View source for CSS Acadia

{{Short description|Former Canadian research ship}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=CSS Acadia 1.jpg
|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=CSS ''Acadia'' preserved as a [[museum ship]] alongside the wharves of the [[Maritime Museum of the Atlantic]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] in 2007
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Canada|naval-1921}}
|Ship name=''Acadia''
|Ship namesake=[[Acadia]]
|Ship builder=[[Swan Hunter|Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]
|Ship yard number=912
|Ship owner=
|Ship registry=[[Ottawa]]
|Ship identification=* UK [[official number]] 133535
* [[code letters]] JCMD (until 1933)
* {{ICS|Juliet}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Delta}}
* [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] CGFS (1930 onward)
* {{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Golf}}{{ICS|Foxtrot}}{{ICS|Sierra}}
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship laid down=1912
|Ship launched=8 May 1913
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship in service=September 1913 
|Ship out of service=November 1969
|Ship homeport=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=Museum ship, Halifax, 1982
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Canada|naval-1911}}
|Ship name=''Acadia''
|Ship commissioned=16 January 1917
|Ship decommissioned=March 1919
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship recommissioned=2 October 1939
|Ship decommissioned=3 November 1945
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: Z00
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Research vessel|Hydrographic research ship]]/[[Patrol boat|auxiliary patrol vessel]]
|Ship tonnage={{GRT|846}}, {{NRT|439}}
|Ship displacement={{cvt|1050|LT|t|lk=on}}
|Ship length={{cvt|181|ft|9|in}} 
|Ship beam={{cvt|33.5|ft|1}}
|Ship draught={{cvt|19|ft|m|1}} 
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship ice class=Ice strengthened
|Ship power={{convert|1715|shp|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=Single shaft, 2 × [[Scotch boiler]]s, 1 [[triple expansion steam engine]], 
|Ship speed={{convert|14|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship complement=60
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=* 1 × QF {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
*1 × [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|QF 12-pounder (76 mm) gun]]
*8 × [[depth charge]]s
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Canada|designation1_offname=S.S. Acadia National Historic Site of Canada|designation1_date=1976}}
|}

'''CSS ''Acadia''''' is a former [[hydrographic survey|hydrographic]] and [[Oceanography|oceanographic]] [[research ship]] of the Hydrographic Survey of Canada and its successor, the [[Canadian Hydrographic Service]]. ''Acadia'' for 56 years from 1913 to 1969, charting the coastline of almost every part of [[Eastern Canada]] including pioneering surveys of [[Hudson Bay]]. She was also twice [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] into the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] (RCN) as '''HMCS ''Acadia''''', the only ship still afloat to have served the RCN in both World Wars. The ship is also the last remaining ship afloat that was present at the 1917 [[Halifax Explosion]]. The ship is now a [[museum ship]], designated as a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]], moored in [[Halifax Harbour]] at the [[Maritime Museum of the Atlantic]].<ref name=crhp>{{CRHP|12741|S.S. Acadia|26 August 2012}}</ref>

==Design and description==
''Acadia'' is a [[research ship]] that initially measured {{convert|170|ft|9|in}} long with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{cvt|33|ft|7|in}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{cvt|19|ft|m|1}}. The ship was measured at {{GRT|846|disp=long}} and {{NRT|439|disp=long}}.{{sfn|''Mercantile Navy List''|1914}}{{sfn|''Mercantile Navy List''|1930}} The ship had a [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] of {{convert|1050|LT|t|lk=on}}.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}} The ship was powered by steam provided by two coal-fired [[Scotch boiler]]s being fed to a [[triple expansion engine]] turning one [[Propeller|screw]], creating {{convert|1715|shp|lk=on}}.<ref name="museum">{{cite web |url=https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/exhibits/css-acadia |title=CSS Acadia |publisher=Maritime Museum of the Atlantic |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref>{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=15}}{{efn|Maginley & Collin give the ship {{cvt|1700|hp}}.{{sfn|Maginley|Collin|2001|p=102}}}} This gave the ship a maximum speed of {{convert|14|kn|lk=in}}.{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=15}} The ship was designed to operate along Canada's northern coast, and had additional {{convert|7/8|in|adj=on}} steel plating and strengthened framing. After arriving in Canada, the ship underwent further strengthening for use in ice.{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=16}} The ship had one [[Funnel (ship)|funnel]] and two [[Mast (sailing)|masts]] and the crew cabins had [[mahogany]] and [[oak]] paneling and [[Brass|brasswork]].<ref name="museum"/> The vessel originally had wooden carvings of the [[coat-of-arms]] of the provinces of [[Ontario]] and [[Nova Scotia]] situated on the [[starboard]] side of the [[Bow (ship)|bow]] and those of [[Quebec]] and [[New Brunswick]] on the port side.{{sfn|Maginley|Collin|2001|p=102}} The crew numbered 60 with 10 assigned to [[hydrography]]-related research, but that number fluctuated depending on the planned deployment.{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=60}} The vessel was equipped with two survey [[Launch (boat)|launches]] and [[Cutter (boat)|cutters]].{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=17}} 

In [[Royal Canadian Navy]] (RCN) service, the vessel was armed with a {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}} gun placed forward and a [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder gun]] situated aft.{{sfn|Royal Canadian Navy}}{{sfn|Johnston|Rawling|Gimblett|MacFarlane|2010|p=400}} The ship had a displacement of {{convert|1067|t|LT|order=flip}} and measured {{convert|51.8|m|ftin|order=flip}} long with a beam of {{convert|10.2|m|ftin|order=flip}} and a draught of {{convert|5.8|m|ftin|order=flip}}. In naval service, the vessel could only reach speeds of {{convert|8|kn}}.{{sfn|Royal Canadian Navy}} The ship had a complement of 59 officers and [[Naval rating|ratings]] in RCN service.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}}

''Acadia'' was the first ship of the Canadian Hydrographic Service to be fitted with [[wireless telegraphy]] in 1913. The ship had a [[gyrocompass]] installed in 1928. The following year in 1929, ''Acadia'' had an [[echo sounder]] system fitted.<ref name="museum"/> In 1951, the vessel underwent a complete [[Deck (ship)|decking]] renewal, a partial renewal in 1985. The masts, originally fitted for sails, were converted for lighting and sensor use and the launches/cutters were modernised.{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=17}} In 1955, the ship underwent a refit that added an enlarged [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]].{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=15}} In 1956, the ship had her first navigational [[radar]] installed.<ref name="museum"/> By 1987, the vessel measured {{convert|55.5|m|ftin|order=flip}} [[Length overall|long overall]] with a beam of {{convert|10|m|ftin|order=flip}} and a depth of {{convert|3|m|ftin|order=flip}}. The ship's displacement had increased to {{convert|1700|t|LT|order=flip}}. By the 1960s, the ship could only make approximately {{convert|9|kn}}.{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=15}}

==Construction and career==
''Acadia'' was designed in [[Ottawa]] by Canadian naval architect R. L. Newman for the Hydrographic Survey of Canada and built by [[Swan Hunter|Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson]] at [[Newcastle-on-Tyne]] in England. Named after [[Acadia]], the early colonial name for [[Atlantic Canada]], she was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 8 May 1913. ''Acadia'' arrived at [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] on 8 July and was entered service that July upon her first voyage using the prefix CGS, which stood for "Canadian Government Ship."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marinecurator.blogspot.ca/2013/05/the-museums-css-acadia-turns-100-today.html |title=CSS Acadia turns 100 today |date=8 May 2013 |website=The Marine Curator |publisher=Maritime Museum of the Atlantic}}</ref> Her first two seasons were spent [[Nautical chart|charting]] in western [[Hudson Bay]] at [[Port Nelson, Manitoba|Port Nelson]],{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=18}} and rescued the crew of the [[steamship]] ''Alette'', crushed by ice in Hudson Bay, the first of several rescue operations ''Acadia'' would perform.{{sfn|Meehan|2004a|p=92}} In her first year, she also made the first Canadian surveys of [[Sable Island]] in November 1913.{{sfn|Meehan|2004a|p=93}} She saw extensive use prior to 1917 surveying the waters along Canada's Atlantic coast, including tidal charting and [[depth sounding]]s for various ports, also performing pioneering Canadian [[oceanographic]] research in 1915 and 1916.{{sfn|Meehan|2004b|pp=107, 109}}

[[File:CSS Acadia 3.jpg|left|thumb|Bow of ''Acadia'' with a [[Dory (boat)|dory]] lowered on her starboard [[davit]]s]]

===World War I===
After the outbreak of [[World War I]] in 1914, ''Acadia'' was among the government vessels used to patrol the Bay of Fundy during the winter months, sailing between [[Yarmouth, Nova Scotia]] and [[Grand Manan]].{{sfn|Johnston|Rawling|Gimblett|MacFarlane|2010|p=274}} ''Acadia'' was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] into the RCN on 16 January 1917, as a [[Patrol boat|patrol vessel]], replacing the CGS prefix with [[His Majesty's Canadian Ship]] (HMCS), thus becoming HMCS ''Acadia''.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}} Though intended for patrol, the vessel's slow speed made her practically unusable. The vessel was armed with one {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}} gun placed forward.{{sfn|Johnston|Rawling|Gimblett|MacFarlane|2010|pp=404, 506}} From 1917 until the end of the war, she conducted [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] patrols from the [[Bay of Fundy]] along Nova Scotia's Atlantic coast and through the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]].{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}} On 6 December 1917, less than twelve months into her wartime service, ''Acadia'' survived the [[Halifax Explosion]]. ''Acadia'' was serving as a [[guard ship]] at the entrance to [[Bedford Basin]] but suffered only minor damage.{{sfn|Armstrong|2002|p=80}} In 1918, she was one of the Canadian warships assigned to escort merchant [[convoy]]s through Canadian waters, defending them against the [[Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I|German submarine threat]].{{sfn|Johnston|Rawling|Gimblett|MacFarlane|2010|p=692}} Near the end of the war, she served as a platform for experiments with anti-submarine [[kite balloon]]s.{{sfn|Hadley|Sarty|1991|p=280}} The ship was decommissioned from RCN service in March 1919.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}}

===Inter-war period===
Following her naval service, ''Acadia'' was returned to the Hydrographic Survey of Canada (renamed the [[Canadian Hydrographic Service]] in 1928) and resumed hydrographic survey work throughout the inter-war period of the 1920s and 1930s. Though in the winter months of 1922–1923, the ship was detailed with [[icebreaking]] duties along the coast of Nova Scotia and in major coastal ports on the way.{{sfn|Meehan|2004c|p=205}} Lack of survey funds suspended her operation in 1924 and 1925. In 1926 she resumed surveys, mainly in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and up into the [[Saguenay River]].{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=19}}  A major achievement was surveying in the summer seasons in 1929 to 1931, to establish the port of [[Churchill, Manitoba]].{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=18}}  In 1929 ''Acadia'' rescued the crew of a crashed [[Sikorsky Aircraft|Sikorsky]] amphibious aircraft named "Untin Bowler" who were attempting a round-trip to Europe across [[Greenland]] and Iceland sponsored by the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' until the aircraft was destroyed by ice off the tip of [[Labrador]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/tribune/trib06301929/trib06301929003.pdf |title=From Chicago to Berlin and Back in the "Untin Bowler" |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=30 June 1929}}</ref> In mid-to-late September 1939, the vessel was tasked with re-charting the coasts of the Canadians [[Maritimes]] and the island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].{{sfn|Meehan|2004c|p=161}} In 1934, ''Acadia'' was among the ships gathered to celebrate the 400th anniversary of French explorer [[Jacques Cartier]]'s arrival in the North America with a celebration at [[Gaspé, Quebec]]. She returned to icebreaking duties along the Nova Scotian coast in the winter months of 1934–1935.{{sfn|Meehan|2004c|p=205}}

===World War II===
[[File:HMCS Acadia H-558a.jpg|thumb|left|{{center|In her armed wartime guise as HMCS ''Acadia''}}]]
[[File:HMCS Acadia.jpg|left|thumb|HMCS ''Acadia''{{'}}s badge, designed during her World War II service]]
The vessel was recommissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 2 October 1939 during [[World War II]], once again becoming HMCS ''Acadia'' and given the [[pennant number]] Z00 on the Atlantic coast.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|pp=17, 316}}{{efn|The patrol vessel {{HMCS|Malaspina}} used the same pennant number on the Pacific coast.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=316}}}} She was first used as a [[training ship]] for [[CFB Halifax#Stadacona|HMCS ''Stadacona'']], a [[shore establishment]] at Halifax. From May 1940 to March 1941 she saw active use as a patrol ship off the entrance of [[Halifax Harbour]], providing close escort support for small convoys entering and leaving the port from the harbour limits at the [[submarine net]]s off [[McNabs Island]] to the "Halifax Ocean Meeting Point". After a refit, ''Acadia'' was assigned in mid-1941 for use as an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] training ship and serving as a gunnery training vessel for crews of the [[Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships]] (DEMS) fleet.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}} In June 1944, ''Acadia'' was assigned to the training base {{HMCS|Cornwallis}} and stationed at the nearby port of [[Digby, Nova Scotia]] where she was used for gunnery training. The ship was decommissioned on 3 November 1945.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}} The name HMCS ''Acadia'' continued in use as a [[Royal Canadian Sea Cadets]] training centre at [[Cornwallis, Nova Scotia]] beginning in 1956 until its closure in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://navalandmilitarymuseum.org/archives/articles/ship-histories/hmcs-acadia-sea-cadets/ |title=Official History of HMCS Acadia (Sea Cadets) |publisher=CFB Esquimalt Naval Military Museum |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/cornwallis-park-training-centre-closes-1.6495991 |title=Cadet training centre in Cornwallis Park closing after program overhaul |work=CBC News |last=Chandler |first=Felishia |date=25 June 2022 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref>

====Badge====
During World War II, ''Acadia'' was given an unofficial badge honouring the ship. However, in 1948, an [[Naval heraldry#Royal Canadian Navy|official badge]] and official colours were awarded by the RCN.{{sfn|Arbuckle|1987|p=IX}} ''Acadia''{{'}}s badge consists of a young woman's head and shoulders wearing a 1755-period cap and a scarf all done in white situated on a field of blue with a golden [[semé]]-[[Fleur-de-lis|de-lis]]. The ship's official colours are gold and blue.{{sfn|Arbuckle|1987|p=4}}{{efn|The official blazon is "Azure, a seme-de-lis or, the head and shoulders of a young women wearing a cap and scarf of the period (1755) all in colour of a cameo stone".{{sfn|Arbuckle|1987|p=4}}}}

===Later years===
[[File:CSS Acadia 4.jpg|thumb|Starboard bow of ''Acadia'', with a [[Dory (boat)|dory]] lowered on davits]]
With the end of the war ''Acadia'' was returned for the second time to the Canadian Hydrographic Service with the new prefix CSS, the acronym standing for Canadian Survey Ship. In 1946, the vessel was tasked with charting the [[Northumberland Strait]].{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=19}} A major post-war assignment was updating and expanding the nautical charts of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] after the former colony had joined Canada in 1949. In the 1950s, the wooden carvings of the provincial coat-of-arms were removed during a refit and were lost in a fire when the shed they were stored in burned.{{sfn|Maginley|Collin|2001|p=102}} In 1961, ''Acadia'' rescued hundreds of people from forest fires in eastern Newfoundland, evacuating 600 people.{{sfn|Barr|1987|p=20}} The ship was taken out of service with the Canadian Hydrographic Service on 28 November 1969.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}}

===Museum ship===
After being retired, ''Acadia'' was transferred to the [[Bedford Institute of Oceanography]] (BIO) for use as a [[museum ship]]. The vessel was declared a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site]] in 1976.<ref name=crhp/> On 9 February 1980, the BIO transferred ''Acadia'' to the [[Maritime Museum of the Atlantic]] for preservation and interpretation.{{sfn|Macpherson|Barrie|2002|p=17}} In 1982, the vessel was moved to her new home alongside the wharves behind the museum. ''Acadia'' is known for being one of the few ships to continue the tradition of keeping an official [[ship's cat]], of which there have been four since 1982.<ref name="museum"/>

''Acadia'' is moored at the museum's North Wharf and opens to visitors from May to October. ''Acadia'' is [[dry dock]]ed every five years to preserve her hull using [[zinc anode]]s.<ref name="museum"/> In 2017–2018, the poor condition of ''Acadia'' made Canadian national news, with demands for government intervention to stop the ship's deterioration.<ref name="wars">{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Cassie |date=5 December 2017 |title=The only ship still afloat that survived the Halifax Explosion is rusting away |work=CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/css-acadia-halifax-explosion-rusting-away-1.4431946 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4425746/slow-destruction-css-acadia/ |title=The slow destruction of the CSS Acadia in Halifax Harbour |work=Global News |last=Quon |first=Alexander |date=6 September 2018 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> In 2021, the vessel was sent for an overhaul at [[Shelburne, Nova Scotia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/close-to-him-again-walking-same-decks-as-her-grandfather-special-for-shelburne-labourer-on-historic-ship-100659558 |title='Close to him again': Walking same decks as her grandfather special for Shelburne labourer on historic ship |work=PNI Atlantic News |last=Johnson |first=Kathy |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> ''Acadia'' is the only known vessel still afloat to have survived the Halifax Explosion in 1917 and serve in the Royal Canadian Navy in both world wars.<ref name="wars"/>

====Erik the Red====
[[File:CSS Acadia 2.jpg|thumb|Starboard view of ''Acadia'']]
Named after the [[Erik the Red|famous Viking]], Erik the Red was a [[tabby cat]], born about 1997, that served on ''Acadia'' as the rodent control officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/halifax-feline-erik-the-red-keeps-order-on-the-boardwalk-1.1401296|title=Halifax feline Erik the Red keeps order on the boardwalk|date=7 August 2013|work=CTV News|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="atlantic2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/erik-the-red-to-retire-from-rodent-control-officer-duties-on-css-acadia-1.3191288|title=Erik the Red to retire from rodent control officer duties on CSS Acadia|first=Carolyn |last=Ray|work=CBC News|date=14 August 2015|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> He is believed to have been a stray that found his way aboard the ship as a stowaway on [[Canada Day]] in 2000.  He initially worked alongside the existing rodent control officer, Clara, until Clara's retirement and quick decline in health.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/mus01.html|title=Canadian Rodent Control Officers|date=20 August 2014|publisher=Purr 'n' Fur|first=Patrick |last=Roberts|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref>  Erik the Red survived three abductions or disappearances, which were particularly worrisome for the community because Erik had medical concerns requiring daily medication or he would not eat.<ref name="atlantic2015" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thechronicleherald.ca/metro/1227416-maritime-museum-cat-erik-the-red-is-back-home|title=Maritime Museum cat Erik the Red is back home|first1=Sherri |last1=Colley|newspaper=The Chronicle Herald  |date=5 August 2014|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> Erik became a well known local attraction on the boardwalk near ''Acadia'', welcomed up and down the waterfront and into stores.<ref name="atlantic2015" />  Erik retired in 2015 during a party in his honour on 20 September and died in July 2017 after a short illness.<ref name="atlantic2015" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Munroe |first1=Ian |title=Erik the Red, beloved cat on Halifax ship, dies after brief illness |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/css-acadia-cat-erik-the-red-dies-halifax-rodent-control-1.4234290 |access-date=6 September 2018 |work=CBC News |date=3 August 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of museum ships]]
*[[Ships preserved in museums]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Arbuckle |first=J. Graeme |date=1987 |title=Badges of the Canadian Navy |publisher=Nimbus Publishing |location=Halifax, Nova Scotia |isbn=0-920852-49-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=John Griffith |date=2002 |title=The Halifax Explosion and the Royal Canadian Navy |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |isbn=0-7748-0891-8}}
* {{cite journal |last=Barr |first=P. |date=July 1987 |title=CSS 'Acadia' 75 Years of Service |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/23390/27165/35712 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |location=Monaco |volume=LXIV |issue=2 |pp=15–21}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hadley |first1=Michael L. |last2=Sarty |first2=Roger |date=1991 |title=Tin-pots and Pirate Ships: Canadian Naval Forces and German Sea Raiders 1880–1918 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |location=Montreal & Kingston |isbn=0-7735-0778-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnston |first1=William |last2=Rawling |first2=William G. P. |last3=Gimblett |first3=Richard H. |last4=MacFarlane |first4=John |date=2010 |title=The Seabound Coast: The Official History of the Royal Canadian Navy, 1867–1939 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2020/mdn-dnd/D2-132-1-2010-eng.pdf |volume=1 |publisher=Dundurn Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1-55488-908-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Macpherson |first1=Ken |last2=Barrie |first2=Ron |date=2002 |title=The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002  |edition=Third |publisher=Vanwell Publishing |location=St. Catharines, Ontario |isbn=1-55125-072-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Maginley |first1=Charles D. |last2=Collin |first2=Bernard |date=2001 |title=The Ships of Canada's Marine Services |publisher=Vanwell Publishing Limited |location=St. Catharines, Ontario |isbn=1-55125-070-5}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Meehan |first1=O. M. |date=January 2004 |title=Chapter II: The Hydrographic Survey of Canada from its Formation to the First World War 1904-1914 |journal=The Northern Mariner |volume=14 |number=1 |pp=43–103 |issn=2561-5467 |doi=10.25071/2561-5467.521 |ref={{sfnref|Meehan|2004a}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Meehan |first1=O. M. |date=January 2004 |title=Chapter III: The Hydrographic Survey of Canada from the First World War to the Commencement of the Canadian Hydrographic Service, 1915-1927 |journal=The Northern Mariner |volume=14 |number=1 | issn=2561-5467 |doi=10.25071/2561-5467.522 |pp=105–158 |ref={{sfnref|Meehan|2004b}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Meehan |first1=O. M. |date=April 2004 |title=Chapter IV: The Hydrographic Survey of Canada from 1928 to the Commencement of the Second World War |journal=The Northern Mariner |volume=14 |number=2 | issn=2561-5467 |doi=10.25071/2561-5467.523 |pp=159–244 |ref={{sfnref|Meehan|2004c}}}} 
* {{cite book |date=1914 |title=Mercantile Navy List |location=London |publisher=Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen |page=3 |url=https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Acadia&year=1914&submit=Enter |ref={{sfnref|''Mercantile Navy List''|1914}} |via=Memorial University of Newfoundland}}
* {{cite book |date=1930 |title=Mercantile Navy List |publisher=Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen |location=London |page=3 |url=https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?&name=Acadia&steamsail=Steam&submit=Enter&year=1930 |ref={{sfnref|''Mercantile Navy List''|1930}} |via=Memorial University of Newfoundland}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/navy/services/history/ships-histories/acadia.html |title=HMCS Acadia |publisher=Government of Canada |date=18 October 2022 |access-date=2 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Royal Canadian Navy}}}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/A-Ships/acadia1913.html |title=Acadia |work=Tyne Built Ships |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust}}
* [https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/exhibits/css-acadia Maritime Museum of the Atlantic CSS Acadia web page]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070505013450/http://www.canfoh.org/Ships/acadia.htm Friends of Canadian Hydrography – CSS Acadia page]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002012254/http://www.navy.gc.ca/project_pride/photo_archive/photo_archive_description_page_e.asp?ImgNegNum=H-558a Canadian Navy Heritage – Acadia Photo Archive and Specs]
* [http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/canada/ww1/convert/ Haze Grey and Underway – Converted civilian vessels]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100801102836/http://www.novascotiawebcams.com/halifax/boardwalk.html#axzz0vfQTVfSw Live Webcam view showing CSS ''Acadia'' viewed from the north]
* [http://www.blurb.ca/b/2416798-grand-old-lady ''Grand Old Lady: A personal tribute to the CSS Acadia''] by Rod Desborough (2010), {{ISBN|978-0-9866858-0-4}}, published by author: an illustrated history written by a former crew member

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{{Oldest surviving ships (pre-1919)}}

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[[Category:Research vessels of Canada]]
[[Category:Museum ships in Canada]]
[[Category:Museum ships in Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Ships preserved in museums]]
[[Category:History of Halifax, Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Military history of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Water transport in Manitoba]]
[[Category:Military history of Newfoundland and Labrador]]
[[Category:Maritime history of Canada]]
[[Category:National Historic Sites in Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Steamships of Canada]]
[[Category:1913 ships]]
[[Category:Acadia]]
[[Category:Ships built by Swan Hunter]]
[[Category:Halifax Explosion ships]]
[[Category:Auxiliary ships of the Royal Canadian Navy]]
[[Category:Canadian Government Ship]]