View source for Canadian Light Rail Vehicle

{{short description|Type of Canadian streetcar}}
{{redirect|CLRV|other uses|CLRV (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox train
| name = CLRV
| image = [[File:CLRV 4059 Glamour Shot.jpg|frameless|upright=1.14]]
| caption = A [[506 Carlton]] CLRV car crosses the Main Street Bridge in 2008.
| interiorimage = Inteirorstreetcar.JPG
| interiorcaption = Interior of the CLRV
| service = 1979–2019
| manufacturer = {{plainlist|
* L-1: [[Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft|SIG]]
* L-2: [[Urban Transportation Development Corporation|UTDC]]
}}
| fleetnumbers = {{plainlist|
* L-1: 4000–4005
* L-2: 4010–4199
}}
| operator = [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (former, all retired with a few cars to be restored for special occasions), [[Halton County Radial Railway]] (3 cars as work museum artifacts)
| lines = [[Toronto streetcar system#Routes|Toronto streetcar system]]
| yearservice= September 30, 1979
| yearconstruction = 1977–1981<ref name="service summary">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service%20Summary_2019-11-24.pdf |title=Service Summary – November 24, 2019 to January 4, 2020 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=November 23, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019}}</ref>
| numberbuilt = 196
| successor = [[Flexity Outlook (Toronto)|Flexity Outlook]]
| numberservice = 0<ref name="service summary" />
| numberscrapped = ~190
| numberpreserved = 11 in Canada, 4 in United States
| carlength = {{convert|15.226|m|ftin|0|frac=16|abbr=on}}<ref name="TT-CLRV" />
| width = {{plainlist|
* {{convert|2.540|m|ftin|0|frac=16|abbr=on}}
* ({{convert|2.591|m|ftin|0|frac=16|abbr=on|disp=or}} over rub rails)<ref name="TT-CLRV" />
}}
| height = {{convert|3.625|m|ftin|0|frac=16|abbr=on}}<ref name="TT-CLRV" />
| floorheight = {{convert|1.125|m|ftin|0|frac=16|abbr=on}}<ref name="TT-CLRV" />
| platformheight = curb height or level with rail head
| entrylevelorstep = 4 steps (3 risers inside plus step up from outside)
| art-sections = 
| doors = 2 (1 dual bi-fold front door; 2 paired double leaf rear doorways)
| maxspeed = {{convert|80|km/h|mph|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}<ref name="ttc streetcar data sheets">[https://www.ttc.ca/Coupler/Editorial/Special_Features/014_new_streetcar.jsp TTC – The Coupler – Wheels of Progress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132547/https://www.ttc.ca/Coupler/Editorial/Special_Features/014_new_streetcar.jsp |date=January 28, 2018 }}. Toronto Transit Commission. Retrieved on March 16, 2015.</ref>
| weight = {{convert|22685|kg|lboz|abbr=on}}
| capacity = 42–46 seated,{{efn|during rebuilds 4 seats removed}} 74 at peak with standees<ref name="service summary" />
| acceleration = {{convert|1.47|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|1.47|m/s2|km/hs mph/s|disp=output only|abbr=on}}
| deceleration = {{plainlist|
* {{convert|1.6|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|1.6|m/s2|km/hs mph/s|disp=output only|abbr=on}}
* Emergency: {{convert|3.46|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|3.46|m/s2|km/hs mph/s|disp=output only|abbr=on}}
}}
| poweroutput = 2 x {{convert|136|kW|abbr=on|lk=on}} continuous
| gauge = {{Track gauge|4ft10.875in|lk=on}} – [[Toronto streetcar system#Track gauge|TTC gauge]]
| electricsystem = 600 V DC [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Trolley pole]]
| brakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]] ([[Westinghouse Air Brake Company]])
| minimum curve = {{convert|36|ft|m|3|abbr=on|}}
}}

{{Infobox train
| name = ALRV
| image = TTC Bombardier ALRV 4239.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = A [[501 Queen|Queen car]] pauses at [[Spadina Avenue]]
| interiorimage = ALRV Interior, Long Branch 1932 (4706659547).jpg
| interiorcaption = Interior of the ALRV
| service = 1988–2019
| manufacturer = {{plainlist|
* [[Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg|MAN]] and [[Urban Transportation Development Corporation|UTDC]]
* [[Urban Transportation Development Corporation]]
}}
| fleetnumbers = {{plainlist|
* 4900 (prototype)
* 4200–4251 (standard)<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-09-01"/>
}}
| operator = [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (former, all retired; 1 car awaiting restoration), HCRR (1 car awaiting restoration)
| lines = [[Toronto streetcar system#Routes|Toronto streetcar system]]
| yearservice = January 19, 1988
| yearconstruction = {{plainlist|
* 1982 (prototype)
* 1987–1989<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-09-01"/>
}}
| numberbuilt = 52 and 1 prototype
| successor = [[Flexity Outlook (Toronto)|Flexity Outlook]]
| numberservice = 0
| numberscrapped = 50 and 1 prototype
| numberpreserved = 2
| carlength = {{convert|23.164|m|ftin|0|frac=16|abbr=on}}<ref name="TT-ALRV" />
| width = {{plainlist|
* {{convert|2.540|m|ftin|0|frac=8|abbr=on}}
* ({{convert|2.591|m|ftin|0|frac=8|abbr=on|disp=or}} over rub rails)<ref name="TT-ALRV" />
}}
| height = {{convert|3.626|m|ftin|0|frac=8|abbr=on}} to roof; roof equipment additional<ref name="TT-ALRV" />
| floorheight = {{convert|1.125|m|ftin|0|frac=8|abbr=on}}<ref name="TT-CLRV" />
| platformheight = curb height or level with rail head
| entrylevelorstep = 4 steps (3 risers inside plus step up from outside)
| art-sections = 1 section with 2 articulations
| doors = 3
| maxspeed = {{convert|80|km/h|mph|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}<ref name="ttc streetcar data sheets" />
| weight = {{convert|36745|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| capacity = 61 seated, 108 at peak with standees<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-09-01"/>
| acceleration = {{convert|1.2|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|1.2|m/s2|km/hs mph/s|disp=output only|abbr=on}}
| deceleration = {{convert|1.6|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|1.6|m/s2|km/hs mph/s|disp=output only|abbr=on}}<br />Emergency: {{convert|3.13|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|3.13|m/s2|km/hs mph/s|disp=output only|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = 4 × {{convert|65|kW|abbr=on}} continuous
| gauge = {{Track gauge|4ft10.875in|lk=on}} – [[TTC gauge]]
| electricsystem = 600 V DC [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Trolley pole]]
| brakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]] ([[Westinghouse Air Brake Company]])
| minimum curve = {{convert|36|ft|m|3|abbr=on}}
}}

The '''Canadian Light Rail Vehicle''' ('''CLRV''') and '''Articulated Light Rail Vehicle''' ('''ALRV''') were types of [[tram|streetcar]]s used by the [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (TTC) from the late 1970s until they were scrapped in the late 2010s. They were built following the TTC's decision to retain streetcar services in the 1970s, replacing the existing [[PCC streetcar]] fleet. 

Two variants were produced: the standard single-module CLRV (built between 1977 and 1981) and the longer [[Articulated tram|articulated]] double-module ALRV (built between 1987 and 1989). The ALRVs were officially retired from regular TTC service on September 2, 2019, with the CLRVs officially retired on December 29, 2019.<ref name="TTC-2019-05-08">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/May_8/Reports/1_CEO_Report_May_Update.pdf |title=Chief Executive Officer's Report – May 2019 Update |date=May 8, 2019|publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]]|pages=43|access-date=May 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503212323/http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/May_8/Reports/1_CEO_Report_May_Update.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="alrv-retirement">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/08/28/monday-is-your-last-chance-to-ride-the-ttcs-old-articulated-streetcars.html |title=Monday is your last chance to ride the TTC's old, articulated streetcars |last=Bañares |first=Ilya |date=August 28, 2019 |website=[[Toronto Star]] |access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="byeCLRV">{{cite web |title=TTC's legacy CLRV streetcars reach the end of the line on Dec 29 |url=https://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/November/21_11_19nr_CLRV_contest.jsp |date=November 21, 2019 |publisher=TTC |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122222413/https://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/November/21_11_19nr_CLRV_contest.jsp |archive-date=November 22, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Both were replaced by the [[Flexity Outlook (Toronto)|Flexity Outlook]], a low-floor streetcar first introduced in 2014.

== History ==
=== CLRV ===
Starting at the end of the 1970s and into the 1980s, the TTC's fleet of [[Presidents' Conference Committee (Toronto streetcar)|PCC streetcar]]s approached (or exceeded in some cases) the end of their useful lives. Many Toronto citizens, and especially a group known as "Streetcars for Toronto" led by transit advocate [[Steve Munro]], had fought successfully against the TTC's plan to convert the remaining streetcar lines to buses, which necessitated a new streetcar model to replace the aging PCCs. The "Canadian Light Rail Vehicle" was an attempt at a new, standardized streetcar design to be used in Toronto and in other new streetcar developments throughout the country.

[[Hawker Siddeley Canada]] proposed their version of a streetcar in 1972 known as the Municipal Service Car, which had a [[Railbus|bus-like chassis]] and a [[Low-floor tram|semi-low floor]] design with front and rear doors similar to that of the CLRV fleet. The project was abandoned the following year when the TTC selected the CLRV design. No Municipal Service Car prototypes were ever produced and only concept drawings remain of this vehicle.

[[File:CLRV Streetcar at SIG Neuhausen Factory (SIK 03-078806).jpg|thumb|left|A completed CLRV rolls off the production lines at [[Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft|SIG]] in [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall|Neuhausen]].]]
The first six CLRV cars (4000–4005) were manufactured by [[Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft|SIG]] of [[Zürich]], Switzerland, and used as [[prototype]]s for [[Urban Transportation Development Corporation]] (UTDC) (now [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]) to manufacture subsequent CLRVs at the [[Thunder Bay]] works of [[Hawker Siddeley Canada]] (today also part of Bombardier). The original order was for 200 CLRVs, of which ten were to be built by SIG and 190 by Hawker Siddeley. However, the order was reduced by four vehicles to 196 in order to provide parts to construct a prototype Articulated Light Rail Vehicle (number 4900). The four CLRVs removed were from the SIG portion of the order; thus, there were no CLRVs numbered 4006–4009. The 190 Hawker Siddeley CLRVs were numbered 4010–4199.<ref name="RwyAge-2018-01-05" /><ref name="TT-CLRV" /> CLRV car 4000 had a [[Pantograph (transport)|pantograph]] when being tested by SIG on the [[Orbe-Chavornay railway]] and was converted to [[trolley pole]] before being delivered to Toronto.<ref name="TT-CLRV" />

On December 29, 1977, the first CLRV, SIG-built 4002, arrived at the [[Hillcrest Complex]] aboard a railway flatcar. On September 30, 1979, after a year of testing and modification, CLRVs started service on route [[507 Long Branch]] (today the western portion of route [[501 Queen]]).<ref name="RwyAge-2018-01-05" />

Twenty-two CLRVs were to run on an open-track [[Line 3 Scarborough|Scarborough LRT line]] (to be later built as an [[Intermediate Capacity Transit System|ICTS]] line). Thus, for suburban operation, the UTDC originally specified an outside-frame bogie that later proved problematic in street operation,<ref name="RwyAge-2018-01-05" /> and designed the vehicles for speeds up to {{convert|70|mph|order=flip}}. The bogies would derail at switches in street trackage and have noise and vibration problems.<ref name="SteveMunro-2007-10-21" /> Replacing the original Bochum wheels with SAB wheels (similar to PCC wheels) corrected these problems. The Bochum wheels had a rubber layer between the hub and the steel tire (rim), which would flex rather than pulling the opposite wheel through a [[Railroad switch#Single-point switch|single-point switch]].<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-12-29" />

The CLRV electronics include 1970s-era solid state power controls. In later years, the propulsion control system became unreliable and difficult to maintain as obsolete electronic and electrical parts became difficult to source.<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-12-29" />

The CLRVs originally had sealed windows and no air conditioning. Later, the windows were modified to allow passengers to open them.<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-12-29" />

The CLRVs were delivered with couplers for multiple-unit operation. Between 1984 and 1988, the couplers were removed, and a safety shield was placed over the front coupler pocket.<ref name="TT-CLRV" />

===<span id="ALRV"></span>ALRV===
As with the CLRV prototypes, the ALRV prototype, numbered 4900, was tested with a pantograph on standard gauge tracks before delivery to the TTC. Built in 1982, prototype 4900 had features that were not implemented on either CLRVs or production ALRVs such as hand controls instead of foot controls, and electronic destination signs instead of linen rollsigns.<ref name="TT-ALRV" /> The prototype had couplers while subsequent production units did not.<ref name="SteveMunro-2010-06-16">{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2010/06/16/multiple-unit-clrv-and-alrv-operation/ |title=Multiple Unit CLRV and ALRV Operation |publisher=[[Steve Munro]] |first=Steve |last=Munro |date=June 16, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115124737/https://stevemunro.ca/2010/06/16/multiple-unit-clrv-and-alrv-operation/ |archive-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Prototype 4900 ran trials in Toronto from August 10, 1982, until February 25, 1983, with a break when it was displayed at the 1982 [[Canadian National Exhibition]]. After completion of the trial runs, car 4900 was stored at the [[St. Clair Carhouse]] until March 7, 1987, when it was shipped to the UTDC testing facility in [[Kingston, Ontario]]. On March 24, 1988, following a test run, it was rear-ended by another streetcar on the test track and suffered extensive damage. It was scrapped in 1997.<ref name="TT-ALRV" />

The 52 production ALRV cars were built by UTDC using [[bogie]]s and [[Articulated joint|articulations]] supplied by [[MAN SE]] of [[Germany]]. Assembly of the first 11 cars took place in Thunder Bay, while that of the remaining 41 cars took place in Kingston. They are numbered 4200–4251.

The first production ALRV, number 4200, was shipped to Toronto on June 11, 1987. It underwent further testing and modifications after its arrival. Car 4204 was the first of the production ALRVs to go into revenue service, doing so on the [[507 Long Branch]] route on January 19, 1988.<ref name="TT-ALRV" />

=== Marketing ===
The UTDC had only one other buyer for its light rail products, the [[Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority]]<ref name="PTJ-1991apr">{{cite news |last=Warner |first=David C. |title=San Jose: Guadalupe Corridor Line Completed |magazine=[[Passenger Train Journal]] |date=April 1991 |pages=32–38 |issn=0160-6913}}</ref> (now known as the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority), in [[San Jose, California]], which purchased 50 vehicles in 1987.<ref name="PTJ-1991apr"/> These cars were double-ended, articulated, and used pantograph collection, all of which were configurable options offered for the CLRV by the UTDC, as was high-platform boarding, which neither city used.<ref name="RwyAge-2018-01-05" />
 
In 1980, cars 4027, 4029 and 4031 were leased and tested by the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] (MBTA), in [[Boston]], to run on the [[Green Line (MBTA)|Green Line]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://photos.nerail.org/showpic/?2009011201452929774.jpg:bysearch:clrv:SEARCHTYPE=SIMPLE&PAGE=1&BOOL=ALL&SEARCHSTRING=clrv |title=4029 and 4031 at Arborway Station in Boston, Massachusetts |access-date=February 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526185450/http://photos.nerail.org/showpic/?2009011201452929774.jpg:bysearch:clrv:SEARCHTYPE=SIMPLE&PAGE=1&BOOL=ALL&SEARCHSTRING=clrv |archive-date=May 26, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> To operate in Boston, the streetcars had to be regauged and skipped [[Kenmore station]] when operating on the C and D branches as the CLRVs do not have any doors on the left side. During this time, the cars were occasionally operated as two- and three-car trains. Ultimately, the MBTA did not adopt the CLRV design for its light rail fleet.<ref name="TT-CLRV" />

The [[US Standard Light Rail Vehicle]] program was largely unsuccessful, with the resulting cars proving unreliable and troublesome to both transit systems that had purchased them. While the CLRV gave relatively more reliable performance for the TTC and SCVTA, their large amount of components that became proprietary as a result would make the cars increasingly more difficult and costly to maintain as they aged.

In 2004, the Santa Clara VTA replaced their UTDC cars with low-floor LRVs and sold the former fleet to [[SacRT light rail]] in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] and [[TRAX (light rail)|TRAX]] in [[Salt Lake City]].<ref name="TT-CLRV" /> The cars were retired from service in both Salt Lake City and Sacramento in 2018 and 2022, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strack |first=Don |title=UTA TRAX Light Rail Equipment |url=https://utahrails.net/uta/uta-trax-cars.php |access-date=July 7, 2022 |website=utahrails.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==
The design and operation of the CLRVs and ALRVs carried over features from the highly successful PCCs that they replaced, having a similar interior layout, and the same two green bull's-eye lights in the upper corners of the front, above the [[destination sign]], which uses back-lit [[rollsign|roller boards]]. Braking and acceleration were controlled by the operator with the same pedal layout used on the PCC's, including the [[dead man's switch]] which was used to apply the [[parking brake]] when the vehicle was not in motion.

Other features include fluorescent lighting and chopper controls to save energy.<ref name="RwyAge-2018-01-05" />

Claude Gidman, the former chairman of industrial design at the Ontario College of Art & Design (now [[OCAD University]]), was involved in the design for the CLRV. He created the colour scheme for the streetcar, including its distinctive crimson red colour, to make the CLRV noticeable on the streets and to continue the "Red Rocket" tradition in colouring. He also proposed that the front seats of the streetcar be angled inward, an idea that was abandoned.<ref name="G&M-Gidman">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-creative-thinker-designed-a-classic-toronto-red-rocket-streetcar/ |title=Creative thinker Claude Gidman designed a classic Toronto Red Rocket streetcar |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |first=Oliver |last=Moore |date=June 12, 2022}}</ref>

Unlike the CLRVs, the ALRVs have a large box sitting on the roof of each of the two articulated sections. Each box houses an air intake to ventilate the larger ALRV interior. All of the TTC's ALRVs were delivered without couplers, and a safety shield covers both of the empty front and rear coupler pockets.<ref name="TT-ALRV" /> Compared with the CLRVs, the ALRVs had limited acceleration due to their extra weight and because trolley pole pickup limited the amount of power they could draw.<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-12-29" />

When the CLRVs and ALRVs were delivered in the 1970s and 1980s respectively, they were equipped with [[gong]]s as the sole audible [[warning signal]]. Most cars were retrofitted with [[vehicle horn|horns]] in the late 1990s to combat automobile accidents when the [[510 Spadina]] right-of-way streetcar opened. Initially, the horns were salvaged from retired [[H-series (Toronto subway car)|H1]] and [[M-series (Toronto subway car)|M1]] subway cars which were replaced by the [[T-series (Toronto subway car)|T1]] subway cars. However, during the CLRV/ALRV streetcar fleet overhaul project between 2011 and 2012 the TTC reconfigured the streetcar horns with new air horns or automobile-type electric horns.<ref name="TT-CLRV" />

[[File:CLRV 4041 EB at King & Yonge.jpg|thumb|CLRV 4041 with roof-mounted air conditioning unit]]
CLRV 4041 is the only member of the CLRV/ALRV fleet to have an air conditioning unit, which the TTC installed in 2006. The unit was a long roof-mounted box with beveled sides that gave 4041 a look distinct from that of other CLRVs. TTC operator Stanley Mamaraj{{who|date=September 2019}} described 4041's air conditioning as "The cool air comes down. You can feel it, it's nice and cool."<ref name="CityNews-2006-07-26" /> However, after a ride on 4041, transit advocate Steve Munro described the air conditioning as "nowhere near as aggressive as it is on some buses or on the T1 subway cars. Moreover, depending on where you are in the car, you may not feel the effect at all because the cool air does not blow out evenly. When I rode back north on a non-A/C car, I sat beside the open window and was actually cooler than I had been on 4041."<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-07-21" />

Starting in 2006, the TTC installed a [[closed-circuit television]] (CCTV) security camera system on all surface vehicles including the CLRV/ALRV fleet as well as [[Toronto Transit Commission bus system|buses]]. The system is to deter crime on vehicles and help catch trouble-makers. It uses four cameras to make high-quality images stored in a 24-hour loop.<ref name="CityNews-2006-10-30">{{cite web |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2006/10/30/t-t-c-starts-camera-installation-on-buses-streetcars/ |title=T.T.C. Starts Camera Installation On Buses & Streetcars |newspaper=[[CityNews]] |date=October 30, 2006 |access-date=October 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101212308/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2006/10/30/t-t-c-starts-camera-installation-on-buses-streetcars/ |archive-date=November 1, 2018 }}</ref>

Until at least 2014, CLRV/ALRV streetcars, as well as buses, used a 1970s, pager-like communication system for Transit Control to communicate with operators. It was essentially a text-based system that could send messages to 10 vehicles at a time, and each operator had to acknowledge the message before Transit Control could communicate with other operators. In 2014, the TTC requested funding for a new radio system.<ref name="TO-Life-2014-02-03">{{cite web |url=http://www.torontolife.com/informer/random-stuff-informer/2013/12/17/ttc-byford-old-equipment/ |title=You'll never believe how ancient the TTC's technology actually is (there's a blacksmith involved) |date=December 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203002746/http://www.torontolife.com/informer/random-stuff-informer/2013/12/17/ttc-byford-old-equipment/# |first=Steve |last=Kupferman |archive-date=February 3, 2014 |work=Toronto Life |access-date=November 2, 2018}}</ref>

A [https://www.facebook.com/TorontoTransitCommission/photos/a.188853314238/188853719238/?type=3&theater promotional graphic] published by the TTC in 2009 illustrated that an ALRV could replace 55 automobiles carrying 61 passengers (assuming 1.11 passengers per auto) during the AM rush.<ref name="TTC-2013-Oper-Stats">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2013.jsp |title=2013 TTC Operating Statistics |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=2013 |access-date=October 31, 2018 |quote=Unlocking Gridlock |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127012757/http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2013.jsp |archive-date=November 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

From December 2015, the CLRVs and ALRVs accepted fare payments by [[Presto card]] and have since been installed system-wide including all TTC buses and subway stations as of December 2016.<ref name="TTC PRESTO">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Fares_and_passes/PRESTO/index.jsp |title=TTC PRESTO Fare System |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027152016/http://ttc.ca/Fares_and_passes/PRESTO/index.jsp |archive-date=October 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

To coincide with the Presto rollout on the CLRV/ALRV fleets, the TTC also introduced a [[proof-of-payment]] (POP) system across all streetcar routes in the TTC network (including the CLRV and ALRV streetcar fleets and the aforementioned replacement shuttle buses that operate in place of streetcars) in an effort to speed up services. The POP system allows riders with proof of payment—such as a paper transfer, TTC pass or Presto card—to board at any door of the vehicle. Riders are subject to random fare inspections, and riders paying by cash or token continue to have to board at the front door of the vehicle to pay at the farebox and are required to take a paper POP transfer from the driver to show when requested.<ref name="TTC Proof of Payment (POP)">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Fares_and_passes/Fare_information/Proof-of-Payment.jsp |title=TTC Proof of Payment (POP) |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=2018 |access-date=November 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023034841/http://www.ttc.ca/Fares_and_passes/Fare_information/Proof-of-Payment.jsp |archive-date=October 23, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Operator training==
[[File:Toronto LRV training mockup.jpg|thumb|The TTC's LRV training simulator, located at the Hillcrest Complex]]
A mockup of a CLRV which was used to train new streetcar operators is located at Hillcrest. The training simulator consisted of an operator cab, front steps and part of the front of a streetcar.<ref name="TorontoLife2014-09">{{cite web |url=http://www.torontolife.com/informer/transit/2014/09/29/ttc-life-sized-streetcar-simulator/ |title=The TTC's new life-sized streetcar simulator is not a toy—but it looks like one |magazine=[[Toronto Life]] |first=Chris |last=Bateman |date=September 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930224650/http://www.torontolife.com/informer/transit/2014/09/29/ttc-life-sized-streetcar-simulator/ |archive-date=September 30, 2014 |quote=Halfway down a long corridor inside the TTC's Hillcrest facility, on Bathurst Street, there's a room marked "streetcar simulator." Inside is a state-of-the-art training device on which the next generation of TTC streetcar drivers will earn their wheels. |access-date=November 1, 2018 }}</ref>

Operators also train with a real streetcar. The signs on the vehicle identify it as a training car.

==Later years==
In 2014, the CLRV and ALRV streetcars began being retired and replaced by [[low-floor tram|low-floor]] [[Flexity Outlook]] vehicles, the first of which were put into service on the 510 Spadina route.<ref name="TorStar2014-08-31" /> The replacements were initiated on the basis of the older vehicles being inaccessible to those with disabilities as well as the age and declining reliability of the CLRV and ALRV fleets.

===Accessibility===
The CLRV/ALRV cars, like the PCCs, had [[High-floor|high floors]] and steps at every doorway, and were therefore not [[wheelchair accessible]], severely limiting their use by people with [[Physical disability|physical disabilities]]. Furthermore, the doors were separated by vertical stanchions in the centre of each doorway, making each opening too narrow to accommodate wheelchairs, making accessibility retrofits more difficult and costly. With the passage of the [[Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005|Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act]] (AODA) mandating all public transport to be fully accessible by 2025, the TTC saw the need to replace them with [[accessible]] vehicles as early as 2005. TTC staff explored a number of possible means to make the old fleet [[wheelchair]]-accessible, including constructing level boarding platforms, lowering the track level, installing wheelchair lifts, and attaching wheelchair-accessible trailers, but concluded that none of these options were practical,<ref name="TTC-2006-02-22">{{cite web |url=http://autodocbox.com/Electric_Vehicle/71484077-Accessible-transit-services-plan.html |title=Accessible Transit Services Plan – 2006 Status Report |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=February 22, 2006 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171420/http://autodocbox.com/Electric_Vehicle/71484077-Accessible-transit-services-plan.html |archive-date=February 23, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TTC-2009-02-18" /> and replacing the cars was the best option.

In 2008, the TTC installed automatic stop announcements on all surface vehicles, including the CLRVs and ALRVs, to satisfy the requirements of the AODA. An LED device displays stop names in text, accompanied by a recorded voice announcing the stop names. This is to aid riders with hearing and vision problems.<ref name="TTC-2009-02-18" /><ref name="Torontoist-2007-12-28" /> In 2016, the TTC announced it would also install external announcement systems on all of its surface vehicle fleet, again including the CLRVs and ALRVs, to announce the route and destination of the vehicle to passengers waiting to board.<ref name="TO-2016-02-25" />

A TTC report in 2015 proposed that it may have continued to use some high-floor inaccessible CLRV/ALRV vehicles to supplement the low-floor Flexity Outlook streetcars during peak hours on selected routes either until approximately 2024, when projections indicated it would have enough of the Flexity vehicles available to provide accessible service on all streetcar routes or if they become impractical to maintain.<ref name="TO-2016-02-25" /> By May 2019, however, the TTC planned to retire the remainder of the CLRV/ALRV fleet by the end of 2019.<ref name="TTC-2019-05-08" />

===Winter operational issues===
During the [[polar vortex]] winter seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, many of the CLRV and ALRV streetcars broke down due to their age when operating in temperatures below {{convert|-20|C}}. On one of the worst days in January 2014, 48 streetcars failed to run for the morning rush hour.<ref name="TheStar-2015-12-01" /> On December 28, 2017, when the temperature was again &minus;20&nbsp;°C, 45 older streetcars could not leave the carhouse.<ref name="G&M-2017-12-28">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/nearly-one-third-of-old-streetcars-were-unable-to-leave-yard-due-to-frigid-weather-ttc/article37449557/ |title=Nearly one-third of old streetcars were unable to leave yard due to frigid weather: TTC |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |first=Oliver |last=Moore |date=December 28, 2017 |access-date=January 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112103716/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/nearly-one-third-of-old-streetcars-were-unable-to-leave-yard-due-to-frigid-weather-ttc/article37449557/ |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> During an extreme cold snap from January 20 to 22, 2019, the TTC withdrew all CLRV/ALRV cars from service due to the high risk of the cars breaking down in the cold weather. Instead, only Flexity Outlook streetcars along with buses were used.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cp24.com/weather/bitterly-cold-temperatures-continue-in-toronto-1.4261802 |title=Bitterly cold temperatures continue in Toronto |work=CP24 |date=January 21, 2019 |access-date=March 15, 2019 |first=Codi |last=Wilson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317073628/https://www.cp24.com/weather/bitterly-cold-temperatures-continue-in-toronto-1.4261802 |archive-date=March 17, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The ALRVs remained out of service for the rest of that winter season.<ref name="TTC-2019-07-10"/>

The older streetcars use pressurized air passing through tubes and valves to operate such things as suspension, braking, windshield wipers, doors and the rail sander (for traction under icy conditions). Condensation can freeze and block the air tubes causing a variety of malfunctions. Over time, salt erodes the air tanks and the tubing gets brittle and leaks leading to less efficient air flow which may cause the compressor beneath the tail of the car to overheat and break down.<ref name="TheStar-2015-12-01" />

To address these problems in December 2015, the TTC performed fixes taking 2–3 days per streetcar to implement. These included the installation of new air tanks and filters, the replacement of old tubing to the windshield wipers, repairs on the valves controlling air flow to the rail sanders, overhaul of the brake valves, and the correction of any suspension system deficiencies.<ref name="TheStar-2015-12-01">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/12/01/aging-ttc-streetcars-rattle-into-winter.html |title=Aging TTC streetcars rattle into winter |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |author=Alex Ballingall |date=December 1, 2015 |access-date=December 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205013946/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/12/01/aging-ttc-streetcars-rattle-into-winter.html |archive-date=December 5, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Replacement parts===
As the TTC's CLRV/ALRV streetcar fleet aged, many parts used by these older streetcars were no longer available from outside suppliers. If a CLRV or ALRV was damaged in a breakdown, collision or derailment, parts needed to be replaced or be bent back into shape. For this purpose, the TTC employed a [[blacksmith]] to craft and repair parts. The blacksmith also supplied tools such as switch irons and towing drawbars for streetcars.<ref name="blacksmith">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/meet-pat-maietta-the-ttc-s-last-remaining-blacksmith-1.2513352 |title=Meet Pat Maietta, the TTC's last remaining blacksmith |date=January 27, 2014 |work=CBC News |access-date=October 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234327/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/meet-pat-maietta-the-ttc-s-last-remaining-blacksmith-1.2513352 |archive-date=December 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The use of salt brine to de-ice city streets corroded parts on the older streetcars so much that such parts often had to be cut off the car. The TTC Harvey Shops had to manufacture some of the replacements sections, such as the chevrons which attach bogies to the car body. The upholstery department constructed the bellows used between the articulated sections of the ALRV. Each set of bellows took 240 hours to construct from a vinyl-like material using electric sewing machines.<ref name="TheStar-2016-05-13" />

===Refurbishment===
In 2006, the TTC was planning to refurbish 100 CLRVs to extend their life and possibly to add air conditioning. This plan was shelved by December 2016, and the only visible outcome was that CLRV 4041, effectively a prototype for refurbishment, became the only CLRV with air conditioning, sporting a visually distinct air conditioning unit on its roof.<ref name="CityNews-2006-07-26" /><ref name="SteveMunro-2006-12-29" />

In June 2015, the TTC started a program to rebuild and extend the life of 30 CLRVs and 30 ALRVs because of delays in delivery of the new Flexity streetcars. 56 employees were assigned to work on this program. Refurbishing each ALRV was expected to take about 55 days and cost $800,000. The cost for each CLRV was expected to be about $200,000. The total cost was budgeted at $33.1{{nbsp}}million. The work was to be completed by 2017.<ref name="TheStar-2016-05-13" /><ref name="TheStar-2018-11-12" />
 
The refurbishment of 30 ALRVs alone was budgeted at $24.5{{nbsp}}million, with an option to refurbish another 10. The remaining 12 ALRVs were to be stripped of useful parts and scrapped. The refurbishments included repairing corrosion, repainting, installing new energy-efficient [[LED lighting|LED lights]], upgrading the floors, refreshing the seats, and overhauling the pneumatic, brake and traction systems. This was expected to extend the life of the cars until 2024.<ref name="Metro-2015-06-16" /><ref name="TheStar-2018-11-12" /> The first renovated ALRV (4217) entered service on October 15, 2015.<ref name="TTC-2015-10-15" /> However, the TTC stopped the ALRV refurbishment program after completing 20 cars at a cost of $26{{nbsp}}million. The TTC hoped to have 10 of the refurbished ALRVs in service on any given day, but found that only two or three were fit for service with the others awaiting repairs mainly due to electrical problems. Because of budget constraints, the refurbishing had excluded electrical work.<ref name="TheStar-2018-11-12" />

===Decline===
[[File:Leslie Barns - retired CLRV & ALRV streetcars (including CLRV 4102).jpg|thumb|Row of retired CLRVs and ALRVs at the Leslie Barns. Note that CLRV 4102 (retired 2017) is missing parts.<ref name="CPTDB-CLRV" />]]

The CLRV and ALRV cars began being retired from service as the Flexity low-floor streetcars arrived and began service. A TTC report in 2015 projected that the last of the older-model vehicles would be retired by 2024.<ref name="Metro-2015-06-16" /> By January 2017, only 170 of the 200 CLRVs and ALRVs could be put into service because of the extra maintenance they required.<ref name="TheStar-2017-01-09">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/01/09/ttc-blames-service-cuts-on-streetcar-delays.html |title=TTC blames service cuts on streetcar delays |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |author=Ben Spurr |date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=January 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109233048/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/01/09/ttc-blames-service-cuts-on-streetcar-delays.html |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, the TTC proposed using 30 to 40 ALRVs to supplement Flexity streetcars until 2024 to address increased ridership until 60 more low-floor streetcars could be ordered.<ref name="TO-2016-02-25" /> By September 2018, the CLRV fleet had so deteriorated that the TTC indicated they intended to use ALRVs to supplement some rush-hour services on the busier streetcar lines intended to be operated with CLRVs only.<ref name="SteveMunro-2018-09-05" /> The ALRV fleet was sidelined between February and April 2019. In May, the TTC ran the ALRV fleet for {{convert|926|km|abbr=on}}, during which time one ALRV had a failure in its compressed air system. In mid-2019, the remaining ALRV fleet (about 6 or 7 vehicles) remained on standby as spare vehicles for supplemental service.<ref name="TTC-2019-07-10">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/July_10/Reports/1_CEO_Report_July_Update.pdf |title=Chief Executive Officer's Report – July 2019 Update |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=July 10, 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706235939/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/July_10/Reports/1_CEO_Report_July_Update.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ttc.ca">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Accessible_service/index.jsp |title=Accessible streetcar service updates |publisher=TTC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702190314/https://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Accessible_service/index.jsp |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |date=July 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-09-01"/>

By June 23, 2019, Flexity Outlook streetcars had fully replaced CLRVs on route [[501 Queen]] between [[Neville Park Loop]] and [[Humber Loop]]. CLRVs continued to serve the route between Humber Loop and [[Long Branch Loop]] (operated as a separate branch of route 501) until Flexity streetcars had fully replaced them by September 1, 2019.<ref name="ttc.ca"/><ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-09-01"/>

The last day of operation for the ALRVs was September 2, 2019. On that date, ALRVs 4204 and 4207 made commemorative last runs during the afternoon along Queen Street between [[Russell Carhouse]] (Queen and Greenwood) and [[Toronto streetcar system loops#Wolseley Loop|Wolseley Loop]] (Bathurst and Queen) with free rides to mark the occasion.<ref name="alrv-retirement" /><ref name="TTC-2019-08-29">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/August/08_29_19MA_last_alrv_streetcars.jsp |title=TTC's 'bendy streetcars' reach the end of the line |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=August 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830051642/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/August/08_29_19MA_last_alrv_streetcars.jsp | archive-date=August 30, 2019 }}</ref>

In September 2019, 44 CLRVs were in service.<ref name="TTC-2019-08">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/CEO_Report/CEO_Report_August_2019_Update.pdf |title=Toronto Transit Commission – CEO's Report – August 2019 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=August 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824014626/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/CEO_Report/CEO_Report_August_2019_Update.pdf |archive-date=August 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In that month, only routes [[506 Carlton]] and [[511 Bathurst]] were using them.<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-09-01">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service%20Summary_2019-09-01.pdf |title=Service Summary - September 1, 2019 to October 12, 2019 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127025719/https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service%20Summary_2019-09-01.pdf |archive-date=November 27, 2019}}</ref>
[[File:CLRV 4178 at Queen & River on last day.jpg|thumb|CLRV 4178 (the ''Streetcar Named Toronto'') on the last day of CLRV service]]
In September 2019, an artist group repainted CLRV 4178 at the [[Hillcrest Complex]] in bright colours, replacing its regular red and white livery. The repainting project was dubbed "A Streetcar Named Toronto" and is intended to make 4178 a moving artwork. Leaves in red and white were painted on the streetcar's floor and the ceiling was painted with a floral pattern. The artist group changed the colour of some seat covers and added photographs in the interior. The repainted streetcar ran until the end of the year on regular routes as well as for special events such as Nuit Blanche. The streetcar was expected to be scrapped after its retirement,<ref name="TheStar-2019-09-23">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/09/23/ttc-marks-the-end-of-a-streetcar-era-with-a-splash-of-colour.html |title=TTC marks the end of a streetcar era with a splash of colour |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=September 23, 2019 |access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref> but was ultimately preserved by the Halton County Radial Railway.<ref name="BTO-2020-02-19"/>

By October 2019, only 18 CLRVs were still in service.<ref name="TTC-2019-12-12">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/December_12/Reports/1_Chief_Executive_Officers_Report_December_2019_Update.pdf |title=Chief Executive Officer's Report – December 2019 Update |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=December 12, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |quote=In October, there were 18 CLRVs remaining in service. The heavy rainfall and the 40-year life of the vehicles contributed to 14 propulsion related delays and five delays each for high voltage, brakes and doorrelated systems. }}</ref> By late November 2019, CLRV service seven days per week was planned only for 511 Bathurst.<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2019-11-24">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service%20Summary_2019-11-24.pdf |title=Service Summary – November 24, 2019 to January 4, 2020 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=November 24, 2019 |access-date=November 30, 2019}}</ref> The TTC announced that it would continue to run CLRVs on that route until December 28, but it would also use some CLRVs as extra vehicles on 501 Queen between Bathurst Street and Greenwood Avenue on weekends from November 24 to December 28.<ref name="byeCLRV" />

The last day of service for the CLRVs was December 29, 2019. On that day, the TTC offered free service on the CLRVs along Queen Street between 10am and 2pm to commemorate the occasion.<ref name="byeCLRV" /> At 3{{nbsp}}pm, three CLRVs made a last commemorative run carrying invited guests from the Wolseley Loop to the Russell Carhouse.<ref name="TTC-2019-12-27">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/December/27_12_19MA_CLRV.jsp |title=Legacy TTC streetcars to make final trip down Queen street |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=December 27, 2019 |access-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229222732/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/December/27_12_19MA_CLRV.jsp | archive-date=December 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TheStar-2019-12-29">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/12/29/one-last-ding-ttc-riders-savour-final-trip-on-iconic-streetcars.html |title=One last ding. TTC riders savour final trip on 'iconic' streetcars |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Raju |last=Mudhar |date=December 29, 2019 |access-date=December 30, 2019}}</ref> Of the six CLRVs running that day, CLRV 4001 was the last to return to Russell Carhouse.<ref name="TTC-2020-01-27">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2020/January_27/Reports/1_CEO_Report_January_2020_Update.pdf |title=Chief Executive Officer's Report – January 2020 Update |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=January 27, 2020 |access-date=February 17, 2020 |pages = 9, 10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217194351/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2020/January_27/Reports/1_CEO_Report_January_2020_Update.pdf | archive-date=February 17, 2020 }}</ref>
 
The TTC has retained two CLRVs and an ALRV for special occasions and charters. Other CLRVs will be sold to various transit museums across North America or will be sold as scrap.<ref name="Metro-2015-06-16" /><ref name="byeCLRV" /> In July 2020, the TTC indicated it will convert CLRVs 4081 and 4124 into work cars.<ref name="TheStar-2020-07-30"/>

The TTC sold CLRV 4187 at auction to a private individual{{efn|Student and [[UrbanToronto]] member Alexander Glista}} for static display at Glista Family Farms in [[Priceville, Ontario]]. As a condition of sale, the TTC stripped the car of its TTC logo. The buyer paid $3,400 for the car, the minimum allowed bid, but shipping increases that cost to an estimated $8,000. The new owner plans to preserve the streetcar's interior, and has constructed a short strip of track to mount the vehicle.<ref name="TheStar-2020-07-30"/>

===Decommissioning===
Some noteworthy retired vehicles that were scrapped include:
{| class="wikitable" align="right" style="text-align: right"
|+Decommissioning schedule as of February 2019<ref name="TTC-2018-11">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/CEO_Report/CEO_Report_November_2018_Update.pdf |title=Toronto Transit Commission – CEO's Report – November 2018 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=November 2018 |access-date=December 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222082141/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/CEO_Report/CEO_Report_November_2018_Update.pdf |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TTC-2019-02">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/February_27/Reports/1_CEO_Report_February_2019_Update.pdf |title=Toronto Transit Commission – CEO's Report – February 2019 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=February 27, 2019 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614060630/http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/February_27/Reports/1_CEO_Report_February_2019_Update.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Year !! CLRV !! ALRV !! Total
|-
| 2013<!--2013/2014 numbers come from Nov/2018 CEO report-->
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
| 2014
| 1
| 1
| 2
|-
| 2015
| 7
| 4
| 7
|-
| 2016
| 16
| 1
| 21
|-
| 2017
| 30
| 3
| 30
|-
| 2018
| 28
| 28
| 59
|-
| 2019
| 113
| 14
| 128
|-
| Total
| 196
| 52
| 248
|}
<!-- Preserved units should go into Preservation section -->
* CLRV 4063 was the first to be retired. In 2006, it was intended to be the first prototype for the TTC's CLRV overhaul program, which was to include a complete reconstruction of the body as well as new propulsion and control systems. However, after the car was stripped, the overhaul program was cancelled. Because of a diminishing supply of spare parts for the active fleet, it was decided that the unit would be scrapped and all usable parts be salvaged for repairs to the existing fleet. The shell was sold for scrap in March 2009 to Future Enterprises of [[Hamilton, Ontario]].<ref name="CPTDB-CLRV">{{cite web |url=https://cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Toronto_Transit_Commission_4000-4005,_4010-4199 |title=Toronto Transit Commission 4000–4005, 4010–4199 |publisher=Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board |access-date=July 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228080048/http://www.cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Toronto_Transit_Commission_4000-4005,_4010-4199 |archive-date=December 28, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ALRV 4231 was retired in mid-2014 and was used to supply parts until its scrapping in May 2015. It was the first ALRV to be retired and scrapped.<ref name="CPTDB-ALRV">{{cite web |url=https://cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php/Toronto_Transit_Commission_4200-4251 |title=Toronto Transit Commission 4200–4251 |publisher=Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board |access-date=January 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116135548/https://cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php/Toronto_Transit_Commission_4200-4251 |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* CLRV 4062 was the second CLRV retired after it suffered a serious collision with TTC bus 7807 on December 27, 2014.<ref name="Global-2014-12-27">{{cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/1745031/5-injured-after-crash-between-ttc-bus-and-streetcar/ |title=4 injured after crash between TTC bus and streetcar |work=[[Global News]] |date=December 27, 2014 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408032544/http://globalnews.ca/news/1745031/5-injured-after-crash-between-ttc-bus-and-streetcar/ |archive-date=April 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Previously, the TTC repaired CLRVs damaged in collisions, even those heavily damaged. Instead, CLRV 4062 was retired in January 2015.<ref name="CPTDB-CLRV" />
* CLRV 4162, retired in March 2015, was the third CLRV to be retired but the first to be so because of age, wear and tear.<ref name="CPTDB-CLRV" />
* CLRV 4005 was retired in May 2015 and scrapped in July 2015. It was the first of the six SIG-built CLRVs to be retired.<ref name="CPTDB-CLRV" />
* CLRV 4000, the first CLRV by number and one of the six CLRVs built by SIG, was shipped to a Hamilton scrap yard from the [[Leslie Barns]] on December 9, 2017.<ref name="SteveMunro-2017-12-10">{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2017/12/10/early-days-of-the-clrvs/ |title=Early Days of the CLRVs (Updated) |publisher=[[Steve Munro]] |first=Steve |last=Munro |date=December 10, 2017 |access-date=January 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209121222/https://stevemunro.ca/2017/12/10/early-days-of-the-clrvs/ |archive-date=February 9, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Preservation===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! TTC No.
! Owner
! Location
! Status
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 4001
| [[Toronto Transit Commission]]
| [[Toronto]], Ontario
| Operational
| SIG-built CLRV; preserved as a heritage vehicle for future special events, such as charters and parades.<ref name="TorSun-2019-12-28"/>
|-
| 4003
| [[Halton County Radial Railway]]
| [[Rockwood, Ontario]]
| Operational
| SIG-built CLRV; donated.<ref name="Tweet-2019-11-04">{{cite tweet|user=streetcarmuseum|number=1191459500630265856|date=November 4, 2019|title=CLRV 4010 @streetcarmuseum }}</ref>
|-
| 4010
| Halton County Radial Railway
| Rockwood, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; donated.<ref name="Tweet-2019-11-04" />
|-
| 4024
| American Industrial Mining Company Museum
| [[Brownsville, Pennsylvania]]
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; donated.<ref name="AIM-2020-donations"/>
|-
| 4034
| [[Illinois Railway Museum]]
| [[Union, Illinois]]
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; acquired by museum in November 2019; to be [[Bogie exchange|regauged]] for standard gauge trackage.<ref name="IRM-2019-11-14">{{cite web |url=https://www.irm.org/in-the-news/1979-streetcar/ |title=IRM acquires 1979 streetcar from Toronto |publisher=[[Illinois Railway Museum]] |date=November 14, 2019 |access-date=November 26, 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| 4039
| Halton County Radial Railway
| Rockwood, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; donated.<ref name="Tweet-2019-11-04"/>
|-
|4040
|Halton County Radial Railway
|Rockwood, Ontario
|Parts only
|UTDC-built CLRV; auctioned off via GovDeals. Used for storage.<ref>{{Citation |title=Streetcar & Subway at Halton County Radial Railway Museum |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jS9Eqm6mFIs |language=en |access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref>
|-
|4053
|Halton County Radial Railway
|Rockwood, Ontario
|Parts only
|UTDC-built CLRV; auctioned off via GovDeals. Used for storage.<ref>{{Citation |title=Streetcar & Subway at Halton County Radial Railway Museum |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jS9Eqm6mFIs |language=en |access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 4068
| [[Seashore Trolley Museum]]
| [[Kennebunkport, Maine]]
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; donated, to be regauged for standard gauge trackage.<ref name=":0">https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10158248181167932&id=8036307931 {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref>
|-
<!--| 4081
| Toronto Transit Commission
| Toronto, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; to be converted into a work car.<ref name="TheStar-2020-07-30"/>
|-
-->
| 4089
| Toronto Transit Commission
| Toronto, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; preserved as a heritage vehicle for future events, such as charters and parades.<ref name="TorSun-2019-12-28"/><ref name="CPTDB-CLRV"/><ref name="Tdot-2020-03-07"/>
|-
<!--| 4124
| Toronto Transit Commission
| Toronto, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; to be converted into a work car<ref name="TheStar-2020-07-30"/>
|-
-->
|4133
|[[Seashore Trolley Museum]]
|Kennebunkport, Maine
|Parts only
|UTDC-built CLRV; to be used as a parts car for 4068<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 4170
| American Industrial Mining Company Museum
| Brownsville, Pennsylvania
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; donated.<ref name="AIM-2020-donations"/>
|-
| 4178
| Halton County Radial Railway
| Rockwood, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built CLRV; specially repainted in September 2019;<ref name="TheStar-2019-09-23"/> donated.<ref name="BTO-2020-02-19"/>
|-
| 4187
| Glista Family Farms
| [[Priceville, Ontario]]
| Static
| UTDC-built CLRV; purchased for preservation by a [[Railfan|streetcar fan]].<ref name="TheStar-2020-07-30"/> TTC logos removed.
|-
| 4204
| Halton County Radial Railway
| Rockwood, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built ALRV donated<ref name="Tweet-2019-10-21">{{cite tweet|user=TTC146Eminem
|author=Malcolm M |number=1186651888659374080|date=October 21, 2019|title=ALRV 4204}}</ref>
|-
| 4207
| Toronto Transit Commission
| Toronto, Ontario
| Operational
| UTDC-built ALRV preserved as a heritage vehicle for future special events, such as charters and parades<ref name="TTC-2019-08-29"/>
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:TorontoTram3.jpg|ALRV on a [[501 Queen]] route at Queen Street West
File:512 ROW at Avenue.jpg|CLRV on a [[512 St. Clair]] route at [[St. Clair Avenue|St. Clair Avenue West]]
File:CLRV 4152 and PCC 4500.jpg|CLRV with [[PCC streetcar|PCC]] at Exhibition Loop
File:ALRV 4214, CLRV 4165, ARLV 4238 and ALRV 4247 at Long Branch Loop.jpg|ALRVs stopped at Long Branch Loop
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Light rail vehicle]]

=== Similar vehicles ===
* [[US Standard Light Rail Vehicle]], a similar, though unsuccessful, attempt to build a standardized PCC successor in the US.
* [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company]] Type K LRV for [[SEPTA]] to replace PCC streetcars and similar to the CLRV
* [[VTA light rail]], which used a somewhat similar car design also produced by UTDC.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
===Citations===
{{Reflist
|refs=

<ref name="TT-CLRV">{{cite web |url=https://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4503.shtml |title=The Canadian Light Rail Vehicles (The CLRVs) |publisher=Transit Toronto |first=James |last=Bow |date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235322/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4503.shtml |archive-date=December 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TT-ALRV">{{cite web |url=https://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4504.shtml |title=The Articulated Light Rail Vehicles (The ALRVs) |publisher=Transit Toronto |first=James |last=Bow |date=January 30, 2017 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160156/https://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4504.shtml |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RwyAge-2018-01-05">{{cite web |url=http://www.railwayage.com/index.php/passenger/light-rail/the-car-that-saved-torontos-streetcars.html |title=The car that saved Toronto's streetcars |publisher=[[Railway Age]] |first=John |last=Thompson |date=January 5, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160104/http://www.railwayage.com/index.php/passenger/light-rail/the-car-that-saved-torontos-streetcars.html |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TorStar2014-08-31">
{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2014/08/31/new_ttc_streetcars_make_their_debut.html |title=New TTC streetcars make their debut |publisher=[[Toronto Star]] |author=Kim Brown |date=August 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901021055/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2014/08/31/new_ttc_streetcars_make_their_debut.html |archive-date=September 1, 2014 |access-date=September 8, 2014 |quote=Torontonians taking the Spadina streetcar might have noticed something different when they stepped on board today. That's because the Toronto Transit Commission has finally launched the first of its new streetcars.}}
</ref>

<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-12-29">{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2006/12/29/new-streetcars-sooner-not-later/ |title=New Streetcars Sooner, Not Later? |publisher=[[Steve Munro]] |first=Steve |last=Munro |date=December 29, 2006 |access-date=January 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118122448/https://stevemunro.ca/2006/12/29/new-streetcars-sooner-not-later/ |archive-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SteveMunro-2007-10-21">{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2007/10/21/a-short-history-of-the-clrv/ |title=A Short History of the CLRV |publisher=[[Steve Munro]] |first=Steve |last=Munro |date=October 21, 2007 |access-date=January 15, 2018 |quote=Indeed, the original plans for the Scarborough line were based on CLRV operation. However, the engineers working on this had only a vague grasp of transit basics, and they determined that the new cars had to travel at up to 70mph (roughly 110kph) for suburban operations. ... Further problems ensued because the wheels chosen for these vehicles were incompatible with our track, notably at switches where cars tended to derail. This problem was fixed, eventually, along with the worst of the noise and vibration issues by a change to the type of wheel we now see on the CLRVs, itself a descendent of the PCC design. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081325/https://stevemunro.ca/2007/10/21/a-short-history-of-the-clrv/ |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-2009-02-18">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/TTC_Accessibility/Public_Forum_on_Accessible_Transit/2009/Accessible_Transit_Services_Plan_2008_Status_Report_and_Stat.jsp |title=Accessible Transit Services Plan: 2008 Status Report, and Status of Accessibility Standards |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=February 18, 2009 |access-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052725/https://www.ttc.ca/TTC_Accessibility/Public_Forum_on_Accessible_Transit/2009/Accessible_Transit_Services_Plan_2008_Status_Report_and_Stat.jsp |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Torontoist-2007-12-28">{{cite web |url=https://torontoist.com/2007/12/hero_ttc_automa/ |title=Hero: TTC Automated Announcements |publisher=The Torontoist |first=Marc |last=Lostracco |date=December 28, 2007 |access-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031091141/https://torontoist.com/2007/12/hero_ttc_automa/ |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TO-2016-02-25">{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-92670.pdf |title=2016 Accessibility Plan Status Report |publisher=[[City of Toronto government|City of Toronto]] |author=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=February 25, 2016 |access-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031091133/https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-92670.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="CityNews-2006-07-26">{{cite web |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2006/07/26/first-air-conditioned-ttc-streetcar-unveiled/ |title=First Air Conditioned TTC Streetcar Unveiled |newspaper=[[CityNews]] |date=July 26, 2006 |access-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052811/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2006/07/26/first-air-conditioned-ttc-streetcar-unveiled/ |archive-date=October 31, 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="SteveMunro-2006-07-21">{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2006/07/21/the-air-conditioned-streetcar/ |title=The Air Conditioned Streetcar |publisher=[[Steve Munro]] |first=Steve |last=Munro |date=July 21, 2006 |access-date=January 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081321/https://stevemunro.ca/2006/07/21/the-air-conditioned-streetcar/ |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SteveMunro-2018-09-05">{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2018/09/01/the-decline-of-service-capacity-on-501-queen/ |title=The Decline of Service Capacity on 501 Queen |publisher=[[Steve Munro]] |first=Steve |last=Munro |date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091555/https://stevemunro.ca/2018/09/01/the-decline-of-service-capacity-on-501-queen/ |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=live }} See quoted reply from Brad Ross.</ref>

<ref name="TheStar-2016-05-13">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/05/13/ttc-staff-put-in-careful-hour-keeping-an-aging-fleet-stay-on-track.html |title=TTC staff 'perform miracles' keeping aging streetcar fleet on track |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |author=Ben Spurr |date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=May 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515110116/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/05/13/ttc-staff-put-in-careful-hour-keeping-an-aging-fleet-stay-on-track.html |archive-date=May 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Metro-2015-06-16">{{cite web |url=http://metronews.ca/news/toronto/1399681/ttc-upgrading-some-streetcars-crushing-others/ |title=TTC upgrading some streetcars, crushing others |work=MetroNews |first=Chris |last=Bateman |date=June 16, 2015 |access-date=June 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620025517/http://metronews.ca/news/toronto/1399681/ttc-upgrading-some-streetcars-crushing-others/ |archive-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-2015-10-15">{{cite news |url=https://www.ttc.ca/News/2015/October/1015_streetcar_rebuild.jsp/ |title=Newly-restored TTC streetcar enters service |newspaper=Toronto Transit Commission |date=October 15, 2015 |access-date=October 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112085108/https://www.ttc.ca/News/2015/October/1015_streetcar_rebuild.jsp |archive-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="TheStar-2018-11-12">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/11/12/toronto-pulls-plug-on-program-created-to-extend-life-of-older-streetcars-after-it-exceeds-budget-and-falls-short-of-target.html |title=TTC spent $26{{nbsp}}million to save 30 aging streetcars. But majority of the vehicles are still in the garage in need of more repairs |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=November 12, 2018 |access-date=November 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113042259/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/11/12/toronto-pulls-plug-on-program-created-to-extend-life-of-older-streetcars-after-it-exceeds-budget-and-falls-short-of-target.html |archive-date=November 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BTO-2020-02-19">{{cite web |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2020/02/colourful-streetcar-new-home/ |title=Toronto's colourful streetcar has found a new home |publisher=blogTO |first=Mira |last=Miller |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306162400/https://www.blogto.com/city/2020/02/colourful-streetcar-new-home/ | archive-date=March 6, 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="AIM-2020-donations">{{cite web |url=https://americanindustrialmining.com/donations-corporate-individual |title=Timeline of contributions |publisher=American Industrial Mining Company Museum |access-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415013531/https://americanindustrialmining.com/donations-corporate-individual | archive-date=April 15, 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="TorSun-2019-12-28">{{cite web |url=https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/the-way-we-were-end-of-the-line-for-torontos-iconic-clrvs |title=The Way We Were: End of the line for Toronto's iconic CLRVs |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |first=Mike |last=Filey |date=December 28, 2019 |access-date=April 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229153439/https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/the-way-we-were-end-of-the-line-for-torontos-iconic-clrvs | archive-date=December 29, 2019 }}</ref>

<ref name="Tdot-2020-03-07">{{cite web |url=https://tdotshots.com/iconic-toronto-a-transit-fan-history-of-ttc-clrv-streetcar/ |title=Iconic Toronto: A Transit Fan's History of the TTC's CLRV Streetcar |publisher=Tdot Shots |date=March 7, 2020 |access-date=April 16, 2020 |quote=Units 4001 and 4081 have been preserved by the TTC, along with 4089 being rumored but not confirmed as preserved by the TTC.}}</ref>

<ref name="TheStar-2020-07-30">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/07/30/track-of-dreams-24-year-old-transit-fan-buys-himself-an-old-ttc-streetcar.html |title=Track of dreams: 24-year-old transit fan buys himself an old TTC streetcar |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=July 30, 2020 |access-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref>

}}

===General===
* {{cite news |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2014/08/the_story_of_the_last_new_streetcar_launch_in_toronto/ |title=The story of the last new streetcar launch in Toronto |publisher=[[BlogTO]] |author=Chris Bateman |date=August 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821020856/https://www.blogto.com/city/2014/08/the_story_of_the_last_new_streetcar_launch_in_toronto/ |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category multi|Canadian Light Rail Vehicles in Toronto|Articulated Light Rail Vehicles in Toronto}}
* [https://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4503.shtml The Canadian Light Rail Vehicles (The CLRVs)]
* [https://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4504.shtml The Articulated Light Rail Vehicles (The ALRVs)]
* [https://cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Toronto_Transit_Commission_4000-4005,_4010-4199 Toronto Transit Commission 4000–4005, 4010–4199] CLRV roster
* [https://cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php/Toronto_Transit_Commission_4200-4251 Toronto Transit Commission 4200–4251] ALRV roster
* {{YouTube|EvtUBS43E9M|CLRV 4000 End of Line}} depicting retired CLRV 4000 being loaded on a flatbed at the Leslie Barns
* {{YouTube|1unl5TaJW6E|"Bendy" streetcars take their last rides as TTC vehicles}}: Last official runs of the ALRV
* {{YouTube|WB0EYcsP1qY|CLRV - The Final Chapter}} published by Transit Toronto (a railfan group) on June 7, 2020
* {{YouTube|ew6L49kAWZc|New home for old TTC streetcar}} published by [[CityNews]] on August 4, 2020, about CLRV 4187

{{TTC rolling stock}}
{{TTC}}

[[Category:Toronto streetcar vehicles]]
[[Category:Articulated passenger trains]]
[[Category:600 V DC multiple units]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of Canada]]