View source for CXCL2

{{Short description|Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens}}
{{infobox_gene}}
{{infobox protein
| Name = chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
| caption = 
| image = 
| width = 
| HGNCid = 4603
| Symbol = CXCL2
| AltSymbols = SCYB2, GRO2, GROb, MIP-2a, MGSA-b, CINC-2a
| EntrezGene = 2920
| OMIM = 139110
| RefSeq = NM_002089
| UniProt = P19875
| PDB = 
| ECnumber = 
| Chromosome = 4
| Arm = q
| Band = 21
| LocusSupplementaryData = 
}}

'''Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2''' (CXCL2) is a small [[cytokine]] belonging to the CXC [[chemokine]] family that is also called ''macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha'' (MIP2-alpha), ''Growth-regulated protein beta'' (Gro-beta) and ''Gro oncogene-2'' (Gro-2).  CXCL2 is 90% identical in [[amino acid]] sequence as a related chemokine, [[CXCL1]]. This chemokine is secreted by [[monocytes]] and [[macrophage]]s and is [[chemotactic]] for [[polymorphonuclear leukocyte]]s and [[hematopoietic stem cell]]s.<ref name="pmid2643119">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wolpe SD, Sherry B, Juers D, Davatelis G, Yurt RW, Cerami A | title = Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 86 | issue = 2 | pages = 612–6 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2643119 | pmc = 286522 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.86.2.612 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1989PNAS...86..612W }}</ref><ref name="pmid2078213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Iida N, Grotendorst GR | title = Cloning and sequencing of a new gro transcript from activated human monocytes: expression in leukocytes and wound tissue | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 5596–9 | date = October 1990 | pmid = 2078213 | pmc = 361282 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.10.10.5596 }}</ref><ref name = pelus>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pelus LM, Fukuda S | title = Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties | journal = Experimental Hematology | volume = 34 | issue = 8 | pages = 1010–20 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16863907 | doi = 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.04.004 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The gene for CXCL2 is located on human [[chromosome 4]] in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.<ref name="pmid10343098">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG | title = Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4 | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 84 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 39–42 | date = 1999 | pmid = 10343098 | doi = 10.1159/000015209 | s2cid = 8087808 }}</ref> CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surface [[chemokine receptor]] called [[CXC chemokine receptors#CXCR1 and CXCR2|CXCR2]].<ref name = pelus/>

CXCL2, like related chemokines, is also a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis.<ref name="Al-Alwan_2017" /> A study was published in 2013 testing the role of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL1 in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) migration which plays a significant role in asthma. The results of this study showed that CXCL2 and CXCL3 both help with the mediation of normal and asthmatic ASMC migration through different mechanisms.<ref name="Al-Alwan_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Alwan LA, Chang Y, Mogas A, [[Andrew Halayko|Halayko AJ]], Baglole CJ, Martin JG, Rousseau S, Eidelman DH, Hamid Q | display-authors = 6 | title = Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 191 | issue = 5 | pages = 2731–41 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23904157 | pmc = 3748335 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.1203421 }}</ref>

== Clinical development ==

CXCL2 in combination with the [[CXCR4]] inhibitor [[plerixafor]] rapidly mobilizes [[hematopoietic stem cell]]s into the peripheral blood.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoggatt J, Singh P, Tate TA, Chou BK, Datari SR, Fukuda S, Liu L, Kharchenko PV, Schajnovitz A, Baryawno N, Mercier FE, Boyer J, Gardner J, Morrow DM, Scadden DT, Pelus LM | display-authors = 6 | title = Rapid Mobilization Reveals a Highly Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cell | journal = Cell | volume = 172 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 191–204.e10 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 29224778 | pmc = 5812290 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003 | url = https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003 }}</ref> 

This rapid [[peripheral blood stem cell]] mobilization regimen entered [[Phases of clinical research|Phase 2 clinical trials]] in 2021<ref>{{ClinicalTrialsGov|NCT04762875|A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor for the Mobilization and Transplantation of HLA-Matched Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Recipients With Hematological Malignancies}}</ref><ref>{{ClinicalTrialsGov|NCT04552743|Phase II Study of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor in the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Multiple Myeloma}}</ref> in development by Magenta Therapeutics<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magenta Therapeutics Announces Additional Preliminary Positive Results from Ongoing Phase 2 Clinical Trial of MGTA-145 and Plerixafor in Patients with Multiple Myeloma at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting – Magenta Therapeutics|url=https://investor.magentatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/magenta-therapeutics-announces-additional-preliminary-positive/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=investor.magentatx.com|language=en}}</ref> as a new method to collect stem cells for [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|bone marrow transplantation]].

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Chemokines}}
{{Chemokine receptor modulators}}

[[Category:Cytokines]]

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