alsatian (dog)|Alsatian]] on short legs".{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} The Cardigan's tail is long (unlike the [[Pembroke Welsh Corgi]], whose tail may be long,<ref>Hytönen et al. (2008), "Ancestral T-box mutation is present in many, but not all, short-tailed dog breeds", ''Journal of Heredity'', Advance Access published online on October 14, 2008, {{doi|10.1093/jhered/esn085}} [https://archive.today/20120712193610/http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/esn085v1]</ref> [[Natural bobtail|naturally bobbed]] or docked<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akc.org/breeds/pembroke_welsh_corgi/|title=Pembroke Welsh Corgi Breed Standard|publisher=American Kennel Club|access-date=2008-05-20|archive-date=2008-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509192758/http://www.akc.org/breeds/pembroke_welsh_corgi/|url-status=live}}</ref>). The Cardigan is also larger than the Pembroke.<ref name=":2" />

[[Image:NordJW-06 Mudpaws Duke Silver.jpg|thumb|[[Merle (dog coat)|Blue merle]] Cardigan]]
Cardigans, which are double coated,  come in a variety of colors including any shade of red, sable, or [[brindle]], as well as black, with or without tan, brindle or blue [[Merle (dog coat)|merle]] (a rare breed due to the challenges with breeding<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Allison |first=Sarah |date=Winter 2023 |title=The Fairy Mythology of Corgis |journal=Gramarye |issue=24 |pages=19-28 |via=UNM Library Database - Articles Only}}</ref>), with or without tan or brindle points. The Blue Merle coat, unique to the larger and more relaxed Cardigan Welsh Corgis, is characterized by black or grey speckles or marbling and pale blue or uniquely colored eyes.<ref name=":2" /> Other unofficial colors can occur, such as red merle, but these colors are not considered acceptable per the Cardigan standard. They usually have white on the neck, chest, legs, muzzle, underneath, tip of the tail and as a blaze on the head, known as the "Irish pattern". {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} Other markings include ticking on the legs and muzzle, smutty muzzles and monk's hoods, especially on sables (a pattern of darker tipped hairs over a basic red coat color.){{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}.  An average Cardigan is around {{convert|10|to|13|in|abbr=}} tall at the [[withers]] and weighs from {{convert|30|to|38|lb}} for the male and {{convert|25|to|34|lb}} for the female.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hillspet.com/dog-care/dog-breeds/welsh-corgi-cardigan|title=Welsh Corgi Cardigan Dog Breed - Facts and Traits {{!}} Hill's Pet|website=Hill's Pet Nutrition|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-04|archive-date=2019-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104231219/https://www.hillspet.com/dog-care/dog-breeds/welsh-corgi-cardigan|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Breeding ==
Male corgis can breed at any time throughout the year. While female corgis have different mating periods, they typically breed twice a year. They can conceive for about 21 days during each cycle, referred to as being "in heat." Pregnancy lasts about two months, and the female can have a small or large litter of puppies, a process known as whelping. Newborn puppies are blind and deaf at birth, but begin to see after 10 days and hear after three weeks. Their first teeth emerge in two to three weeks, and they are weaned off milk after six weeks. By four to six months, adult teeth replace their baby teeth and they reach full maturity at two years old. <ref name=":1" />

==Health==
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.1 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McMillan | first1=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=531| pmid=38302530 | pmc=10834484 | bibcode=2024NatSR..14..531M }}</ref>

The most common causes of death in a 2004 Kennel Club survey were cancer (28.3%), old age (24.6%), and neurological disorders (15.2%).<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Adams | first1=V. J. | last2=Evans | first2=K. M. | last3=Sampson | first3=J. | last4=Wood | first4=J. L. N. | title=Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK | journal=Journal of Small Animal Practice | volume=51 | issue=10 | date=2010-10-01 | doi=10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x | pages=512–524| pmid=21029096 }}</ref>

Canine Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is known to occur in the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. This is likely due to the Cardigan being a dwarf (chondrodysplastic) breed, and these breeds frequently suffer from Type I disk disease. This disease is commonly found in the Dachshund breed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cardigancorgis.com/cwcca/breed/health/ivdd/|title=Health: IVDD – Cardigan Welsh Corgi Club of America|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-10|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930082307/https://cardigancorgis.com/cwcca/breed/health/ivdd/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Cardigan Welsh Corgi can also inherit a vision disorder known as Progressive Retinal Atrophy, with cases discovered in Australia, USA, UK and the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Petersen‐Jones |first=Simon M. |last2=Entz |first2=David D. |date=June 2002 |title=An improved DNA‐based test for detection of the codon 616 mutation in the alpha cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase gene that causes progressive retinal atrophy in the Cardigan Welsh Corgi |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2002.00223.x |journal=Veterinary Ophthalmology |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=103–106 |doi=10.1046/j.1463-5224.2002.00223.x |issn=1463-5216|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Temperament==
The Cardigan Welsh Corgi has a relaxed personality and tend to be less social. While they are cautious around strangers, their personality comes out when they become comfortable and playful.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Dearth |first=Kim D.R. |date=December 2004 |title=The Cardigan Welsh Corgi |journal=Dog World |volume=89 |issue=12 |pages=24-33 |via=Supplemental Index}}</ref>

Cardigan Welsh Corgis compete in [[dog agility]] trials, [[obedience training|obedience]], [[Dog showmanship|showmanship]], [[flyball]], and [[tracking (dog)|tracking]] events. [[Herding]] instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Corgis exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.<ref name="Hartnagle-Taylor and Ty Taylor">{{cite book|first1 = Jeanne Joy | last1 = Hartnagle-Taylor | first2 = Ty | last2 = Taylor |year = 2010|title=Stockdog Savvy|publisher=Alpine Publications|isbn=978-1-57779-106-5}}</ref> These same herding instincts can show when around running children, this behavior must be coached to avoid nipping.<ref name=":4" /> Cardigan Welsh Corgis see themselves as part of a pack, similar to wild dogs. They view humans as fellow pack members, so at home, corgis establish their place within the family and other pets, acknowledging humans as the leaders.<ref name=":1">{{Cite encyclopaedia |title=Welsh Corgi |date=1 August 2017 |encyclopaedia=Encyclopedia of Animals |publisher=Great Neck Publishing |isbn=9781429811255}}</ref>
* Cardigans are highly intelligent, active, athletic dogs.
* Housepet: They have proven themselves as excellent companion animals. Cardigans are affectionate and devoted.
* Competitive in [[sheepdog trial]]s, [[dog agility]], competitive obedience and rally obedience.
* Guard Dogs: Capable as guard dogs in spite of their small size.

<gallery>
File:Wystawa Rybnik 02.10.2011 welsh corgi cardigan głowa pl.jpg
File:Welsh Corgi Cardigan Licking.jpg
File:Cardigan Welsh Corgi 600.jpg
File:Welsh Corgi Cardigan, Dog.jpg
File:Welsh Corgi Cardigan Dog Frontal.jpg
File:Cardigan Welsh Corgi's.JPG
File:Cardigan Fred.jpg
File:Cardigan Welsh Corgi Face.JPG
File:Welsh_Corgi_Cardigan_darkbrindle.jpg
File:Welsh Corgi Cardigan named "Flow" 2020 I.jpg
File:Welsh Corgi Cardigan named "Flow" 2020 II.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Portal:Dogs|Dogs portal]]
* [[List of dog breeds]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Cardigan Welsh Corgi}}
* [http://www.mycorgi.com/ MyCorgi.com] (non-profit charity & social networking for corgi owners)

<!--Editors: breed registry, club, rescue, and kennel information links are placed on DMOZ, not here-->
{{Dog breeds originating in Wales}}{{British dogs}}
{{Livestock guardians}}
{{Spitz}}

[[Category:Herding dogs]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in Wales]]
[[Category:Vulnerable Native Breeds]]