View source for Canadian twenty-dollar note

{{Short description|Current denomination of Canadian currency}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Primary sources|date=September 2011}}
{{Infobox banknote
| country             = Canada
| denomination        = Twenty dollars
| value               = 20
| unit                = [[Canadian dollar]]s
| width_mm            = 152.4
| height_mm           = 69.85
| security_features   = Holographic stripe, [[watermark]], [[EURion constellation]], tactile marks, registration device, raised printing, [[Ultraviolet|UV]] printing
| paper_type = Polymer
| years_of_printing =
| obverse = 
| obverse_design = [[Elizabeth II]] (1935–1937; 1954–present)<br />[[George VI]] (1937–1954) 
| obverse_designer =
| obverse_design_date =
| reverse = Canadian $20 note specimen - back.png 
| reverse_design = [[Canadian National Vimy Memorial]]
| reverse_designer    =
| reverse_design_date =
|weight_g=0.934}}
The '''Canadian twenty-dollar note''' is one of the most common [[banknotes of the Canadian dollar]]; it is the primary banknote dispensed from Canadian [[automated teller machine]]s (ATMs). The newest version, the [[Frontier Series]] polymer note, was released to the general public on November 7, 2012, replacing the banknote from the [[Canadian Journey Series (banknotes)|Canadian Journey Series]].

==Frontier series==
The Frontier series $20 banknote was first issued on November 7, 2012. It is a [[Polymer banknote|polymer-based note]] featuring [[Queen Elizabeth II]] on the face and the [[Vimy Ridge memorial]] on the back. The window displays the [[Peace Tower]].

On January 18, 2013, a Canadian botanist complained that a foreign maple leaf was used as the emblem on the polymer notes instead of the sugar maple that the country has on [[Flag of Canada|its national flag]], along with the [[Canadian fifty-dollar note|$50]] and [[Canadian hundred-dollar note|$100]] notes.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/canada/9812709/Outcry-as-Canada-puts-foreign-maple-leaf-on-new-banknotes.html Outcry as Canada puts foreign maple leaf on new banknotes] ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' (www.telegraph.co.uk). January 18, 2013. Retrieved on 2013-01-19.</ref>

After the [[death of Elizabeth II]], the banknotes with her image continue to be legal tender. Despite initial speculation that Elizabeth's successor, [[Charles III]], might not appear in future designs,<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 8, 2022 |title=What happens to Canada’s currency, stamps, place names after the Queen’s death? |work=National Newswatch |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=https://www.nationalnewswatch.com/2022/09/08/what-happens-to-canadas-currency-stamps-place-names-after-the-queens-death-2/#.Yxo94aJCpJZ.twitter |access-date=September 8, 2022}}</ref> it was confirmed on the day of [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla|Charles' coronation]], May 6, 2023, that the King would replace his mother on future $20 banknotes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 6, 2023 |title= King Charles will replace Queen Elizabeth on Canadian $20 bill and coins |work=National Post |agency=[[National Post]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/canada-announces-plans-to-place-king-charles-on-20-bill-coins |access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref>

==History==
{{main|Banknotes of the Canadian dollar}}
The Canadian $20 bill is one of the denominations of Canadian currency. The first $20 bill was issued in 1935, and features a portrait of Princess Elizabeth on the front and an agricultural allegory on the back, featuring a kneeling male exhibiting the produce of the field to a female agricultural figure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=John |date=2022-12-05 |title=8 Things To Know About The Canadian $20 Bill |url=https://cleverbanker.ca/canadian-20-dollar-bill/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Clever Banker |language=en-CA}}</ref>

All Canadian banknotes underwent a major redesign in 1991, partially to incorporate some of the latest anti-forgery methods.  Notes continue to be improved, with another design revealed on August 25, 2004, and placed into circulation on September 29, 2004.  Notes were printed on paper composed of pure cotton at two [[Ottawa]] companies contracted for the purpose: the [[Canadian Bank Note Company]] and BA International Inc., a part of the [[Giesecke & Devrient|Giesecke & Devrient GmbH]] group of companies.

Each note in the 1991 series is sprinkled with special green ink dots, called planchettes, that glow when exposed to [[ultraviolet]] light.  The ink can be scraped off, so worn notes tend to have fewer, if any, glowing dots.  These were replaced with more permanent ultraviolet-detected threads in the 2004-series notes, as well as an ink imprint of the coat of arms.

===Canadian Journey Series===
{{main|Canadian Journey Series (banknotes)}}
Introduced in 2004 and circulated until its replacement in 2012, the Canadian Journey Series 20-[[Canadian dollar|dollar]] note is predominantly green. The face features a portrait of [[Elizabeth II]], [[Queen of Canada]], the [[royal arms of Canada]], and a picture of the [[Centre Block]] of the [[Parliament Hill|Parliament buildings]]. Security features visible from the face include a [[holographic]] stripe along the left side, depicting the number ''20'' alternated with [[maple]] leaves; a [[watermark]] of the Queen's portrait; and a broken-up number 20, which resolves itself when backlit. The back depicts artworks by [[Bill Reid]], notably his sculptures ''[[The Raven and the First Men]]'' and ''[[Spirit of Haida Gwaii]]''; it also has a quotation from [[Gabrielle Roy]]. The back also has a visible security feature: an interleaved metallic strip, reading ''20 CAN'' repeatedly along its length. Yellow dots representing the [[EURion constellation]] can be found on both sides (and on all 2001 series notes). As well as textured printing, the 2004 design incorporates a special [[Canadian currency tactile feature|tactile feature]] similar to [[Braille]] dots for the [[blindness|blind]] indicating the denomination. The 2004 $20 note was awarded Bank Note of the Year by the [[International Bank Note Society]] in 2005.

As with all modern Canadian banknotes, all text is in both English and French.

==Twenty-dollar view==
The view of [[Moraine Lake]] in [[Banff National Park]] from the top of the moraine rockpile is one of the most photographed locations in all of Canada.<ref>Ellis, Cathy – [http://www.albertalocalnews.com/rockymountainoutlook/community/27633059.html Moraine Lake's Rockpile Trail to receive upgrades.]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Rocky Mountain Outlook, August 28, 2008</ref> That view of the mountains behind the lake in [[Valley of the Ten Peaks]] is known as the '''Twenty-Dollar View''', as Moraine Lake is featured on the backs of the 1969 and 1979 issues of the Canadian $20 note.<ref>[http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/general/character/1969-79_20.htm Bank of Canada] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041025091609/http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/general/character/1969-79_20.htm |date=October 25, 2004 }} – 1969–1979 Canadian $20 Bank note featuring Moraine Lake</ref><ref>Weddell, Peggy – [http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/1997/01/banff-a-rocky-mountain-treasure/ Banff: A Rocky Mountain Treasure.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807094319/http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/1997/01/banff-a-rocky-mountain-treasure/ |date=August 7, 2011 }} Legion Magazine, January 1, 1997</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
! Series !!Main colour !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Series Year !! Issued !! Withdrawn
|-
|[[1935 Canadian banknote series|1935 series]]
|<!-- {{color box|#}}--> Rose pink
|[[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]
|Agriculture allegory
|1935
|11 March 1935
|
|-
|[[1937 Canadian banknote series|1937 series]]
|<!-- {{color box|#}}--> Olive green
|[[George VI]]
|Fertility allegory
|1937
|19 July 1937
|
|-
|[[Canadian Landscape]]
|<!-- {{color box|#}}--> Olive green
|[[Elizabeth II]]
|Winter landscape, [[Laurentian Mountains]], Quebec
|1954
|9 September 1954
|
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Scenes of Canada]]
|rowspan=2|<!-- {{color box|#}}--> Green
|rowspan=2|Elizabeth II
|rowspan=2|[[Moraine Lake]] and the [[Canadian Rockies]], Alberta
|1969
|22 June 1970
|18 December 1978
|-
|1979
|18 December 1978
|29 June 1993
|-
|[[Birds of Canada (banknotes)|Birds of Canada]]
|{{color box|#cceecc}} Green
|Elizabeth II
|[[Common loon]]
|1991
|29 June 1993
|29 September 2004
|-
|[[Canadian Journey]]
|{{color box|#a6d7aa}} Green
|Elizabeth II
|Artwork of [[Bill Reid]], and an excerpt from [[Gabrielle Roy]]'s novel ''The Hidden Mountain''
|2004
|29 September 2004
|7 November 2012
|-
|[[Frontier (banknotes)|Frontier]]
|{{color box|#a6d7aa}} Green
|Elizabeth II
|[[Canadian National Vimy Memorial]] and [[Remembrance poppy|poppies]]
|2012
|7 November 2012
|
|}

==References==
{{Portal|Canada|Money|Numismatics}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/ Bank of Canada's banknote site]
*[http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/polymer/ Bank Note Series: Polymer]
*[http://www.ibns.it/money/NoteOfYear/bnoy-2005.htm International Bank Note Society 2005 Bank Note of the Year]

{{Canadian currency and coinage}}

[[Category:Banknotes of Canada by denomination|20]]
[[Category:Twenty-base-unit banknotes]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Elizabeth II]]