View source for Caldera OpenLinux

{{Short description|Linux distribution of the late 1990s and early 2000s}}
{{Redir|Caldera (operating system)|the DOS operating system|OpenDOS}}
{{Infobox OS
|  name = Caldera OpenLinux
|  screenshot = File:Caldera OpenLinux installation CD-ROM.jpg
|  caption = Installation CD from 1999
|  developer = [[Caldera (company)|Caldera]], [[Caldera Systems]], [[Caldera International]]
|  family = [[Linux]]
|  released = 1997
|  source_model = Mixed
|  working_state = Defunct
|  latest_release_version = 3.1.1
|  latest_release_date = {{Release date and age|2002}} 
|  kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel]]
|  license = Mixed
|  website = 
}}
'''Caldera OpenLinux''' is a defunct [[Linux distribution]] produced by [[Caldera, Inc.]] (and its successors [[Caldera Systems]] and [[Caldera International]]) that existed from 1997 to 2002. Based on the German [[LST Power Linux]] distribution, OpenLinux was an early high-end "business-oriented" distribution that included features it developed, such as an easy-to-use, graphical installer and graphical and web-based system administration tools, as well as features from bundled [[proprietary software]].  In its era, Caldera OpenLinux was one of the four major commercial Linux distributions, the others being [[Red Hat Linux]], [[Turbolinux]], and [[SuSE Linux]].{{refn|group="nb"|Red Hat was the dominant commercial distribution at the time, with Caldera, SuSE, and Turbolinux in the next tier.<ref name="moody"/> Of two other distributions sometimes grouped with them, [[Mandrake Linux]] was aimed more at end users while [[Debian]] was for Linux enthusiasts.<ref name="PCMag_2001"/>}}

== Background ==
By 1994, under CEO [[Ray Noorda]]'s purview, [[Novell Corsair]] was a project run by Novell's advanced technology group that sought to put together a [[desktop metaphor]] with [[Internet connectivity]] and toward that end conducted research on how to better and more easily integrate and manage network access for users. At the time, the Internet was dominated by Unix-based operating systems, but the Novell group saw the Unixes of the day as being too hardware intensive, too large, and charging too much in license fees. They became convinced that [[Linux]] offered the best possible answer for the operating system component, and started building code towards that purpose, including contributing work on [[IPX]] networking for [[NetWare]] and [[Wine (software)|Wine]] compatibility layer for Windows.  However, Noorda departed from Novell and under new management, the Linux role in Corsair was dropped.<ref name="LJ_1995">{{cite news |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1094 |title=Caldera and Corsair – Who is Caldera, and what is Corsair, really? |date=June 1995 |magazine=Linux Journal |access-date=2008-09-24}}</ref>

[[Caldera, Inc.]] was founded in 1994 by [[Bryan Wayne Sparks]] and Ransom H. Love and received start-up funding from Noorda's Utah-focused [[Canopy Group]], and Caldera became one of the first commercial companies putting out a [[Linux distribution]].<ref name="eweek-ransom-2003">{{cite news |url=https://www.eweek.com/servers/ransom-love-co-founder-of-caldera-and-sco-speaks-of-unix-gpl-and-the-lawsuit |title=Ransom Love, Co-founder of Caldera and SCO, Speaks of Unix, GPL and the Lawsuit |author-first=Steven J. |author-last=Vaughan-Nichols |magazine=[[eWeek]] |date=September 25, 2003}}</ref> That first distribution was [[Caldera Network Desktop]], which was based on [[Red Hat Commercial Linux]].<ref name="Petreley_1996_Caldera">{{cite news |title=Down to the Wire - Hot Caldera rates a look as an Internet service, maybe even for desktops |author-first=Nicholas |author-last=Petreley |magazine=InfoWorld |date=1996-02-19 |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xT4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA108 |access-date=2017-06-25}}</ref><ref name="Hughes_1996_CND"/> It seemed primarily aimed at the office desktop and custom solutions markets.<ref name="Hughes_1996_CND">{{cite news |title=Caldera Network Desktop 1.0 |author-first=Phil |author-last=Hughes |date=June 1996 |issue=26 |magazine=Linux Journal |url=https://nnc3.com/mags/LJ_1994-2014/LJ/026/0117.html |access-date=2018-08-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180805090434/https://nnc3.com/mags/LJ_1994-2014/LJ/026/0117.html |archive-date=2018-08-05}}</ref>

One of the features of Caldera Network Desktop was an installation component called LISA (Linux Installation and System Administration),<ref name="Hughes_1996_CND"/> which had been developed with the Germany-based [[Linux Support Team]] (LST).<ref name="LST_1997">{{cite news |title=LST Software GmbH Merges With Caldera Inc. – Critically acclaimed European Linux developers strengthen Caldera's commitment |agency=[[PR Newswire]] |date=1997-05-23 |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LST+Software+GmbH+Merges+With+Caldera+Inc.-a019440952 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913050017/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LST+Software+GmbH+Merges+With+Caldera+Inc.-a019440952 |archive-date=2012-09-13 |access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref>  In terms of Linux distributions, that group was responsible for [[LST Power Linux]], a [[Slackware]]-derived distribution that had been maintained by LST since its first incarnation in 1993.<ref name="LST_2003">{{cite web |title=Historie |language=de |date=2018 |orig-year=2001 |publisher=LST - Verein zur Förderung freier Software e.V. |url=http://www.lst.de/de/main.php?id=02 |access-date=2018-08-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804152549/http://www.lst.de/de/main.php?id=02 |archive-date=2018-08-04}}</ref> Caldera Network Desktop ended sales in March 1997.<ref name="LG_1997"/>

== Technology and product ==
=== Caldera, Inc. era ===
Caldera, Inc. collaborated with the LST staff, which by then had become [[LST Software GmbH]], and its LST Power Linux distribution, which was made the basis of their following product.<ref name="LST_2003"/> Then in May 2007, it was announced at [[Linux Kongress]] that Caldera, Inc. was acquiring LST and its development center in [[Erlangen, Germany]],<ref name="LST_1997"/> thus creating  [[Caldera Deutschland GmbH]].<ref name="LST_2003"/> 

This new product was named Caldera OpenLinux.<ref name="LG_1997">{{cite news | url=https://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/LG/issue19/caldera.html | title=Caldera OpenLinux | first=Evan | last=Leibovitch | work=Linux Gazette | date=July 1997}} </ref> (The     name OpenLinux tended to annoy people associated with other Linux distributions, falsely suggesting as it did that the other distributions were not open.<ref name="moody">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/rebelcodeinsides00mood|url-access=registration|title=Rebel Code: The Inside Story of Linux and the Open Source Revolution |author-first=Guy |author-last=Moody |publisher=Perseus Publishing |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |date=2001 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rebelcodeinsides00mood/page/99 99]–101, 220–223, 230–231, 295–296}}</ref>) Review copies of it became available by March 1997.<ref name="CW_DE_1997">{{cite news | url=https://www.computerwoche.de/article/2795942/caldera-will-open-linux-zum-kommerziellen-durchbruch-verhelfen.html | title=Neue Version des Unix-Clones: Caldera will Open Linux zum kommerziellen Durchbruch verhelfen | first=Andrej | last=Radonic | work=Computerwoche | date=21 March 1997 | language=de}}</ref> By one account, it was the first commercial distribution to include version 2 of the [[Linux kernel]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archiveos.org/caldera/ | title=Caldera | publisher=ArchiveOS | date=25 August 2023 | access-date=2024-08-31}}</ref>

Caldera offered three versions of OpenLinux, with one for hackers and the other two for resellers and commercial users.<ref name="moody"/>  Alternatively, the three versions could be seen as a base version, a workstation version, and a server version.<ref name="CW_DE_1997"/> Pricing could also change; at one point, the product breakdown was:
* ''OpenLinux Lite'' was a freely downloadable version.
* ''OpenLinux Base'' was a USD 99 version with a few extensions.
* ''OpenLinux Standard'' was USD 299 and was their fully featured product.

Earliest versions of OpenLinux came on [[CD-ROM]]s for installation, but it was often necessary to create [[floppy disk]]s for the initial boot, depending upon the [[BIOS]] capabilities of the [[IBM PC compatible]] system being installed.<ref name="LG_1997"/> That floppy was not shipped by the distribution and had to be cut by the user.<ref name="CW_DE_1997"/>
At another point in time, Caldera OpenLinux was also available on a retail basis, in the form of a CD-ROM for installing Linux on a PC that sold for {{currency|amount=49|code=USD|fmt=gaps|linked=no}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/08/technology/mac-windows-and-now-linux.html |title=Mac, Windows And Now, Linux |author-first=Katie |author-last=Hafner |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 8, 1998 |page=G1}}</ref> 

OpenLinux typically came with a separate CD-ROM called the Solutions CD, which is what delivered the commercial software.  These included such powerful enterprise products as the [[Adabas D]] database management system from [[Software AG]].<ref name="moody"/> Use of these components required activation of a license key.<ref name="CW_DE_1997"/> A review in ''[[Computerwoche]]'' assessed the initial Caldera OpenLinux release as providing an easy-to-use distribution at an attractive price-to-performance point  for those exploring Linux.<ref name="CW_DE_1997"/>

=== Caldera Systems era ===
[[Image:Using Caldera Linux book signing 1999.jpg|thumb|right|Book-signing event for ''Using Caldera OpenLinux'', 1999]]

In September 1998, Caldera, Inc. spun off [[Caldera Systems]], which handled OpenLinux going forward, including development, training, services, and support.<ref name="Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries">{{cite press release |title=Caldera Creates Two {{sic|hide=y|Wholly|-}}Owned Subsidiaries |date=September 2, 1998 |publisher=[[PRNewswire]] |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=15948 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624234105/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/caldera-creates-two-wholly-owned-subsidiaries-156626585.html |archive-date=June 24, 2017}}</ref>

The Caldera Systems distribution used the [[K Desktop Environment 1|KDE]] desktop.<ref name="LWN_2000">{{cite web |url=https://lwn.net/2000/features/Comdex/RansomLove.php3 |title=Ransom Love Interview and Caldera Systems, Inc at Comdex Fall 2000 |publisher=LWN.net |date=November 20, 2000 |author-first1=Forrest |author-last1=Cook |author-first2=Rebecca |author-last2=Sobol}}</ref> Other open-source components that it came with included [[Qt (software)|Qt]] and [[Wine (software)|Wine]].<ref name="lc-list"/> There was also a non-commercial version of [[Star Office]].<ref name="bangia"/> Support for [[ISDN]] was bundled into the product, which was a benefit in the German market.<ref name="CW_DE_1997"/>

But Caldera Systems focused on a high-end Linux product and its Linux distribution became rich with features with bundled [[proprietary software]].  For instance, the company offered [[NetWare for Linux]], which included a full-blown [[NetWare]] implementation from Novell.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iVIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA79 |title=NetWare for Linux: neat party trick |author-first=Tom |author-last=Yager |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=August 17, 1998 |page=79}}</ref>
They licensed [[Sun Microsystems]]'s [[Wabi (software)|Wabi]] to allow people to run Windows applications under Linux.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2076 |title=Wabi: Caldera's Solution for Windows Applications |work=[[Linux Journal]] |access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> Additionally, they shipped with Linux versions of [[WordPerfect]] from [[Corel]] as well as productivity applications from [[Applixware]].<ref name="lc-list"/> Since many of their customers used a [[dual boot]] setup, Caldera shipped with [[PowerQuest]]'s [[PartitionMagic]] to allow their customers to non-destructively [[Partition (computing)|repartition]] their [[hard disk]]s.<ref name="lc-list">{{cite news |url=https://www.linux.com/news/caldera-openlinux/ |title=Caldera OpenLinux |author-first=Benjamin D. |author-last=Thomas |publisher=Linux.com |date=August 23, 1999}}</ref><ref name="itpro"/>

This approach led to a debate about the purity of Linux-based products. Caldera stated that: "We have produced a product that combines the best of open-source and commercial packages; we are doing Linux for business. We do add to it commercial packages that allow business users to easily integrate it."<ref name="nyt-101899">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/18/business/technology-supporters-of-linux-worry-that-commercialization-could-bring-chaos.html |title=Technology: Supporters of Linux Worry That Commercialization Could Bring Chaos |author-first=Lawrence M. |author-last=Fisher |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 18, 1999 |page=C5}}</ref> 

[[OpenLinux 2.2]], released in April 1999, was seen as significantly improved from the previous year's [[OpenLinux 1.3|1.3]] release, especially in terms of it having a fully graphical and easy-to-use installation feature.<ref name="itpro">{{cite news |url=https://www.itprotoday.com/windows-8/red-hat-caldera-release-new-versions-linux |title=Red Hat, Caldera release new versions of Linux |author-first=Paul |author-last=Thurrott |publisher=ITPro Today |date=April 25, 1999}} (See also: [https://www.linux.co.cr/distributions/review/1999/0514.html])</ref>  
Ease of installation was an important criteria in selecting a Linux distribution,<ref name="cnbc-ipo">{{cite news |url=http://plotkin.com/cnbcs113/ |title=Caldera Systems IPO Soars in Debut |author-first=Hal |author-last=Plotkin |publisher=CNBC |date=March 21, 2000}}</ref> and Caldera Deutschland had created this first fully graphical installer for Linux, called Lizard, starting in November 1998.<ref name="Lizard">{{cite web |url=http://rant.gulbrandsen.priv.no/linux/openlinux-lizard |title=The Openlinux Lizard |website=rant.gulbrandsen.priv.no |access-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref>  Several years later it was still receiving praise from reviewers.<ref name="lw-vms">{{cite news |url=http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32708 |title=Volution shows promise |author-first=Joshua |author-last=Drake |work=LinuxWorld |date=January 14, 2002 |access-date=2019-11-17  |archive-date=2016-04-05  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405195658/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32708 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The installer could even be started from a [[Microsoft Windows]] partition.<ref name="itpro"/>

The improvements provided by the Lizard installer led to the technology publication ''[[Linux Journal]]'' giving Caldera OpenLinux 2.3 its top award, Product of the Year.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3730 | title=1999 Editors' Choice Awards | first=Jason | last=Kroll | magazine=Linux Journal | date=December 1999}}</ref>

=== Caldera International era ===
During 2000, Caldera Systems began the process of acquiring the Unix businesses of the [[Santa Cruz Operation]].  In March 2001 announced that it would be changing its name to Caldera International.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://pressreleases.responsesource.com/news/11336/caldera-systems-previews-new-company-caldera-international-at/ |title=Caldera Systems Previews New Company – Caldera International – At CeBIT with Industry Support |publisher=Caldera Systems, Inc. 
|date=March 26, 2001}}</ref>

Caldera OpenLinux 3.1 came out in June 2001.<ref name="LT_2001_L"/>  Among the new softwares incorporated were Caldera's own Volution Manager and Volution Messaging Server, which were layers of functionality on top of Linux aimed at adding value to the operating system product.<ref name="PCMag_2001"/> The workstation edition of Caldera OpenLinux came with  a requirement for [[per-seat license|per-seat licensing]].<ref name="LT_2001_L"/> <!-- "Aimed at developers, OpenLinux Workstation includes Borland JBuilder 4 Foundation as well as Sun Microsystems' Forte 2.0 and J2SE 1.3. " --> An extensive review of Caldera OpenLinux 3.1  in 
''[[PC Magazine]]'' gave it 3 out of 5 'discs', behind the Red Hat and SuSE products which each got 4 out of 5.<ref name="PCMag_2001"/>
 
The last release of the product was Caldera OpenLinux 3.1.1 in January 2002.<ref name="OSN_2002"/> OpenLinux 3.1 and 3.1.1 were used as the user-space basis for SCO's Linux Kernel Personality (LKP) product on [[SCO UnixWare]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scosales.com/ta/kb/114783.html | title=SCO Unixware 7.1.x, Open UNIX 8 Installing Linux Kernel Personality (LKP).  | publisher=The SCO Group | date=January 15, 2008 | access-date=2024-08-31}}</ref>

== Markets, alliances, and sales ==
{{expand-sect|with=actual sales figures|date=August 2024}}
Caldera OpenLinux offered specific packages for e-commerce and secure-server configurations.<ref name="PCMag_2001"/> It was also aimed at the business connectivity domain.<ref name="moody"/> As ''[[PC Magazine]]'' wrote at the time, "Unusual for the Linux world, Caldera makes a strong cost-of-ownership argument in the corporate environment." It also said: "Unparalleled support and a wide range of products, including e-commerce solutions, make Caldera OpenLinux Server 3.1 a very attractive choice. Caldera's clear distinction between client and server distributions underlines the company's endeavor to appeal to the business community."<ref name="PCMag_2001">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onqTTm-f8cAC&dq=%22openlinux+3.1%22+2001&pg=PA124 | title=Choosing Linux | first1=Bill | last1=Ulrich | first2=Oliver | last2=Kaven | magazine=PC Magazine | date=2001-11-13 | pages=120–128 }} Caldera portion also available [https://www.pcmag.com/archive/caldera-openlinux-server-31-16536 at this url].</ref>

In its era, Caldera OpenLinux was one of the four major commercial Linux distributions, the others being [[Red Hat Linux]], [[Turbolinux]], and [[SuSE Linux]].<ref name="moody"/>  In particular, these were the four that got the backing of hardware vendors such as [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] and [[IBM]], although Red Hat was clearly the primary recipient of such hardware support announcements.<ref name="moody"/> And overall Red Hat had the broadest base of acceptance within the computer industry, with SuSE strong in Europe.<ref name="PCMag_2001"/>

By 2002, in the wake of the [[dot com bust]], the Linux side of Caldera International was losing money badly; it was spending four times as much as it received in revenue.<ref name="Wired">{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/2004/07/linux-7/ |title=The Linux Killer |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=July 2004 |author-first=Brad |author-last=Stone}}</ref> The only Linux distribution company that was doing even somewhat well at the time was Red Hat.<ref name="cnet-darl">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/struggling-linux-company-swaps-ceos/ |title=Struggling Linux company swaps CEOs |author-first=Stephen |author-last=Shankland |publisher=[[CNET]] | date=June 27, 2002}}</ref>  Caldera International was further disadvantaged in that the Unix side of its business contributed most of its revenue and represented the products its resellers had the largest incentive to sell.<ref name="lj-2002">{{cite news | url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6292 | title=A Rose by Any Other Name – Is It Still the Same? | author-first=Jeff | author-last=Gerhardt | work=[[Linux Journal]] | date=August 27, 2002}}</ref> 

== End ==
[[United Linux]] was an attempt by a consortium of Linux companies to create a common base distribution for enterprise use and minimize duplication of engineering effort<ref name="cw-darl"/> and thereby form an effective competitor to Red Hat. The founding members of United Linux were [[SUSE Linux|SuSE<!-- how it was spelled in 2002 -->]], [[Turbolinux]], [[Conectiva]], and [[Caldera International]].<ref name="cw-darl"/> The consortium was announced in May 2002.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Caldera, Conectiva, SuSE, Turbolinux Partner To Create UnitedLinux, And Produce A Uniform Version Of Linux For Business |publisher=UnitedLinux |date=May 30, 2002 |url=http://unitedlinux.com/en/press/pr053002.html}}</ref>  However, the UnitedLinux distribution would be based mostly [[SuSE Enterprise Linux]] rather than Caldera OpenLinux.<ref name="nw-ul">{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT1 |title=Linux times 4 |author-first=Phil |author-last=Hochmuth |magazine=[[Network World]] |date=June 3, 2002 |pages=1, 16}}</ref>  As such, the Caldera product name was changed to "Caldera OpenLinux powered by United Linux".<ref name="nw-2002">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VhgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA23 | title=The name game, Caldera style | author-first=Dave | author-last=Kearns | magazine=[[Network World]] | date=September 9, 2002 | page=22}}</ref>  This effectively meant the end of the LST-/Caldera-based OpenLinux technology itself,<ref name="LST_2003"/> and the Caldera Deutschland GmbH office in Erlangen was shut down.<ref name="tdh-layoff">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/472383338/?terms=%22caldera%2Binternational%22%2Blindon |title=Caldera to lay off 16 local employees |author-first=Tara |author-last=Duggan |newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Utah)|The Daily Herald]] |location=Central Utah |date=May 10, 2002 |page=B10 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> 

In the event, United Linux did not last much longer.  In June 2002, Caldera International had a change in management, with [[Darl McBride]] taking over as CEO from Ransom Love.<ref name="cw-darl">{{cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2575775/caldera-ceo-steps-aside-to-focus-on-unitedlinux.html |title=Caldera CEO steps aside to focus on UnitedLinux |author-first=Todd R. |author-last=Weiss |magazine=[[Computerworld]] |date=June 27, 2002}}</ref> Caldera International soon changed its name to [[The SCO Group]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2578171/sco-name-returns-as-caldera-rebrands-itself.html |title=SCO name returns as Caldera rebrands itself |author-first=Todd R. |author-last=Weiss |magazine=[[Computerworld]] |date=August 26, 2002}}</ref> The product name Caldera OpenLinux became "SCO Linux powered by UnitedLinux".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.osnews.com/story/1615/caldera-changes-name-to-the-sco-group-plans-sco-linux-40/ |title=Caldera Changes Name to the SCO Group, Plans SCO Linux 4.0 |author-first=Eugenia |author-last=Loli |publisher=OSNews |date=August 26, 2002}}</ref> In May 2003, the SCO Group began issuing proclamations and lawsuits based upon its belief that its Unix intellectual property had been incorporated into Linux in an unlawful and uncompensated manner &ndash; thus commencing the [[SCO–Linux disputes]] &ndash; and stopped selling its own Linux product.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/sco-targets-linux-customers/ |title=SCO targets Linux customers |author-first=Stephen |author-last=Shankland |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=May 15, 2003}}</ref> The United Linux effort itself collapsed as a consequence.<ref name="eweek-united">{{cite news | url=https://www.eweek.com/servers/unitedlinux-rip/ | title=UnitedLinux, RIP | author-first= Steven J. | author-last=Vaughan-Nichols | magazine=eWeek | date=January 23, 2004 }}</ref>

In any case, Caldera OpenLinux had played a significant role in Linux history by establishing what would be necessary to create a mainstream, business-oriented system, with stability and support, out of the Linux kernel.<ref name="bangia">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89KDPNxy1BYC&pg=PA123 |title=IT Tools and Applications |author-first=Ramesh |author-last=Bangia |publisher=Firewall Media |location=New Delhi |date=2005 |edition=Revised |page=123&ndash;124|isbn=9788170084471 }}</ref>

==Known releases==
{{incomplete-list|date=August 2024}}
* ''Caldera OpenLinux Lite/Base/Standard(/Deluxe) 1.0'' (1997) with Linux kernel 2.0.25<ref name="LG_1997"/>
* ''Caldera OpenLinux Lite/Base/Standard 1.1'' (September 1997) with Linux kernel 2.0.29<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2435 | title=New Products | first=Amy | last=Kukuk | magazine=Linux Journal | date=September 1997}}</ref>
* ''Caldera OpenLinux Lite/Base/Standard 1.2'' (1998-04-17)
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux Lite/Base 1.3'' (1998-09-28) with Linux kernel 2.0.35<ref name="CalderaSystems_OL13">{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/caldera-systems-inc-releases-openlinux-13-with-kde-and-sybase-ase-156356425.html |title=CALDERA SYSTEMS INC. RELEASES OPENLINUX 1.3 WITH KDE AND SYBASE ASE |website=www.prnewswire.co.uk |access-date=2017-09-21}}</ref>
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux 1.4''? (there are some mentionings in the net, but in such a low number, that it is unclear, if this version was actually released ... and not sure if 2.0 and 2.1 existed at all) 
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux 2.2'' (1999-04-19) with Linux kernel 2.2.xx
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux eDesktop/eServer 2.3'' (September 1999) with Linux kernel 2.2.10<ref name="lc-list"/>
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux eServer 2.3.1''
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux eDesktop/eBuilder 2.4''
* ''Caldera Systems OpenLinux eBuilder 3.0''
* ''Caldera International OpenLinux Workstation/Server 3.1'' (June 2001)<ref name="LT_2001_L">{{cite news |url=https://www.linuxtoday.com/infrastructure/2001062500620PS |title=Change for Caldera OpenLinux Workstation 3.1 Will Require 'Per System' Licenses |work=Linux Today |date=June 25, 2001}}</ref> with Linux kernel 2.4.2
* ''Caldera International OpenLinux Workstation/Server 3.1.1'' (January 2002) with Linux kernel 2.4.13<ref name="OSN_2002">{{cite news | url=https://www.osnews.com/story/588/caldera-releases-openlinux-311/ | title=Caldera Releases OpenLinux 3.1.1 | first=Eugenia | last=Loli | publisher=OSNews | date=2002-01-31}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group="nb"}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | title=Using Caldera OpenLinux | first=Allan | last=Smart | publisher=Que | location= | year=1999 | isbn=0-7897-2058-2 }}
* {{cite book | title=Caldera OpenLinux Unleashed | first=David | last=Stoll | publisher=Sams Publishing | location= | year=2000 | isbn=0-672-31761-3 }}
* {{cite book | title=Caldera OpenLinux Bible | first=Chris | last=Negus | publisher=Wiley | location= | year=2000 | isbn=0-7645-4706-2 }}
* {{cite book | title=Caldera OpenLinux For Dummies | first1=Jon "maddog" | last1=Hall | first2=Nicholas | last2=Wells | publisher=Wiley | location= | year=2000 | isbn=0-7645-0679-X }}

==External links==
* [http://linux.ittoolbox.com/pub/MM022702i.pdf "The Differences between Caldera Linux and Red Hat Linux: An Opinion Piece"] &ndash; Caldera white paper, March 2021 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713070303/http://linux.ittoolbox.com/pub/MM022702i.pdfcomparing |date=2011-07-13  }}
* [http://www.lst.de/ LST association site (in German)]
* [https://www.abortretry.fail/p/the-history-of-caldera-part-1 The History of Caldera, Part 1] and [https://www.abortretry.fail/p/the-history-of-caldera-part-2 The History of Caldera, Part 2], Bradford Morgan White's industry histories

{{Linux-distro}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caldera Openlinux}}
[[Category:Caldera (company) operating systems]]
[[Category:Discontinued Linux distributions]]
[[Category:SCO–Linux disputes]]
[[Category:Linux distributions]]