View source for Calung

{{Short description|Indonesian traditional musical instrument}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name                  = Calung
| image                 = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Xylofoon van bamboe met vijftien toetsen onderdeel van tjalung-ensemble TMnr 1029-11a.jpg
| image_size            = 
| alt                   =
| caption               = A calung musical instrument from [[Indonesia]].
| background            = percussion
| names                 =
| classification        = Idiophone
| hornbostel_sachs      = 111.232
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Sets of percussion tubes
| inventors             = [[Baduy people]]
| developed             = [[Java]]  (in [[Banten]] by both [[Baduy people|Baduy]] and [[Bantenese people|Bantenese]], in [[West Java]] by [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]], in [[Banyumas]] by [[Banyumasan people|Banyumasan]]) and [[Bali]] (by [[Balinese people|Balinese]])
| timbre                = 
| volume                = 
| attack                = 
| decay                 = 
| range                 =
| pitch                 = 
| related               =
| musicians             =
| builders              =
| articles              =
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| ICH         = Indonesian Angklung
| State Party = Indonesia
| ID          = 00393
| Region      = APA
| Year        = 2010
| Session     = 5th
| List        = Representative
| Note        = '''Traditional {{lang|su|Angklung}}''' (Pentatonic – [[Slendro]] Scale: {{lang|su|Angklung Kanekes, Angklung Dogdog Lojor, Angklung Gabrag, Angklung Badeng, Angklung Bungko, Angklung Badud, Angklung Buncis}}, and {{lang|su|angklung Calung}}) and '''Modern {{lang|su|Angklung}}''' (Diatonic/Chromatic - {{lang|su|Slendro, [[Pelog]]}}, and {{lang|su|Madenda}} Scale: {{lang|su|Angklung Padaeng}}) 
}}

The '''Calung''' ({{langx|su|{{Sund|ᮎᮜᮥᮀ}}}}) is a type of [[Music of Indonesia|Indonesia]]n [[bamboo]] [[xylophone]] originating from [[Baduy people|Baduy]] culture and commonly used in [[Baduy people|Baduy]], [[Bantenese people|Bantenese]], [[Music of Sunda|Sundanese]], [[Banyumasan people|Banyumasan]], and [[Music of Bali|Balinese]] performances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Calung|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000046041|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Grove Music Online|year=2001|language=en|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46041|isbn=978-1-56159-263-0}}</ref><ref name="Calung">{{Cite web|title=Calung|url=https://kbbi.web.id/calung-2|access-date=8 August 2021|work=Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)}}</ref> The calung (instrument) consists of multiple bamboo tubes which are struck at the base to produce a woody sound.

In the [[Bali]]nese [[Gamelan gong kebyar]], the [[metallophone]] [[jublag]] can also be known as ''Calung'', it has a one-octave range, and is generally utilized to play mid-range melodies.

In [[Banyumas]], southwestern [[Central Java]] in [[Indonesia]], when Calung is referred to as an ensemble, it uses multiple bamboo instruments and is composed of singers and dancers.<ref name="OxfordMusicOnline">[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/46041?] (2007). {{Cite Grove|title=Calung|year=2007|author=|author2=|access-date=9 Sep 2013|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46041}}</ref> The ensemble is characterized by a variety of traits that include: interlocking melodies and [[rhythm]], abrupt changes in [[tempo]], as well as syncopated rhythm and humorous vocals. Calung (the ensemble) is present at many celebratory gatherings, and its dancers are sometimes related to prostitution.<ref name=Sutton>{{cite book |last=Sutton |first= R. Anderson|title=Traditions of Gamelan Music in Java: Musical Pluralism and Regional Identity |year=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>{{Dubious|date=September 2020}}{{page needed|date=September 2018}}

On November 18, 2010, [[UNESCO]] officially recognized the Indonesian {{Lang|su|angklung}} which includes a musical instrument of calung as a [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]], and encouraged the Indonesian people and the Indonesian government to safeguard, transmit, promote performances and to encourage the craftsmanship of the {{Lang|su|angklung}}.<ref>{{cite web|title="Indonesian Angklung", Inscribed in 2010 (5.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/indonesian-angklung-00393|publisher= UNESCO |access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> In 2011, calung traditions are recognized as [[National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia]] by the [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)|Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warisan Budaya Takbenda, Penetapan|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailCatat=1972a|access-date=8 August 2021|work=Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Calung is actually the name for the ''[[Diospyros macrophylla]]'' tree in [[Sundanese language]] ([[:su:Ki calung|''ki calung'']], literally: calung wood),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Annisha |first=Wahyu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqVYEAAAQBAJ&dq=calung+sunda&pg=PA68 |title=Mengenal Aneka Flora & Fauna Indonesia |publisher=Laksana Kidz |year=2016 |isbn=978-602-0806-84-6 |location=Yogyakarta |pages=68}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dodo |date=20 February 2014 |title=KI CALUNG (Diospyros macrophylla Blume) DI TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON BANTEN |url=http://lipi.go.id/publikasi/ki-calung-diospyros-macrophylla-blume-di-taman-nasional-ujung-kulon-banten/7139 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia}}</ref> as a musical instrument, according to the ''A Dictionary of the Sunda language'' by Jonathan Rigg (1862), calung is a rude musical instrument so called, being half a dozen slips of bambu fastened to a string, like the steps of a ladder, and when hung up, tapped with a bit of wood.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rigg |first=Jonathan |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_Sunda_language/C |title=A Dictionary of the Sunda language |publisher=Lange & Co. |year=1862 |location=Batavia |pages=75}}</ref>

==Instrument==
The calung works by cutting away multiple pieces of [[bamboo]] tubes to create a [[Pitch (sound)|pitch]] when struck.<ref>[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/42890pg5#S42890.5.1.2.2] {{Cite Grove|title=Indonesia|author=Yampolsky|author2=|display-authors=etal|access-date=8 September 2018|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.42890}} Section (b): Village music.</ref> To make the Calung in the Sundanese tradition, a set of bamboo tubes are strung together through holes cut into the tubes. You are then able to play the Calung either suspended; you play the tubes while they are in hanging in front of you, or you can put them across a bamboo frame and play it like a [[xylophone]].

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:Angklung-kolintang.jpg|{{Lang|su|Calung}} performance in [[Frankfurt]], [[Germany]].
File:Baduy van de residentie Banten, West-Java, Jannes Theodorus Bik (attributed to), c. 1816 - c. 1846.jpg|<small>An illustration of a [[Baduy people|Sundanese Baduy]] man playing a calung by Jannes Theodorus Bik, c. 1816–1846 {{Small|(this picture taken from the anthropological collection pictures of [[Rijksmuseum]] Amsterdam)}}</small>.
File:Bali, gamelan player 2.jpg|<small>A Rindhik musical instrument (Balinese calung style) from [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]].</small>
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Slaginstrument van bamboe met vijf buizen TMnr 1057-4a.jpg|<small>Calung Jinjing</small>
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Music|Indonesia}}
* [[Gamelan]]
* [[Music of Sunda]]
* [[Music of Java]]
* [[Music of Bali]]

==References==
 {{Reflist}}

==External links==
*(August 2, 2011). "[http://antique-teak-furniture.blogspot.com/2011/08/calung-traditional-art-from-west-java.html Calung Traditional Art from West java]", ''Antique-Teak-Furniture.BlogSpot.com''. An example of a Calung ensemble can be found in the video halfway down the page.

{{Gamelan}}
{{Indonesian musical instruments}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indonesian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Gamelan instruments]]
[[Category:Keyboard percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Music of West Java]]
[[Category:Sundanese culture]]


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