View source for Capetian House of Anjou

{{Short description|House of the Capetian dynasty in France from 1246 to 1435}}
{{Royal house|
| surname = House of Anjou
| coat of arms = [[File:Arms of Jean dAnjou.svg|140px]]<br />Arms of the Capetian House of Anjou
| country = [[Kingdom of France]], [[Kingdom of Sicily]], [[Kingdom of Naples]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]], [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]], [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]], [[Principality of Albania (medieval)|Principality of Albania]], [[Principality of Achaea]]
| parent house = [[Capetian dynasty]]
| titles = * [[Latin Emperor]] (titular)
* [[King of Sicily]]
* [[King of Jerusalem]]
* [[King of Naples]]
* [[King of Hungary]]
* [[King of Croatia]]
* [[King of Dalmatia]]
* [[King of Poland]]
* [[King of Ruthenia|King of Galicia and Lodomeria]]
* [[King of Albania]]
* [[Hungarian occupation of Vidin|King of Bulgaria]]
* [[King of Arles]]{{cn|date=February 2025}}
* [[King of Thessalonica]] (titular)
* [[Prince of Achaea]]
* [[Prince of Salerno]]
* [[Prince of Taranto]]
* [[Duke of Calabria]]
* [[Duke of Apulia]]
* [[Duchy of Durazzo (Angevin)|Duke of Durazzo]]
* [[Duke of Transylvania]]
* [[Duke of Slavonia]]
* [[Count of Anjou]]
* [[Count of Maine]]
* [[Count of Touraine]]
* [[Count of Provence]]
* [[Count of Forcalquier]]
* [[Count of Gravina]]
| founder = [[Charles I of Naples]]
| final ruler = [[Joanna II of Naples]]
| founding year = {{start date|1246}}
| dissolution = {{end date|1435}}
| nationality = [[French people|French]]
| cadet branches = * [[House of Anjou-Durazzo]]
* [[Capetian House of Anjou#Hungary|House of Anjou-Hungary]]
* [[House of Anjou-Taranto]]
* [[Betha|House of Anjou-Béthanie]] (extant, illeg.){{cn|date=February 2025}}
}}
The '''Capetian House of Anjou''', or '''House of Anjou-Sicily''', or '''House of Anjou-Naples''' was a [[dynasty|royal house]] and [[cadet branch]] of the [[Capetian dynasty]]. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as ''Angevin'', meaning "from Anjou" in [[France]]. Founded by [[Charles I of Anjou]], the youngest son of [[Louis VIII of France]], the Capetian king first ruled the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] during the 13th century. The [[War of the Sicilian Vespers]] later forced him out of the island of [[Sicily]], leaving him with the southern half of the [[Italian Peninsula]], known as the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. The house and its various branches would go on to influence much of the history of [[Southern Europe|Southern]] and [[Central Europe|Central]] [[Europe]] during the [[Middle Ages]] until it became extinct in 1435.

Historically, the house ruled the Counties of [[Counts and dukes of Anjou|Anjou]], [[Counts and dukes of Maine|Maine]], [[Count of Tours|Touraine]], [[List of rulers of Provence|Provence]] and [[County of Forcalquier|Forcalquier]]; the Principalities of [[Principality of Achaea|Achaea]] and [[Principality of Taranto|Taranto]]; and the Kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], [[Croatia in the union with Hungary|Croatia]], [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Albania]] and [[Kingdom of Poland|Poland]].

==Rise of Charles I and his sons==

{{main|Guelphs and Ghibellines|War of the Sicilian Vespers|}}

[[File:Charles I of Sicily, Pope Clemente IV.jpg|thumb|right|The seated [[Charles I of Sicily]] is crowned by [[Pope Clement IV]].]]

A younger son of the [[House of Capet]] king [[Louis VIII of France]] ''the Lion'', Charles was first given a noble title by his brother, [[Louis IX of France]] who succeeded to the French throne in 1226. Charles was named [[Count of Anjou]] and [[County of Maine|Maine]]; the feudal [[County of Anjou]] was a western vassal state of the [[Kingdom of France]], which the Capetians had wrested from the [[House of Plantagenet]] only a few decades earlier. Charles married an heiress of the [[County of Provence]] named [[Beatrice of Provence]]. She was a member of the [[House of Barcelona]]; this meant Charles' holdings were growing as [[Count of Provence]]. After fighting in the [[Seventh Crusade]], Charles was offered the [[Kingdom of Sicily]]  by [[Pope Clement IV]]. At the time this included not only the island of [[Sicily]] but also the southern half of the [[Italian Peninsula]].  Pope Clement IV offered it to Charles because of a conflict between the papacy and the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and the latter was represented by the ruling [[House of Hohenstaufen]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

It was at the [[Battle of Benevento]] that the ''[[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]]'' Capetians gained the Sicilian kingdom from the ''Ghibelline'' Swabians, this was cemented after victory at [[Battle of Tagliacozzo|Tagliacozzo]]. In keeping with the political landscape of the period, Charles is described by scholars as shrewd, energetic and highly ambitious. He signed the [[Treaty of Viterbo]] in 1267 with [[Baldwin II of Courtenay]] and [[William II of Villehardouin]],<ref>Abulafia, 148. "He reached an agreement with the dispossessed [[Latin Emperor Baldwin]], his son and heir [[Philip of Courtenay]] and [[William of Villehardouin]] ... The resultant treaties ... signed in the papal palace at Viterbo in May 1267, would have made Charles of Anjou the effective controller of a restored Latin emperor ..."</ref> the political alliance gave many of the rights of the [[Latin Empire]] to Charles and a marriage alliance for his daughter [[Beatrice of Sicily, Latin Empress|Beatrice of Sicily]].<ref name="hazz">Hazzard, '' The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries'', 35.</ref> The Byzantines had taken back the city of [[Constantinople]] in 1261 and this was a plan to take it back from [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]].<ref name="hazz"/> It also recognised Charles' possession of [[Corfu]] and cities in the Balkans such as [[Durrës|Durazzo]], as well as giving him suzerainty over the [[Principality of Achaea]] and sovereignty of the [[Aegean islands]] aside from those already held by the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref>Abulafia, 533. "The [[principality of Morea]] and its dependencies should be transferred to [Charles of Anjou] ... granted to Charles suzerainty over the islands of the Aegean, Corfu and all Latin possession in Epiros."</ref><ref>Abulafia, 793. "[Charles of Anjou] took charge of Durazzo ..."</ref> For a while Charles was preoccupied helping his French brother in the unsuccessful [[Eighth Crusade]] on [[Tunis]]. After this he once again focused on Constantinople, but his fleet was wrecked in a freak storm off the coast of [[Trapani]].<ref name="hazzdue">Hazzard, '' The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries'', 37.</ref> With the elevation of [[Pope Gregory X]], there was a truce between Charles and Michael in the form of the [[Second Council of Lyon|Council of Lyons]], as Christians focused on improving ecumenical relations, with hopes of regaining the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] back from the Muslims.<ref name="hazzdue"/>

[[File:The Sicilian Vespers by Francesco Hayez.jpg|215px|thumb|left|Artistic depiction of the [[Sicilian Vespers]].]]

Charles had fully solidified his rule over Durazzo by 1272, creating a small [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]] for himself, out of previously [[Despotate of Epirus]] territory; he was well received by local chiefs.<ref>Van Antwerp Fine, ''The Late Medieval Balkans'', 184.</ref>

[[File:CharlesofAnjouempire.png|thumb|right|upright=1.5|alt=A map presenting Charles's realms: Anjou and Maine in the middle of present-day France; Provence in southeastern France; the Regno in southern Italy; Albania in present-day Albania and northeastern Greece; Achaea in southern Greece.|Charles's empire in the early 1270s]]

Charles's regime was driven out of Sicily after [[Sicilian Vespers]] in 1282,<ref>{{cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Runciman |title=The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/sicilianvesperst00runc |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |year=1958 |pages=219 |isbn=0-521-43774-1}}</ref> but his house ruled Naples until 1435, when [[René of Anjou]] inherited the kingdom.<ref>{{citation |last=Kekewich |first=Margaret L. |title=The Good King: Rene of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe |pages=54 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2008 }}</ref>

==Charles II and division of the inheritance==

This House of Anjou included the branches of Anjou-Hungary, which ruled [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] (1308&ndash;1385, 1386&ndash;1395) and [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]] (1370&ndash;1399), Anjou-[[Taranto]], which ruled the remnants of the Latin Empire (1313&ndash;1374) and Anjou-Durazzo, which ruled Naples (1382&ndash;1435) and Hungary (1385&ndash;1386).

The senior line of the House of Anjou-Durazzo became extinct in the male line with the death of [[Ladislaus of Naples|King Ladislaus of Naples]] in 1414, and totally extinct with the death of his sister Joanna II in 1435.

==Cadet branches==

===Hungary===
[[File:Képes krónika - 1.oldal - Lajos király a trónon (2).jpg|alt=Chronicon Pictum, King Louis I of Hungary, knights, throne, canopy, orb, secpter, Hungarian, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history|thumb|King [[Louis I of Hungary]] on the throne around his knights ([[Chronicon Pictum]], 1358)]]

During the [[Middle Ages]], there were several marriages between the [[Árpád dynasty]] and the [[House of Capet]]. [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles I]], founder of the House of Anjou-Sicily, with his first wife, [[Beatrice of Provence]] fathered his eldest son, [[Charles II of Naples]]. (Their youngest daughter, [[Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary|Elizabeth]] was given in marriage to the future [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]] in 1269, but Ladislaus preferred his mistresses to her, and the marriage remained childless). In 1270, Charles II married [[Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples|Mary of Hungary]], daughter of [[Stephen V of Hungary]] and [[Elizabeth the Cuman]]. They had fourteen children which provided the [[House of Anjou-Sicily]] with a secure position in Naples.

The childless [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]] (1262–1290), was succeeded by [[Andrew III of Hungary|Andrew III]] as King of Hungary. He was the son of [[Stephen the Posthumous]], considered by Stephen's much older half-brothers ([[Béla IV of Hungary]], [[Coloman of Galicia|Coloman of Halych]], [[Andrew of Hungary, Prince of Halych|Andrew II of Halych]]) a bastard son of infidelity. For this reason, after the death of Ladislaus IV. some of the [[Árpád dynasty]]'s cognates sought the family as extinct. In Naples, [[Charles Martel of Anjou]], the eldest son of [[Mary of Hungary]] announced his claim to the Hungarian crown, backed by his mother, and the Pope. He started to style himself King of Hungary, but he never managed to gain enough support from the Hungarian magnates to realize his claim.

With Andrew III's death (1301), the "last golden branch" of the tree of King Saint Stephen's family ended. The Hungarian diet was determined to keep the blood of [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]] (first king of Hungary) on the throne in the maternal line at least. In the upcoming years, a civil war followed between various claimants to the throne. After the short period of rule of [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia|Wenceslaus of Bohemia]] (1301–1305), and [[Otto III, Duke of Bavaria|Otto of Bavaria]] (1305–1307) the civil war ended with [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles Robert's]] (1308–1342) victory, the son of [[Charles Martel of Anjou]], but he was forced to continue fighting against the powerful Hungarian lords up to the early 1320s.

'''I. [[Charles I of Anjou]]''' 1226/7–1285 king of Sicily(-Naples) = [[Beatrice of Provence]]
:II. [[Blanche of Sicily|Blanche]] (died 1269) = [[Robert III, Count of Flanders|Robert]] lord of Béthune
:II. [[Beatrice of Sicily, Latin Empress|Beatrice]] 1252–1275 = [[Philip I, Latin Emperor|Philip]] titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople
:II. [[Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary|Elisabeth]] 1261–1303 = [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]]
:'''II. [[Charles II of Naples]]''' the Lame 1254–1309 = [[Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples|Mary of Hungary]]
::'''III. [[Charles Martel of Anjou|Charles Martel]]''' (1271–1295), titular King of Hungary = [[Clemence of Austria]]
:::'''IV. [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I]]''' (1288–1342), King of Hungary = 1. Maria of Galicia (?), 2. [[Mary of Bytom]], 3. [[Beatrice of Luxembourg]], 4. [[Elisabeth of Poland]]
::::V. (1.) [[Catherine of Hungary, Duchess of Świdnica|Catherine]] (died 1355) = [[Henry II, Duke of Świdnica]]
::::V. (4.) Charles (1321–1321/3)
::::V. (4.) Ladislaus (1324–1329)
::::'''V.''' (4.) '''[[Louis I of Hungary]]''' (1326–1382) = 1. [[Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary|Margaret of Bohemia]], 2. [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]]
:::::VI. (2.) Catherine (1370–1378)
:::::'''VI.''' (2.) '''[[Mary, Queen of Hungary|Mary of Hungary]]''' 1371–1395 = [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund of Luxembourg]]
:::::'''VI.''' (2.) '''[[Jadwiga of Poland]]''' 1373/4–1399 = [[Władysław II Jagiełło]]
::::'''V.''' (4.) '''[[Andrew, Duke of Calabria]]''' (1327–1345) = '''[[Joanna I of Naples]]'''
:::::VI. [[Charles Martel, Duke of Calabria]] (1345–1348)
::::V. (4.) Elizabeth (?) (b. 1327/1332) = Boleslaus II of Troppau
::::V. (4.) '''[[Stephen of Anjou|Stephen]]''' (1332–1354) duke of Slavonia = [[Margaret of Bavaria, Duchess of Slavonia|Margaret of Bavaria]]
:::::VI. [[Elizabeth of Slavonia|Elizabeth]] 1352–1380 = [[Philip II, Prince of Taranto]], titular Emperor of Constantinople
:::::VI. [[John of Anjou|John]] (1354–1360), duke of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia
::::V. Coloman (1317–1375), Bishop of Győr – illegitimate son with daughter of Gurke Csák
:::IV. [[Beatrice of Hungary, Dauphine of Viennois|Beatrice]] (1290–1354) = [[John II of Viennois|Jean II de La Tour du Pin]], Dauphin du Viennois
:::IV. [[Clementia of Hungary]] (1293–1328) = [[Louis X of France]]
::III. [[Margaret, Countess of Anjou|Margaret]] (1273–1299) = [[Charles of Valois]]
::'''III. [[Saint Louis of Toulouse]]''' (1274–1298), Bishop of Toulouse
::'''III. [[Robert, King of Naples|Robert the Wise]]''' (1275–1343), King of Naples = 1. [[Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Calabria|Yolanda of Aragon]], 2. [[Sancia of Majorca]]
:::IV. (1.) [[Charles, Duke of Calabria|Charles]] (1298–1328), Duke of Calabria, Viceroy of Naples = 1. [[Catherine of Austria, Duchess of Calabria|Catherine of Habsburg]] (1295–1323), 2. [[Maria of Calabria|Marie of Valois]] (1309–1332)
::::V. (2.) Eloisa (1325–1325)
::::'''V.''' (2.) '''[[Joanna I of Naples]]''' (1326–1382) = '''[[Andrew, Duke of Calabria]]''' (1327–1345)
::::V. (2.) Charles Martel (1327–1327)
::::V. (2.) [[Maria of Calabria]] (1329–1366) = 1. [[Charles, Duke of Durazzo]] 2. Robert of Baux, Count of Avellino 3. [[Philip II, Prince of Taranto]]
:::IV. (1.) Louis (1301–1310)
:::IV. (i.) [[Charles d'Artois]] {{circa|1300–1346}}, grand chamberlain for Queen Joanna I – illegitimate with Cantelma Cantelmo
:::IV. (i.) Maria d'Aquino (Boccaccio's Fiammetta) – illegitimate
:::IV. (i.) [[Hélène of Anjou]] (13??–1342), Countess of Mat – illegitimate = [[Andrea I Thopia]], Count of Mat
::::V. [[Karl Thopia]] (1331–1388), [[Principality of Albania (medieval)|Prince of Albania]] = [[Voisava Balsha]] 
:::::VI. [[Gjergj Thopia]] (fl. 1388 – d. 1392), Prince of Albania and Lord of Durrës = [[Teodora Branković]]
:::::VI. [[Helena Thopia]] (fl. 1388 – 1403), Princess of Albania and Lady of Krujë = 1. [[Marco Barbarigo di Croia|Marco Barbarigo]], 2. [[Konstantin Balšić|Kostandin Balsha]] 
:::::VI. [[Voisava Thopia]], Princess of Albania and Lady of Lezhë = 1. Lord Isaac Cursachio, 2. Progon Dukagjini 
:::::VI. (i.) [[Niketa Thopia]] (fl. 1388 – d. 1415), Lord of Krujë after capturing the city from his half-sister Helena<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anamali |first=Skënder |title=Historia e popullit shqiptar në katër vëllime |publisher=Toena |year=2002 |isbn=99927-1-622-3 |pages=251–252}}</ref> illegitimate = [[Komnen Arianiti|Komnen Arianiti's daughter]]
:::::VI. (i.) [[Maria Thopia]], Baroness of Botrugno illegitimate = Filippo Maramonte
::III. [[Philip I of Taranto|Philip I]] 1278–1331, Prince of Taranto and Achaea = 1. [[Thamar Angelina Komnene]] 2. [[Catherine of Valois–Courtenay]]
:::IV. (1.) [[Charles of Taranto]] 1296–1315, vicar of Romania
:::IV. (1.) [[Joan of Anjou]] 1297–1323 = 1.[[Oshin of Armenia]] 2. [[Oshin of Korikos]]
:::IV. (1) Margarete 1298–1340 = [[Walter VI, Count of Brienne]] titular duke of Athens
:::IV. (1.) [[Philip, Despot of Romania]] 1300–1330 = Violante (daughter of [[James II of Aragon]])
:::IV. (1.) Maria 1301/4–1368, abbess in Conversano
:::IV. (1.) Blanche 1309–1337 = Ramon Berenguer infante of Aragon, count of Prades (son of [[James II of Aragon]])
:::IV. (1.) Beatrice = Walter II of Brienne.
:::IV. (2.) Margaret {{circa|1325–1380}} = [[Francis of Baux|Francis de Baux]] duke of Adria
:::IV. (2.) [[Robert of Taranto|Robert, Prince of Taranto]] 1326–1365, titular Latin emperor of Constantinople
:::IV. (2.) [[Louis of Taranto|Louis, Prince of Taranto]] 1327/8–1362, king of Naples as husband of [[Joanna I of Naples]]
:::IV. (2.) [[Philip II of Taranto|Philip, Prince of Taranto]] 1329–1374, prince of Achaea, titular Latin emperor of Constantinople = 1. [[Maria of Calabria]] 2. [[Elisabeth of Slavonia]]
::III. [[Blanche of Anjou]] (1280–1310) = [[James II of Aragon]]
::III. [[Raymond Berengar of Andria|Raymond Berengar]] (1281–1307), Count of Provence, Prince of Piedmont and Andria = Margaret of Clermont
::III. John (1283–1308), a priest
::III. Tristan (1284–bef. 1288)
::III. [[Eleanor of Anjou]], (1289–1341) = Frederick III of Sicily
::III. [[Maria of Naples]] (1290–c. 1346) = 1. Sancho I of Majorca, 2. Jaime de Ejerica
::III. [[Peter Tempesta]] (1291–1315), Count of Gravina
::'''III. [[John of Gravina|John]]''' (1276–1335), Duke of Durazzo, Prince of Achaea, and Count of Gravina = 1. [[Matilda of Hainaut]] (1293–1336), 2. [[Agnes of Périgord]] (d. 1345)
:::IV. (2.) [[Charles, Duke of Durazzo]] (1323–1348) = [[Maria of Calabria]]
::::V. [[Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo]] 1344–1387 = 1. [[Louis, Count of Beaumont]] 2. [[Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu]]
::::V. [[Agnes of Durazzo]] 1345–138 = [[Cansignorio della Scala]] lord of Verona 2. [[James of Baux]]
::::V. [[Margaret of Durazzo]] 1347–1412 = [[Charles III of Naples]]
:::IV. (2.) [[Louis, Count of Gravina]] (1324–1362) = Margaret of Sanseverino
::::V. Louis (1344–d. young)
::::'''V. [[Charles III of Naples|Charles III]]''' (1345–1386), king of Naples (1382–1386) and Hungary (1385–1386) = [[Margaret of Durazzo]]
:::::VI. [[Joanna II of Naples]] 1371–1435 = 1. [[William, Duke of Austria]] 2. [[James II, Count of La Marche]]
:::::VI. [[Ladislaus of Naples]] 1377–1414 = 1. [[Costanza Chiaramonte]], 2. [[Mary of Lusignan, Queen of Naples|Mary of Lusignan]], 3. [[Mary of Enghien]]
::::V. Agnes (1347–d. young)
:::IV. (2.) [[Robert of Durazzo]] (1326–1356)
::III. Beatrice (1295–c. 1321) = 1. Azzo VIII d'Este, marchese of Ferrara, 2. Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria (d. 1351)
:II. [[Philip of Sicily|Philip]] 1256–1277, elected king of Sardinia – died childless
:II. Robert 1258–1265 – died childless

The three surviving sons of [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles Robert]] (Charles I of Hungary) were [[Louis I of Hungary]] (1326–1382), [[Andrew, Duke of Calabria]] (1327–1345), and [[Stephen of Anjou|Stephen, Duke of Slavonia]] (1332–1354). Louis I had only two surviving daughters, [[Mary, Queen of Hungary|Mary of Hungary]] (1371–1395), who married the future [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund of Luxembourg]], and [[Jadwiga of Poland|Hedwig of Poland]] (1373/74–1399), who was given in marriage to the Grand Duke of Lithuania [[Władysław II Jagiełło]], the future [[King of Poland]]. (See the section of Poland.) After Louis I's death without male heirs, Mary's husband, [[Sigismund of Luxembourg]] (1368–1437) managed to be accepted as Mary's co-ruler, by the Hungarian lords. When the queen died (1395) the Hungarian crown passed over to the House of Luxembourg.

In 1333, the six years old second son of Charles Robert, [[Andrew, Duke of Calabria|Andrew]] (1327–1345) was taken to the court of Naples by his father for dynastic purposes, who put him under guardianship of [[Robert, King of Naples|Robert the Wise]]. Andrew was betrothed in 1334 to his cousin Joanna, granddaughter and heiress apparent of King Robert of Naples; Andrew's father was a fraternal nephew of King Robert. At the age of 15 he married [[Joanna I of Naples]]. After the death of Robert (1343), the King of Naples, Andrew became a victim of power clashes in the court of Naples.

Robert's claim to the throne was rather tenuous and did not follow [[primogeniture]]. Andrew's grandfather, [[Charles Martel of Anjou]], had died young; therefore, the throne should have passed to Andrew's father. However, due to fears of impending invasion from Sicily, it was felt that a seven-year-old heir was too risky and would not be able to hold off invasions. The throne was offered to the next son of [[Charles II of Naples]], [[Saint Louis of Toulouse|Louis]], but he refused on religious grounds, and it thus passed to Robert. To recompense Andrew's father, Charles II decided to assign him the claim to Hungary.

[[Stephen of Anjou]] (1332–1354), [[Duke of Slavonia]], the third surviving son of [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles Robert]], died before his older brother. For this reason, he (and his son) had no chance to take over the rule neither in Hungary, nor in Poland. In 1350, he married [[Margaret of Bavaria]]. His marriage with a German princess made him unpopular in Poland. The Polish noblemen acknowledged Louis as Casimir III's sole heir in July 1351 only after he had promised that he would not allow Stephen to participate in the government of Poland. Margaret gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth (in 1370 she married [[Philip II, Prince of Taranto|Philip of Taranto]]), and a son [[John of Anjou|John]], who inherited Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia from his father, but he was still a child when he died in 1360.

On the death of Louis I of Hungary, [[Charles III of Naples]], son of [[Louis of Durazzo]] (1324–1362), the great-grandson of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary, claimed the Hungarian throne as the senior Angevin male, and ousted Louis' daughter Mary of Hungary in December 1385. It was not difficult for him to reach the power, as he counted with the support of several Croatian lords, and many contacts which he made during his period as Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia. However, Elizabeth of Bosnia, widow of Louis and mother of Mary, arranged to have Charles assassinated on 7 February 1386. He died of wounds at Visegrád on 24 February. His son, [[Ladislaus of Naples]] would try to obtain the crown of Hungary in the future, but never reached his goal.

===Poland===
{{see also|Union of Hungary and Poland}}
In 1355, the last [[Piast]] king of Poland, [[Casimir III of Poland|Casimir III]], designated his sororal nephew, the Angevin king [[Louis I of Hungary]], as his [[heir presumptive]] by the [[Privilege of Buda]]. Upon the death of Casimir (5 November 1370), who left no legitimate sons, Louis ascended the Polish throne virtually unopposed. The Polish nobility welcomed his accession, rightly believing that Louis would be an absentee king who would not take much interest in Polish affairs. He sent his mother [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Elizabeth]], sister of Casimir III, to govern Poland as regent.<ref name=Lukowski>{{cite book |last1=Lukowski |first1=Jerzy |author-link1=Jerzy Lukowski |last2=Zawadzki |first2=Hubert |title=A Concise History of Poland |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780521618571 |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko |access-date=9 May 2013 |url-access=registration }}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2013}} Louis probably considered himself first and foremost king of Hungary; he visited his northern kingdom three times and spent there a couple of months altogether. Negotiations with the Polish nobility frequently took place in Hungary. Hungarians themselves were unpopular in Poland, as was the king's Polish mother who governed the kingdom. In 1376, ''circa'' 160 Hungarians in her retinue were massacred in [[Kraków]] and the queen returned to Hungary disgraced.<ref name="Engel"/> Louis replaced her with their relative, [[Vladislaus II of Opole]].<ref name=Engel>{{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |title=Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary 895–1526 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2005 |isbn=9781850439776 |url=http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Humanities/History/Regional%20%20national%20history/European%20history/Realm%20of%20St%20Stephen.aspx |access-date=9 May 2013}}</ref>

The Hungarian-Polish union fell apart after Louis died in 1382. The dissatisfied Polish nobles demanded that his successor in Hungary, [[Mary, Queen of Hungary|Mary]], move to Kraków and reign over Hungary and Poland from there. Mary's mother, [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]] (widow of Louis and grandniece of Casimir III's father, [[Vladislaus I of Poland|Vladislaus I]]), knew that the lack of supporters would render her influence at least as restricted as that of her mother-in-law and refused to move.<ref name="Engel"/> She abandoned the idea of attempting to subdue the Polish nobility by force and agreed to send her younger surviving daughter, [[Jadwiga of Poland|Hedwig]], to be crowned as Louis' successor in Poland.

Hedvig (known as Jadwiga in Poland) was crowned "king" in Poland's capital, Kraków, on 16 October 1384. Her coronation either reflected the Polish nobility's opposition to her intended husband, William, becoming king without further negotiation, or simply emphasized her status as queen regnant. With her mother's consent, Jadwiga's advisors opened negotiations with [[Władysław II Jagiełło|Jogaila]], [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], who was still a pagan, concerning his potential marriage to Jadwiga. Jogaila signed the [[Union of Krewo]], pledging to convert to Roman Catholicism and to promote his pagan subjects' conversion. Jogaila, who took the baptismal name Władysław, married Jadwiga on 15 February 1386. Jogaila, now in Polish styled [[Władysław Jagiełło]], was crowned King of Poland on 4 March 1386. As Jadwiga's co-ruler, Jagiełło worked closely with his wife. Hedvig (or Jadwiga) was childless for over a decade. She became pregnant in late 1398 or early 1399. A newborn princess named Elizabeth Bonifacia was delivered on 22 June 1399 at Wawel Castle. However, the infant died after only three weeks, on 13 July 1399.[153] Jadwiga, too, was on her deathbed. She died on 17 July 1399, four days after her newborn daughter. Thus, the Polish throne went over to the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]] of Lithuanian origin. The union of Poland and Lithuania was a decisive moment in the histories of both countries; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history. By 1569, the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], and lasted until the [[Third Partition of Poland|Third Partition]] in 1795.

===Naples===
{{See also|Battle of Capua (1348)}}
After many [[Crusade against the Hohenstaufen|unsuccessful attempts]] to drive the [[Hohenstaufen]] out of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], [[Charles I of Anjou]] defeated king [[Manfred, King of Sicily|Manfred]] at the [[Battle of Benevento]]. [[James II of Aragon]], who married [[Constance II of Sicily]] of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, would gain control over the island [[Sicily]] during the [[War of the Sicilian Vespers]] in the 1280s splitting the kingdom in two with the island of Sicily becoming part of the [[Crown of Aragon]] while the kingdom of "Sicily" remained under Angevin control.

When King [[Robert, King of Naples|Robert the Wise]] died in 1343, in his last will and testament, he formally bequeathed his kingdom to his granddaughter [[Joanna I of Naples|Joanna]], making no mention of [[Andrew, Duke of Calabria|Andrew]] and thus denying him the right to reign along with Joanna. With the approval of [[Pope Clement VI]], Joanna was crowned sole monarch of Naples in August 1344. Fearing for his life, Andrew wrote to his mother Elizabeth that he would soon flee the kingdom. She intervened, and made a state visit, before she returned to Hungary allegedly bribing Pope Clement to reverse himself and permit the coronation of Andrew.

Hearing of the Pope's reversal, a group of noble conspirators (the involvement of Queen Joanna is unproved) determined to forestall Andrew's coronation. During a hunting trip at [[Aversa]], Andrew left his room in the middle of the night and was set upon by the conspirators. A treacherous servant barred the door behind him, and, as Joanna cowered in their bed, a terrible struggle ensued, Andrew defending himself furiously and shrieking for aid. He was finally overpowered, strangled with a cord, and flung from a window. Isolde, Andrew's Hungarian nurse took the Prince's corpse to the church of the monks, and remained with it until next morning mourning it. When the Hungarian knights arrived she told them everything in their mother tongue so no one else would learn about the truth, and soon they left Naples reporting everything to the Hungarian King.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kislexikon.hu/isolda.html|title=Isolda – Lexikon ::|website=www.kislexikon.hu}}</ref>

The deed would taint the rest of Joanna's reign, although she was twice acquitted of any charge in the trials that followed. Andrew's elder brother [[Louis I of Hungary]] [[Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great|several times invaded the Kingdom of Naples]] and drove out Joanna, only to meet with reverses.

In November 1347, Louis set out for Naples with some 1,000 soldiers (Hungarians and Germans), mostly mercenaries. When he reached the border of Joanna's kingdom, he had 2,000 Hungarian knights, 2,000 mercenary heavy cavalry, 2,000 [[Cuman]] horse archers and 6000 mercenary heavy infantry. Joanna in the meantime had married her cousin Louis of Taranto and had signed a peace with Naples' traditional enemy, the Kingdom of Sicily. The army of Naples, 2,700 knights and 5,000 infantrymen, was led by Louis of Taranto. On 11 January 1348, in the Battle of Capua, the king of Hungary defeated the army of Louis of Taranto. Four days later the queen repaired to Provence, while her husband followed soon afterwards. All the kingdom's barons swore loyalty to the new ruler as he marched to Naples from Benevento. While visiting Aversa, where his brother had been murdered, Louis had Charles of Durazzo assassinated in revenge by his condottiero. The Neapolitans, who had quickly grown unhappy with the severe Hungarian rule, called back Joan, who paid for her return expedition by selling her rights on Avignon to the popes. She landed near Naples and easily captured it, but the Hungarian commander Ulrich von Wolfart commanded a strong resistance in Apulia. Joanna and Louis would await a new trial on Andrew's assassination, to be held in Avignon. The verdict was Joanna's acquittal from any charge in January 1352, and a peace was signed with Hungary on 23 March 1352. Ultimately, 37 years later, Louis' kinsman [[Charles III of Naples]] conquered Naples with Hungarian aid and put Joanna to death.

As the adopted son of Joanna, [[Louis I of Anjou|Louis I]] of the [[House of Valois-Anjou]] (a different cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty related to the [[House of Valois]]) claimed the throne of Naples. His son [[Louis II of Anjou|Louis II]] would size territory parts of the kingdom of [[Ladislaus of Naples]] but remain unable to conquer the kingdom. The conflict between the two lines continued until [[Joanna II of Naples]], the last member of the House of Anjou, would name [[Louis III of Anjou|Louis III of Valois-Anjou]] as her heir but because he died before her so his brother [[René of Anjou|René]] would succeed her in 1435. [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] would use this as a pretext for his [[Aragonese conquest of Naples|invasion of Naples]] in 1442 reuniting the kingdoms. Other Capetian pretenders would try to size the throne [[Skanderbeg's Italian expedition|in the 1460s]], [[Italian Wars]] and the [[Neapolitan Revolt of 1647]] from the Aragonese, Spanish and eventually [[Hapsburg]]s. A third Capetian branch, the [[House of Bourbon]] would gain control over [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies|both Sicilies]] during the [[War of the Polish Succession]] in the 1730s and remained in power with an interruptions during the [[Coalition Wars]] until the [[Unification of Italy]].

===Taranto===

{{empty section|date=July 2023}}

===Albania===
[[File:Stamp of Albania - 2005 - Colnect 374097 - Karl Topia 1331-1388 Feudal Prince of Albania and warlord.jpeg|thumb|right|Coat of arms of Karl Thopia as a stamp.]]
The '''Kingdom of Albania''', or ''[[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Regnum Albaniae]]'', was established by [[Charles I of Naples|Charles of Anjou]] in the [[Albania]]n territory he acquired from the [[Despotate of Epirus]] in the year 1271. He took the title of "King of Albania" in February 1272. The kingdom briefly extended from the region of [[Durrës|Dyrrhachium]] (present-day [[Durrës]] in Albania) south along the coast to [[Butrint]]. A major attempt to advance further in direction of Constantinople, failed at the [[Siege of Berat (1280–1281)]]. A Byzantine counteroffensive soon ensued, which drove the Angevins out of the interior by 1282. The [[Sicilian Vespers]] further weakened the position of Charles, and the kingdom was soon reduced by the albanians to a small area centered around Durrës. The Angevins held Durrës until 1368, when [[Karl Thopia]] who was the great great grandson of [[Charles I of Naples]] captured the city and rules as "[[Principality of Albania (medieval)|Prince of Albania]]".

==Genealogy of Capetian-Anjou==

{{tree chart/start}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | Lo8 |Lo8=[[File:France Ancient Arms.svg|20px]]<br>[[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]]<br>king of France<br>[[House of Capet|HOUSE OF CAPET]]}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | Lo9 | | Ch1 |Lo9=[[File:France Ancient Arms.svg|20px]]<br>[[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]]<br>king of France|ΡοΑ=[[Ροβέρτος Α΄ του Αρτουά|Ροβέρτος Α΄]]<br>κόμης του Αρτουά<br>[[Οίκος του Αρτουά|ΟΙΚΟΣ ΑΡΤΟΥΑ]]|Ch1=[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles I of Anjou|Charles I]]<br>king of Sicily(-Naples)<br>'''CAPETIAN HOUSE OF ANJOU'''}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ch2 | | Phi |Ch2=[[File:Armoiries Anjou Jérusalem.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]]<br>king of Naples|Phi=[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|20px]]<br>[[Philip of Sicily|Philip]]<br>king of Sardinia}}
{{tree chart | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart | ChM | | Lud | | | | | | Rob | | | | | | | | | | Ph1 | | Ray | | Pet | | | | | | Jon |ChM=[[File:Armoiries Charles Robert Hongrie.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles Martel of Anjou|Charles Martel]]<br>titular king of Hungary<br>BRANCH OF HUNGARY|Lud=[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|20px]]<br>[[Louis of Toulouse|Saint Louis]]<br>bishop of Toulouse|Rob=[[File:Armoiries Anjou Jérusalem.svg|20px]]<br>[[Robert, King of Naples|Robert]]<br>king of Naples<br>BRANCH OF NAPLES|Ray=[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|20px]]<br>[[Raymond Berengar of Andria|Raymond Berengar]]<br>count of Andria|Pet=[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|20px]]<br>[[Peter Tempesta|Peter]] ''Tempesta''<br>count of Emboli|Ph1=[[File:Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg|20px]]<br>[[Philip I, Prince of Taranto|Philip I]]<br>prince of Taranto<br>BRANCH OF TARANTO|Jon=[[File:Arms of Jean de Durazzo.svg|20px]]<br>[[John, Duke of Durazzo|John]]<br>duke of Durazzo<br>BRANCH OF DURRAZO}}
{{tree chart | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart | Ca1 | | | | | | Car | | Chr | | Crl | | Php | | Rbr | | Lod | | Ph2 | | ChD | | LoG | | Rbt |Ca1=[[File:Armoiries Charles Robert Hongrie.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I]]<br>king of Hungary|Car=(illeg.) [[Charles d'Artois|Charles]]<br>chamberlain|Chr=[[File:Armoiries Anjou Calabre.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles, Duke of Calabria|Charles]]<br>duke of Calabria<br>(ie heir of Naples)|Php=[[File:Armoiries Anjou Tarente.svg|20px]]<br>[[Philip, Despot of Romania|Philip]]<br>despot of Romania|Crl=[[File:Armoiries Anjou Tarente.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles of Taranto|Charles]]<br>heir of Taranto|Rbr=[[File:Blason Philippe II de Tarente.svg|20px]]<br>[[Robert, Prince of Taranto|Robert]]<br>prince of Taranto|Lod=[[File:Blason Philippe II de Tarente.svg|20px]]<br>[[Louis I of Naples|Louis]]<br>prince of Taranto|Ph2=[[File:Blason Philippe II de Tarente.svg|20px]]<br>[[Philip II, Prince of Taranto|Philip II]]<br>prince of Taranto|ChD=[[File:Arms of Jean de Durazzo.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles, Duke of Durazzo|Charles]]<br>duke of Durazzo|LoG=[[File:Arms of Jean de Durazzo.svg|20px]]<br>[[Louis, Count of Gravina|Louis]]<br>count of Gravina|Rbt=[[File:Arms of Jean de Durazzo.svg|20px]]<br>[[Robert of Durazzo|Robert]]<br>lord of Cappacio}}
{{tree chart | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart | Lu1 | | And | | Ste | | Jo1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ch3 |Lu1=[[File:Blason Louis Ier de Hongrie.svg|20px]]<br>[[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]]<br>king of Hungary,<br>Poland|And=[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|20px]]<br>[[Andrew, Duke of Calabria|Andrew]]<br>duke of Calabria|Ste=[[File:Coat of arms of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.PNG|20px]]<br>[[Stephen of Anjou|Stephen]]<br>duke of Slavonia|Jo1=[[File:Armoiries Anjou Jérusalem.svg|20px]]<br>[[Joanna I of Naples|Joanna I]]<br>queen of Naples|Ch3=[[File:Arms of Charles III of Naples and Hungary.svg|20px]]<br>[[Charles III of Naples|Charles III]]<br>king of Naples (1382-86),<br>Hungary (1385-1386)}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| }}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | Joh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jo2 | | Lad |Joh=[[File:Coat of arms of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.PNG|20px]]<br>[[john of Anjou|John]]<br>duke of Slavonia|Jo2=[[File:Arms of Charles III of Naples and Hungary.svg|20px]]<br>[[Joanna II of Naples|Joanna II]]<br>queen of Naples (1414-35),<br>tit. of Hungary|Lad=[[File:Arms of Charles III of Naples and Hungary.svg|20px]]<br>[[Ladislaus of Naples|Ladislaus]]<br>king of Naples (1386-1414),<br>tit. of Hungary}}
{{tree chart/end}}

==Titles==

===Designation and details===

{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=20%  | Title
! width=20% | Held
! width=40%  | Designation and details
|-
|align="center"|[[Count of Anjou]]||align="center"|1246&ndash;1299||<small>Awarded to Charles I by his brother. Remained under direct control of the Capetian House of Anjou until passing to another Capetian branch the [[House of Valois]] by marriage.</small>
|-
|align="center"|[[Counts and Dukes of Maine|Count of Maine]]||align="center"|1246&ndash;1309||<small>Awarded to Charles I by his brother. Remained under direct control of the Capetian House of Anjou until passing to another Capetian branch the [[House of Valois-Anjou]] by creation of [[John II of France]].</small>
|-
|align="center"|[[Count of Provence]]||align="center"|1246&ndash;1382||<small>Inherited by marriage between Charles I and [[Beatrice of Provence]] who held the county. Issueless [[Joanna I of Naples]] left the county to [[Louis I of Anjou]] of the House of Valois-Anjou.</small>
|-
|align="center"|[[King of Sicily]]||align="center"|1266&ndash;1282||<small>Won the kingdom through conquest.</small>
|-
|}

===List of monarchs===

====Kingdom of Sicily====

{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name
! width=7%  | From
! width=7%  | Until
! width=20%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Palazzo Reale di Napoli - Carlo I d'Angiò.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Charles I of Sicily]]||align="center"|6 January 1266||align="center"|4 September 1282||no direct relation to [[Manfred of Sicily]], won the kingdom through [[right of conquest]].
|-
|}

====Kingdom of Naples====

{| width=100% class="wikitable"
! width=10%  | Portrait
! width=15% | Name
! width=10% | Branch
! width=15%  | From
! width=15%  | Until
! width=35%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Palazzo Reale di Napoli - Carlo I d'Angiò.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Charles I of Naples]]||align="center"|Anjou-Sicily||align="center"|4 September 1282||align="center"|7 January 1285||the southern half of the Italian Peninsula was part of the Kingdom of Sicily before the [[Sicilian Vespers]] forced Charles out of the island.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles II of Naples.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Charles II of Naples]]<br>''(Charles the Lame)''||align="center"|Anjou-Sicily||align="center"|7 January 1285||align="center"|5 May 1309||son of Charles I of Naples.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Robert of Naples (head).jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Robert of Naples]]<br>''(Robert the Wise)''||align="center"|Anjou-Naples||align="center"|5 May 1309||align="center"|20 January 1343||son of Charles II of Naples.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Joan I of Naples (head).jpg|81px]]||align="center"|[[Joanna I of Naples]]||align="center"|Anjou-Naples||align="center"|20 January 1343||align="center"|12 May 1382||granddaughter of Robert of Naples. Daughter of [[Charles, Duke of Calabria]]
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles III of Naples (head).jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Charles III of Naples]]<br>''(Charles the Short)''||align="center"|Anjou-Durazzo||align="center"|12 May 1382||align="center"|24 February 1386||second	cousin of Joanna I of Naples, whom he had murdered. Son of [[Louis of Durazzo]].
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Ladislas of Naples (head).jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Ladislaus of Naples]]||align="center"|Anjou-Durazzo||align="center"|24 February 1386||align="center"|6 August 1414||son of Charles III of Naples.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Joan II of Naples.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Joanna II of Naples]]||align="center"|Anjou-Durazzo||align="center"|6 August 1414||align="center"|2 February 1435||sister of Ladislaus of Naples, daughter of Charles III of Naples.
|-
|}

====Kingdom of Hungary====

{| width=100% class="wikitable"
! width=10%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name
! width=10% | Branch
! width=15%  | From
! width=15%  | Until
! width=35%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles I (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg|90px]]||align="center"|[[Charles I of Hungary|Charles Robert I of Hungary]]||align="center"|Anjou-Hungary||align="center"|Spring 1301||align="center"|16 July 1342||great-grandnephew (first-cousin thrice removed) of [[Andrew III of Hungary]], the last [[Árpád dynasty|Árpád agnate]].
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Louis I (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg|90px]]||align="center"|[[Louis I of Hungary]]<br>''(Louis the Great)''||align="center"|Anjou-Hungary||align="center"|16 July 1342||align="center"|10 September 1382||son of Charles I of Hungary.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Mary (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg|90px]]||align="center"|[[Mary of Hungary]]||align="center"|Anjou-Hungary||align="center"|10 September 1382||align="center"|December 1385||daughter of Louis I of Hungary.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles II (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg|90px]]||align="center"|[[Charles III of Naples|Charles II of Hungary]]<br>''(Charles the Short of Naples)''||align="center"|Anjou-Durazzo||align="center"|December 1385||align="center"|24 February 1386||second-cousin once removed of Mary of Hungary; great-grandson of [[Charles II of Naples]].<br /> Usurped the throne from her.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Mary (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg|90px]]||align="center"|[[Mary of Hungary]]<br />''(restored)''||align="center"|Anjou-Hungary||align="center"|24 February 1386||align="center"|17 May 1395||second-cousin once removed of Charles II of Hungary;<br />great-great-granddaughter of Charles II of Naples.
|-
|}

====Kingdom of Poland====

{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=10%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name
! width=10% | Branch
! width=15%  | From
! width=15%  | Until
! width=25%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Ludwik Wegierski (76843897) (cropped).jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Louis I of Poland|Louis of Poland]]<br>''(Louis the Great of Hungary)''||align="center"|Anjou-Hungary||align="center"|17 November 1370||align="center"|10 September 1382||nephew of [[Casimir III of Poland]], the last [[Piast dynasty|Piast agnate]].
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Jadwiga Jan Matejko (Poczet).jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Jadwiga of Poland]]||align="center"|Anjou-Hungary||align="center"|16 October 1384||align="center"|17 July 1399||daughter of Louis of Poland.
|-
|}

== Armorial ==

{{see also|:it:Stemma degli Angiò}}

As a younger (youngest) son of [[Louis VIII]] the Lion of France, Charles was assigned the arms based on the [[coat of arms of France]] of the [[Capetian dynasty]] differenced, like his brothers, with the gold castle of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] on red/[[gules]] based on his mother, [[Blanche of Castile]]'s [[coat of arms of Castile|arms]]. Charles was invested in August 1246 by his brother [[Louis IX of France]] as [[Count of Anjou]] and [[County of Maine|Maine]].  Also, in 1246 Charles married an heiress of the [[County of Provence]], [[Beatrice of Provence]]. She was a member of the [[House of Barcelona]]; this meant Charles became [[Count of Provence]] in right of his wife.

[[File:Segell-carles-I-anjou-comte-provença.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Seal of Charles from [[1248]] as Count of Provence. The seal shows Charles mounted and armed, the horse wearing his original arms with the castle of Castile and Charles himself carrying the shield of the same.  The reverse shows the [[Provence#Fraxinet, the Counts of Provence (9th–13th centuries)|arms of Provence]] from his wife, thecoat of arms of the House of [[Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon|Barcelona & Aragon]].]]

<section begin=AnjouSicilyHungary /> 

<gallery>
Arms of Robert dArtois.svg|Arms of Robert d'Artois
File:Arms of Alphonse de Poitiers.svg|Arms of Alphonse de Poitiers
Arms of Charles dAnjou.svg|1st arms of Charles of France before Anjou, the castles representing his mother, [[Blanche of Castile]]
</gallery>

<br/>

The arms that Charles had were changed sometime on or after 1246 to the ones below, the arms of his paternal [[coat of arms of France|France]], the [[fleur-de-lys]] with a simple red label.  The label is most commonly depicted with 3 tabs, but can be seen with 4 or 5 tabs.  He was not the first to use these arms.  His uncle [[Philip I, Count of Boulogne|Philippe le Hurepel]], [[Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis|count of Clermont]] used them until his death in 1234.  Charles was invested by the Pope as [[King of Sicily]] in June 1265, and crowned by 5 cardinals on 5 January 1266 in opposition to the [[Hohenstaufen]] king, [[Manfred of Sicily]].  The newer arms can be seen in the contemporary illustration of Charles battling Manfred for control of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] at the [[Battle of Benevento]] on 26 February 1266, where he carries his newer arms on his shield, the shields of his soldiers, and his pennant.  Manfred's troops carry the while eagle alluding to the imperial Hohenstaufens.

[[File:Villani Benevento.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Clash between the troops of Charles of Anjou and those of Manfred of Sicily in the battle of Benevento . Miniature from the [[:it:Nova Cronica|Nova Cronica]].]]

<br/>

<gallery>
File:Arms of Jean dAnjou.svg|2nd Arms of Charles of France as Count of Anjou and Maine
File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou after 1246 (lambel of four points).svg|same with 4 points
File:Arms of Philippe Hurepel.svg|Same with 5 points
</gallery>

<br/>
<br/>

[[File:Brindisi e-o barletta, carlo d'angiò, oro, 1266-1278, 04.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A gold [[:it:Pug(coin)|Carolino]] struck by Charles during his reign showing his arms with a 5 pointed label.]]

When Charles became King, he started minting coinage with his arms on it.  An example is shown below.  Charles also felt that he inherited the Hohenstaufen claim to the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]], symbolized by Charles impaling the [[Jerusalem Cross|arms of Jerusalem]] with his own.  This was shown in several different versions:

[[File:Napoli, carlo d'angiò, oro, 1278-1285, 01.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Carolino struck by Charles 1278-1285 showing the arms of Jerusalem impaled with the arms of France.]]


<gallery>
File:Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.svg|Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.  They were the only arms allowed to put a metal ([[Or (heraldry)|or]]) on another ([[argent]]).
File:Coat of Arms of Joan I of Naples.svg|Charles I and Joan I of Naples
File:Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou (per pale Jerusalem and France Ancient).svg|Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou (per pale Jerusalem and France Ancient)
File:Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg|Charles II of Anjou and Sicily (Naples)
File:Coat of Arms of Robert the Wise (Jerusalem dimidiating Anjou Ancient).svg|Coat of Arms of Robert the Wise (Jerusalem dimidiating Anjou Ancient)
</gallery>

<br/>


<gallery>
File:Coat of Arms of Charles Martel of Anjou-Hungary (San Gimignano).svg|Coat of Arms of Charles Martel of Anjou-Hungary (according to a fresco in the town hall of San Gimignano, Tuscany)
File:Coat of Arms of Charles Martel of Anjou-Hungary (Naples Cathedral).svg|Coat of Arms of Charles Martel of Anjou-Hungary (according to the sculpture placed on his tomb in the Cathedral of Naples)
</gallery>


Charles' son and successor [[Charles II of Naples]] married the hieress of Hungary. Their son Charles Martel quartered [[France ancien]] with the [[Coat of arms of Hungary|arms]] of the Hungarian Royal [[Árpád dynasty]] to symbolize their claim.  Charles Martel's son Charles Robert became Hungarian King and impaled the Angevian arms with Hungary.  His son, Louis I the Great carried this through to his arms when he ruled Poland.

[[File:House of Anjou-Hungary (Chronicle of the Council of Constance).jpg|thumb|right|200px|House of Anjou-Hungary (Chronicle of the Council of Constance)]]


<gallery>
File:Arms of Hungary (ancient).svg|Arms of Hungary (ancient)
File:Coat of Arms of Mary of Hungary (Árpád dynasty).svg|Coat of Arms of Mary of Hungary (Árpád dynasty)
</gallery>


[[File:Louisdehongrie.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Louis I of Hungary and Poland's arms from the [[Gelre Armorial]].]]

<br/>

<gallery>
File:Arms of Charles-Martel of Hungary.svg|Charles Martel of Hungary
File:Arms of Charles Robert of Hungary.svg|King Charles Robert of Hungary
Coat of Arms of Louis I of Hungary.svg|Coat of Arms of Louis I of Hungary
File:Coa Hungary Country History Lajos I (1357).svg| Patriarcal cross for Hungary formalized by Louis I seen in the modern [[Coat of arms of Hungary]] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:I._Nagy_Lajos_kir%C3%A1ly_(1342-1382)_m%C3%A1sodik_kett%C5%91s_fels%C3%A9gpecs%C3%A9tj%C3%A9nek_h%C3%A1tlapja_(1366-1382).jpg here].
File:Coa Hungary Country History Lajos I (1364).svg|Another version of the Patriarcal cross as seen  [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludvik1_rub.jpg here] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OA_Anjou_Louis_I.jpg  here].
File:Coat of Arms of Louis the Great.svg|King Louis the Great of Hungary and Poland
</gallery>

<br/>
<br/>

<section end=AnjouSicilyHungary /> 

As seen above, when Louis I of Hungary died without male hiers, [[Charles III of Naples]], considered himself the heir to the Hungarian throne as the senior Angevin male and male descendant of the Arpads.  He added the arms of Hungary to Jerusalem and Anjou, coming up with the tripartite arms.  He had some success, but as seen above he was assassinated and his son, [[Ladislaus of Naples]] never became King of Hungary.

<br/>

<gallery>
File:Coat of Arms of Charles III of Naples (Codex of Saint Martha).svg|Charles III ad Count of Durazzo
File:Coat of Arms of Charles III of Naples (The Conquest of Naples by Charles of Durazzo).svg|Charles III as Count of Durazzo, alt.
File:Arms of Charles III of Naples and Hungary.svg|Coat of Arms of Charles III, Ladislaus, and Johanna II of Naples.
File:Coat of Arms of Ladislaus of Naples.svg|Version without the red label.
File:Coat of Arms of Charles III of Naples (according to Luigi Borgia).svg|Alt. arms of Charles III.
</gallery>

<br/>
<br/>

These arms were inherited by the [[House of Valois-Anjou]] when Johanna I adopted [[Louis I of Anjou| Louis of France, Duke of Anjou]], • Great-great-grandson of Charles II through female line, as her heir.

The house also had some cadet lines that never became king:

<br/>

<gallery>
File:Arms of Philippe de Tarente.svg|Arms of Philippe de Tarente and his heirs the princes of Taranto.
File:Coa Croatia Country History (without crown) (1868-1918).svg|Arms of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia used by Stephen and John of Anjou as Duke of Slavonia.
File:Arms of Robert de Tarente.svg|Coat of arms of Robert of Tarente, titular emperor of Constantinople, and his heirs.
File:Arms of Jean de Durazzo.svg| Coat of arms of Jean d'Anjou, duke of Durazzo and the cadet line of Durazzo that succeeded as kings of Naples.
</gallery>

<br/>
<br/>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==

* {{New Cambridge Medieval History |volume=5 }}
* {{The Late Medieval Balkans}}
* {{Setton-A History of the Crusades | volume = 3 | chapter = Byzantium and the Crusades, 1261–1354 | pages = 27–68 | last = Geanakoplos | first = Deno John | chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=turn&entity=History.CrusThree.p0051&id=History.CrusThree }}

== External links ==
*{{Commons inline}}

{{Royal houses of Italy}}
{{Royal houses of Albania}}
{{Royal houses of Hungary}}
{{Royal houses of Croatia}}
{{Monarchs of Poland}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Capetian House Of Anjou}}
[[Category:Capetian House of Anjou| ]]
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[[Category:Hungarian royal houses]]
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[[Category:Albanian noble families]]
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